Expression of Programmed Death-1 (PD-1) & Programmed Death Ligand-1 (PDL-1) in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Pediatric
Study Details
Study Description
Brief Summary
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common childhood malignancy in the world.
It is a malignant clonal proliferation of lymphoid progenitor cells, but most commonly of the B cell lineage (B ALL). .
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) is a heterogeneous disease that causes malignant hematological disorders at any age. It mainly affects children aged 2 to 5; in fact, 60% of pediatric leukemia cases are ALL, with an incidence of 3-4 cases per 100,000 per year. It is divided into two subtypes B-ALL and T-ALL depending on whether transformation occurs in B- or T-cell precursors, respectively .
Leukemic cells apply multiple immune evasion mechanisms resulting in tumor progression. One of the most important immune escape mechanisms is over expression of immune checkpoint receptors and their ligands such as PD-1 and PD-L1 .
The PD-1 receptor plays a crucial role in a broad spectrum of immune regulatory mechanisms .
It is a negative co-receptor that down regulates T-cell activity .
PDL 1, which is known as B7 H1 , is a cell surface protein of B7 family member .
PD L1 is expressed on all types of lympho hematopoietic cells at variable levels and is constitutively expressed on T cells, B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells .
Tumors exploit the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway to evade host immune surveillance .
PD-1/PD-L1 pathway controls the induction and maintenance of immune tolerance within the tumor microenvironment. The activity of PD-1 and its ligands PD-L1 or PD-L2 are responsible for T cell activation, proliferation, and cytotoxic secretion in cancer to produce anti-tumor immune responses .
| Condition or Disease | Intervention/Treatment | Phase |
|---|---|---|
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N/A |
Study Design
Arms and Interventions
| Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
|---|---|
| Active Comparator: control healthy control individuals |
Diagnostic Test: flow cytometric immunophynotyping
Expression of programmed death-1 (PD-1) & programmed death ligand-1 (PDL-1) in flow cytometric immunophynotyping
|
| Active Comparator: case Newly diagnosed and under treatment cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemic |
Diagnostic Test: flow cytometric immunophynotyping
Expression of programmed death-1 (PD-1) & programmed death ligand-1 (PDL-1) in flow cytometric immunophynotyping
|
Outcome Measures
Primary Outcome Measures
- programmed death-1 (PD-1) by flow cytometry immunophynotyping [6 months]
Assess programmed death-1 by flow cytometry immunophynotyping
- Programmed death ligand -1 (PDL-1) by flow cytometry immunophynotyping [6 months]
Assess programmed death ligand -1 by flow cytometry immunophynotyping
Eligibility Criteria
Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
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Age range from 1 day to 18 years old
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Patients who are newly diagnosed and under treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Exclusion Criteria:
- Other types of acute leukemia rather than acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Contacts and Locations
Locations
| Site | City | State | Country | Postal Code | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Sohag University Hospital | Sohag | Egypt |
Sponsors and Collaborators
- Sohag University
Investigators
None specified.Study Documents (Full-Text)
None provided.More Information
Publications
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- Chiaretti S, Vitale A, Cazzaniga G, Orlando SM, Silvestri D, Fazi P, Valsecchi MG, Elia L, Testi AM, Mancini F, Conter V, te Kronnie G, Ferrara F, Di Raimondo F, Tedeschi A, Fioritoni G, Fabbiano F, Meloni G, Specchia G, Pizzolo G, Mandelli F, Guarini A, Basso G, Biondi A, Foà R. Clinico-biological features of 5202 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia enrolled in the Italian AIEOP and GIMEMA protocols and stratified in age cohorts. Haematologica. 2013 Nov;98(11):1702-10. doi: 10.3324/haematol.2012.080432. Epub 2013 May 28.
- Taghiloo S, Asgarian-Omran H. Immune evasion mechanisms in acute myeloid leukemia: A focus on immune checkpoint pathways. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2021 Jan;157:103164. doi: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.103164. Epub 2020 Nov 18. Review.
- Woo JS, Alberti MO, Tirado CA. Childhood B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a genetic update. Exp Hematol Oncol. 2014 Jun 13;3:16. doi: 10.1186/2162-3619-3-16. eCollection 2014. Review.
- Soh-Med-22-06-10