Aquatic Exercise for Cognition and Mobility in Older Adults
Study Details
Study Description
Brief Summary
The purpose of this study is to assess the effects of an aquatic exercise program on cognition and physical function of older adults.
| Condition or Disease | Intervention/Treatment | Phase |
|---|---|---|
|
N/A |
Study Design
Arms and Interventions
| Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
|---|---|
| Experimental: Aquatic Exercise Group Aquatic class 45 minutes, 3 times a week, for 8 weeks |
Behavioral: Aquatic Integrated Cognitive Motor Training
Aquatic exercise class with focus on cognitive and physical exercise
|
| No Intervention: Control Group Usual care for 8 weeks and one hour education session on fall prevention. |
Outcome Measures
Primary Outcome Measures
- Stroop Effect Test: Change from baseline to the end of intervention/control period [Measures taken at baseline and again at approximately 9-10 weeks]
Measure of working memory and attention
- Trail Making Test A and B: Change from baseline to the end of intervention/control period [Measures taken at baseline and again at approximately 9-10 weeks]
Measure of visual scanning and working memory
- Digit Backwards Test : Change from baseline to the end of intervention/control period [Measures taken at baseline and again at approximately 9-10 weeks]
Measure of working memory capacity
- Gait Measurements: Change from baseline to the end of intervention/control period [Measures taken at baseline and again at approximately 9-10 weeks]
4 gait conditions (single task gait, dual task gait with head turns, dual task gait with head nods, and dual task gait count backwards by serial 7s). Gait measures collected with Strideway Gait Analysis System.
- Functional Outcome Measures: Change from baseline to the end of intervention/control period [Measures taken at baseline and again at approximately 9-10 weeks]
Timed Up and Go Test, Cognitive Timed Up and Go Test, Single Leg Balance Test, and Four Square Step Test.
Secondary Outcome Measures
- Vital Sign measurements: Change from baseline to the end of intervention/control period [Measures taken at baseline and again at approximately 9-10 weeks]
Blood pressure and heart rate taken after 5 min supine, immediately upon standing, and 2 min after standing
- Anthropometric measurements: Change from baseline to the end of intervention/control period [Measures taken at baseline and again at approximately 9-10 weeks]
Height and weight
- Neurotrophic Growth Factors: Change from baseline to the end of intervention/control period [Measures taken at baseline and again at approximately 9-10 weeks]
Serum concentration of brain derived neurotrophic factor and insulin-like growth factor 1
- Numeric Pain Rating Scale: Change from baseline to the end of intervention/control period [Measures taken at baseline and again at approximately 9-10 weeks]
An 11 point scale for level of pain from 0 (no pain) to 10 (severe pain).
- Global Rating of Change Questionnaire: Change from baseline to the end of intervention/control period [Measures taken at baseline and again at approximately 9-10 weeks]
A 15 point global rating scale for changes in domains, from -7 (a great deal worse); through 0 (no change) to +7 (a great deal better).
- Activities-specific balance confidence scale: Change from baseline to the end of intervention/control period [Measures taken at baseline and again at approximately 9-10 weeks]
A structured questionnaire that measures an individuals confidence performing daily activities. The minimum score is 0% (no confidence in balance) to 100% (complete confidence in balance).
Eligibility Criteria
Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
-
Able to ambulate 100 ft independently with or without assistive device
-
Score greater than or equal to 3 on the Mini-Cog Test
-
Stable medical condition within one month prior to the study
-
Stable exercise program within one month prior to the study
-
Available during study testing and group class times
-
COVID-19 vaccination
-
Permission from medical provider to participate in the study
Exclusion Criteria:
-
History of dementia or Alzheimer's
-
Contraindication to exercise or pool immersion (e.g., unstable cardiovascular conditions, fever, diarrhea, aqua-phobia)
Contacts and Locations
Locations
| Site | City | State | Country | Postal Code | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The University of Texas at Austin | Austin | Texas | United States | 78712 |
Sponsors and Collaborators
- Emily Dunlap
Investigators
- Principal Investigator: Emily Dunlap, BS, The University of Texas at Austin
Study Documents (Full-Text)
None provided.More Information
Publications
- Bressel E, Louder TJ, Raikes AC, Alphonsa S, Kyvelidou A. Water Immersion Affects Episodic Memory and Postural Control in Healthy Older Adults. J Geriatr Phys Ther. 2019 Oct/Dec;42(4):E1-E6. doi: 10.1519/JPT.0000000000000192.
- Carter HH, Spence AL, Pugh CJ, Ainslie P, Naylor LH, Green DJ. Cardiovascular responses to water immersion in humans: impact on cerebral perfusion. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2014 May;306(9):R636-40. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00516.2013. Epub 2014 Feb 19.
- Commandeur D, Klimstra MD, MacDonald S, Inouye K, Cox M, Chan D, Hundza SR. Difference scores between single-task and dual-task gait measures are better than clinical measures for detection of fall-risk in community-dwelling older adults. Gait Posture. 2018 Oct;66:155-159. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2018.08.020. Epub 2018 Aug 23.
- de Assis GG, de Almondes KM. Exercise-dependent BDNF as a Modulatory Factor for the Executive Processing of Individuals in Course of Cognitive Decline. A Systematic Review. Front Psychol. 2017 Apr 19;8:584. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00584. eCollection 2017. Review.
- Doi T, Shimada H, Makizako H, Tsutsumimoto K, Hotta R, Nakakubo S, Suzuki T. Association of insulin-like growth factor-1 with mild cognitive impairment and slow gait speed. Neurobiol Aging. 2015 Feb;36(2):942-7. doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.10.035. Epub 2014 Nov 1.
- Kang DW, Bressel E, Kim DY. Effects of aquatic exercise on insulin-like growth factor-1, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, and cognitive function in elderly women. Exp Gerontol. 2020 Apr;132:110842. doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.110842. Epub 2020 Jan 15.
- Nissim M, Hutzler Y, Goldstein A. A walk on water: comparing the influence of Ai Chi and Tai Chi on fall risk and verbal working memory in ageing people with intellectual disabilities - a randomised controlled trial. J Intellect Disabil Res. 2019 Jun;63(6):603-613. doi: 10.1111/jir.12602. Epub 2019 Feb 18.
- Parfitt R, Hensman MY, Lucas SJE. Cerebral Blood Flow Responses to Aquatic Treadmill Exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2017 Jul;49(7):1305-1312. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001230.
- Pugh CJ, Sprung VS, Ono K, Spence AL, Thijssen DH, Carter HH, Green DJ. The effect of water immersion during exercise on cerebral blood flow. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2015 Feb;47(2):299-306. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000422.
- Sato D, Seko C, Hashitomi T, Sengoku Y, Nomura T. Differential effects of water-based exercise on the cognitive function in independent elderly adults. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2015 Apr;27(2):149-59. doi: 10.1007/s40520-014-0252-9. Epub 2014 Jun 26.
- STUDY00001403