Study to Assess Compliance With Long-Term Mercaptopurine Treatment in Young Patients With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Remission
Study Details
Study Description
Brief Summary
This clinical trial is assessing compliance with long-term mercaptopurine treatment in young patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in remission. Assessing why young patients who have acute lymphoblastic leukemia may not take their medications as prescribed may help identify ways to assist them in taking their medications more consistently and may improve long-term treatment outcomes.
Condition or Disease | Intervention/Treatment | Phase |
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Detailed Description
PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:
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To determine and compare adherence to maintenance mercaptopurine (6-MP) in a cohort of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) from four different ethnic and racial groups (Caucasians, African-Americans, Hispanics, and Asians) receiving maintenance/continuation chemotherapy, using the following assessments: serial red cell 6-MP metabolites (6-thioguanine [6TGN] and methyl thioinosine monophosphate [TIMP]); frequency of 6-MP dosing using an electronic pill monitoring system (Microelectromechanical Systems [MEMS]?); self-report of adherence to 6-MP by questionnaire.
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To determine the impact of adherence to 6-MP (measured using 6TGN, methyl [Me]TIMP, MEMS? and self-report data independently) on event-free-survival (EFS) in the entire cohort, after adjusting for known predictors of disease outcome.
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Define a critical level of adherence (measured independently by 6TGN, MeTIMP, MEMS?, self-report) that has a significant impact on EFS for the entire cohort.
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Describe prevalence of adherence to 6-MP by ethnicity (6TGN, MeTIMP, MEMS?, Self-report).
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Describe behavioral and socio-demographic predictors of adherence using the questionnaire data.
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Describe the pill-taking practices in this cohort using the MEMS? data. VII. To evaluate the impact of adherence on ethnic/racial difference in EFS.
SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:
- To assess the concordance among 6TGN and MeTIMP levels, electronic pill monitoring, and self-reported adherence in the ethnic/racial groups.
OUTLINE:
Patients receive an electronic pill monitoring system comprising an empty MEMS? medication bottle with TrackCap? child resistant (CR). The mercaptopurine prescription is filled using this system. Beginning on day 1 of the third or later course of maintenance therapy, patients take all doses of mercaptopurine from the MEMS? medication bottle with TrackCap? CR for at least 169 days. The MEMS? TrackCap? CR is mailed to the Coordinating Center at the end of study. Patients also receive methotrexate orally (PO) as indicated by their individual chemotherapy regimen.
NOTE: *Study closed to accrual for Caucasian and Hispanic patients as of 8/14/2009.
After completion of study, patients are followed up every 6 months for 5 years and then annually for up to 10 years.
Study Design
Arms and Interventions
Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
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Health service research (electronic pill monitoring system) Patients receive an electronic pill monitoring system comprising an empty MEMS^? medication bottle with TrackCap? CR. The mercaptopurine prescription is filled using this system. Beginning on day 1 of the third or later course of maintenance therapy, patients take all doses of mercaptopurine from the MEMS^? medication bottle with TrackCap? CR for at least 169 days. The MEMS^? TrackCap? CR is mailed to the Coordinating Center at the end of study. Patients also receive methotrexate PO as indicated by their individual chemotherapy regimen. |
Behavioral: Compliance Monitoring
Receive an electronic pill monitoring system comprising an empty MEMS medication bottle with TrackCap
Other: Laboratory Biomarker Analysis
Correlative studies
Drug: Mercaptopurine
Given PO
Other Names:
Drug: Methotrexate
Given PO
Other Names:
Other: Questionnaire Administration
Ancillary studies
Other: Study of Socioeconomic and Demographic Variables
Receive an electronic pill monitoring system comprising an empty MEMS medication bottle with TrackCap
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Outcome Measures
Primary Outcome Measures
- Adherence to 6-MP as measured by 6TGN and MethylTIMP levels [169 days]
Will initially perform an exploratory data analysis on distributions across the four groups using side-by-side boxplots, histograms, and summary quantities (mean, median, quartiles, standard deviations, inter-quartile-range, etc.). If central values summarize across-group differences well, then mean and median of the distribution will be compared between 6 pairs of the four ethnic groups using the two-sample t-test and the Mann-Whitney U-test. Will perform these tests adjusting for 6 pairwise multiple comparisons among the four groups using the Bonferroni?s correction method.
- Adherence as measured by frequency of 6-MP dosing as a continuous variable using MEMS? defined as the number of days the MEMS? Cap openings are recorded, taken as a percentage of days doses were prescribed during the study period [Up to 169 days]
Will initially perform an exploratory data analysis on distributions across the four groups using side-by-side boxplots, histograms, and summary quantities (mean, median, quartiles, standard deviations, inter-quartile-range, etc.). If central values summarize across-group differences well, then mean and median of the distribution will be compared between 6 pairs of the four ethnic groups using the two-sample t-test and the Mann-Whitney U-test. Will perform these tests adjusting for 6 pairwise multiple comparisons among the four groups using the Bonferroni?s correction method.
- Self-report of adherence to 6-MP by questionnaire, defined as the number of days doses of 6-MP are reported to being taken, as a percentage of days doses were prescribed during the study period [169 days]
Will initially perform an exploratory data analysis on distributions across the four groups using side-by-side boxplots, histograms, and summary quantities (mean, median, quartiles, standard deviations, inter-quartile-range, etc.). If central values summarize across-group differences well, then mean and median of the distribution will be compared between 6 pairs of the four ethnic groups using the two-sample t-test and the Mann-Whitney U-test. Will perform these tests adjusting for 6 pairwise multiple comparisons among the four groups using the Bonferroni?s correction method.
- EFS [Up to 10 years]
For each of the three types of adherence measures, will fit independent Cox?s proportional-hazard models to assess the prognostic significance of the adherence measure on EFS, after adjusting for known predictors of disease outcome, including the National Cancer Institute risk group (based on the age at diagnosis and presenting white cell count) and chromosomal abnormalities.
- Critical level of adherence (measured independently by 6TGN/MethylTIMP, MEMS?, self-report) that has a significant impact on EFS [Up to 10 years]
Will fit a separate Cox regression model to each of the three adherence measures (i.e., 6TGN, MeTIMP, MEMS, and self-report). Using no more than several knots, the natural spline (a special type of cubic splines) fits a very wide range of smoothly changing adherence effects. The adherence effects on EFS will be visualized graphically. This will be the primary approach for defining the critical level of adherence. To confirm the spline analysis results, will categorize the continuous adherence measures into multiple levels and estimate the effect of each adherence level.
- Prevalence of adherence to 6-MP by ethnicity (measured independently by 6TGN/MethylTIMP, MEMS?, Self-report) that has a significant impact on EFS [Up to 10 years]
Will describe the prevalence of non-adherence by race/ethnicity and compare the prevalence by using two-tailed chi-squared test (with a Yates' correction).
- Behavioral, socio-demographic predictors of adherence using the questionnaire data [Up to 10 years]
The reasons for non-adherence will be assessed. The relationship between adherence to 6-MP as reported by the patients/parents and the independent behavioral variables knowledge of medications, understanding of treatment regimen, extent of treatment side effects, length of treatment, and beliefs about the efficacy of the regimen, beliefs and attitudes towards health and medical care will be evaluated descriptively first using standard parametric or non-parametric tests, and then analytically by logistic regression (dichotomous adherence) or linear regression (continuous adherence).
- Pill-taking practices using the MEMS? data [Up to 169 days]
Using the MEMS? output data, the adherence report will be analyzed for: i) longest and shortest interval between doses in hours; ii) percent prescribed doses taken, and iii) percent prescribed doses taken on schedule.
- Impact of adherence (measured independently by 6TGN/MethylTIMP, MEMS, self-report) on ethnic/racial differences in EFS [Up to 10 years]
Will fit independent Cox?s proportional-hazard models to assess the impact of adherence measure on EFS, after adjusting for known predictors of disease outcome, including the National Cancer Institute risk group (based on the age at diagnosis and presenting white cell count) and chromosomal abnormalities.
Secondary Outcome Measures
- Concordance among red cell thiopurine metabolite levels, electronic pill monitoring, and self-reported adherence among the ethnic/racial groups [Up to 168 days]
Correlations between mean dosage- and TPMT-normalized serial red cell 6-MP metabolites and mean adherence by electronic pill monitoring system and self-report will be assessed for statistical significance by Spearman's rank correlation coefficient.
Eligibility Criteria
Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
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Diagnosis of ALL in first remission, irrespective of risk stratification; enrollment on a Children's Oncology Group (COG) therapeutic study for ALL is not required, but the treatment plan must meet the criteria in this protocol
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Belongs to one of the four following ethnic/racial categories: African-American, Asian, Caucasian, or Hispanic; below please find definitions for these categories
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African-American: includes patients who are African-American or of sub-Saharan black African ancestry
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Asian: patients of Asian ancestry, including the following: Asian Indian (subcontinent), Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Native Hawaiian, Guamanian or Chamorro, Pacific Islander, Filipino, Vietnamese, Samoan, Hmong, Cambodian, Thai, Laotian, or Other Asian races
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Caucasian: includes White or light-skinned patients of European, North African, or Middle Eastern ancestry
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Hispanic: patients of Hispanic ethnicity, including the following: Mexican, Mexican American, Chicano, Cuban, Puerto Rican, or Other Spanish/Hispanic/Latino ethnicity
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Receiving self- or parent/caregiver-administered oral anti-metabolite chemotherapy during the maintenance/continuation phase of therapy; patients are eligible if their treatment plan calls for the following doses of 6-MP and methotrexate (MTX) during the maintenance/continuation phase: 6-MP ? 75 mg/m2/day orally; MTX 20 mg/m2/week orally;** (modification of 6-MP or MTX dosing based on laboratory or clinical parameters is acceptable)
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For guidance regarding if and when a patient being treated on or according to a specific COG (or legacy group) protocol is eligible, please refer to ?AALL03N1 Eligibility by Protocol Tool,? available in the study data forms packet on the COG website
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Has completed at least 24 weeks of maintenance/continuation chemotherapy, and is scheduled to receive at least 24 more weeks of maintenance/continuation chemotherapy**
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For guidance regarding if and when a patient being treated on or according to a specific COG (or legacy group) protocol is eligible, please refer to ?AALL03N1 Eligibility by Protocol Tool,? available in the study data forms packet on the COG website
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Written informed consent from the patient and/or the patient?s legally authorized guardian, obtained prior to registration and any study-related procedures, and in accordance with institutional policies approved by the United States (U.S) Department of Health and Human Services
Exclusion Criteria:
- Patients of multi-ethnic/multi-racial backgrounds are not eligible for this study; while patients of multi-ethnic/multi-racial ancestry (e.g., Caucasian/Japanese, Hawaiian/Puerto Rican) are not eligible, patients of mixed ancestry within a race/ethnicity (e.g., Japanese/Chinese = Asian or Korean/Japanese/Hawaiian = Asian or Mexican/Puerto Rican = Hispanic) may participate as long as they fall under the general classification of "African-American," "Asian," "Caucasian," or "Hispanic"
Contacts and Locations
Locations
Site | City | State | Country | Postal Code | |
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1 | Children's Hospital of Alabama | Birmingham | Alabama | United States | 35233 |
2 | University of Alabama at Birmingham Cancer Center | Birmingham | Alabama | United States | 35233 |
3 | University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences | Little Rock | Arkansas | United States | 72205 |
4 | Kaiser Permanente Downey Medical Center | Downey | California | United States | 90242 |
5 | City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center | Duarte | California | United States | 91010 |
6 | Loma Linda University Medical Center | Loma Linda | California | United States | 92354 |
7 | Miller Children's and Women's Hospital Long Beach | Long Beach | California | United States | 90806 |
8 | Children's Hospital Los Angeles | Los Angeles | California | United States | 90027 |
9 | Mattel Children's Hospital UCLA | Los Angeles | California | United States | 90095 |
10 | UCLA / Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center | Los Angeles | California | United States | 90095 |
11 | Valley Children's Hospital | Madera | California | United States | 93636 |
12 | Children's Hospital and Research Center at Oakland | Oakland | California | United States | 94609-1809 |
13 | Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford University | Palo Alto | California | United States | 94304 |
14 | University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center | Sacramento | California | United States | 95817 |
15 | Rady Children's Hospital - San Diego | San Diego | California | United States | 92123 |
16 | UCSF Medical Center-Parnassus | San Francisco | California | United States | 94143 |
17 | Harbor-University of California at Los Angeles Medical Center | Torrance | California | United States | 90502 |
18 | Children's Hospital Colorado | Aurora | Colorado | United States | 80045 |
19 | University of Connecticut | Farmington | Connecticut | United States | 06030 |
20 | Connecticut Children's Medical Center | Hartford | Connecticut | United States | 06106 |
21 | Yale University | New Haven | Connecticut | United States | 06520 |
22 | Alfred I duPont Hospital for Children | Wilmington | Delaware | United States | 19803 |
23 | MedStar Georgetown University Hospital | Washington | District of Columbia | United States | 20007 |
24 | Children's National Medical Center | Washington | District of Columbia | United States | 20010 |
25 | Lee Memorial Health System | Fort Myers | Florida | United States | 33901 |
26 | University of Florida Health Science Center - Gainesville | Gainesville | Florida | United States | 32610 |
27 | Memorial Regional Hospital/Joe DiMaggio Children's Hospital | Hollywood | Florida | United States | 33021 |
28 | Nemours Children's Clinic-Jacksonville | Jacksonville | Florida | United States | 32207 |
29 | University of Miami Miller School of Medicine-Sylvester Cancer Center | Miami | Florida | United States | 33136 |
30 | Miami Cancer Institute | Miami | Florida | United States | 33176 |
31 | AdventHealth Orlando | Orlando | Florida | United States | 32803 |
32 | Nemours Children's Clinic - Orlando | Orlando | Florida | United States | 32806 |
33 | Nemours Children's Clinic - Pensacola | Pensacola | Florida | United States | 32504 |
34 | Sacred Heart Hospital | Pensacola | Florida | United States | 32504 |
35 | Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital | Saint Petersburg | Florida | United States | 33701 |
36 | Saint Joseph's Hospital/Children's Hospital-Tampa | Tampa | Florida | United States | 33607 |
37 | Children's Healthcare of Atlanta - Egleston | Atlanta | Georgia | United States | 30322 |
38 | Augusta University Medical Center | Augusta | Georgia | United States | 30912 |
39 | University of Hawaii Cancer Center | Honolulu | Hawaii | United States | 96813 |
40 | Rush University Medical Center | Chicago | Illinois | United States | 60612 |
41 | University of Illinois | Chicago | Illinois | United States | 60612 |
42 | Loyola University Medical Center | Maywood | Illinois | United States | 60153 |
43 | Advocate Children's Hospital-Oak Lawn | Oak Lawn | Illinois | United States | 60453 |
44 | Advocate Lutheran General Hospital | Park Ridge | Illinois | United States | 60068 |
45 | Indiana University/Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center | Indianapolis | Indiana | United States | 46202 |
46 | Saint Vincent Hospital and Health Care Center | Indianapolis | Indiana | United States | 46260 |
47 | Blank Children's Hospital | Des Moines | Iowa | United States | 50309 |
48 | University of Kentucky/Markey Cancer Center | Lexington | Kentucky | United States | 40536 |
49 | Tulane University Health Sciences Center | New Orleans | Louisiana | United States | 70112 |
50 | Children's Hospital New Orleans | New Orleans | Louisiana | United States | 70118 |
51 | Eastern Maine Medical Center | Bangor | Maine | United States | 04401 |
52 | C S Mott Children's Hospital | Ann Arbor | Michigan | United States | 48109 |
53 | Wayne State University/Karmanos Cancer Institute | Detroit | Michigan | United States | 48201 |
54 | Ascension Saint John Hospital | Detroit | Michigan | United States | 48236 |
55 | Hurley Medical Center | Flint | Michigan | United States | 48503 |
56 | Helen DeVos Children's Hospital at Spectrum Health | Grand Rapids | Michigan | United States | 49503 |
57 | Spectrum Health at Butterworth Campus | Grand Rapids | Michigan | United States | 49503 |
58 | Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota - Minneapolis | Minneapolis | Minnesota | United States | 55404 |
59 | University of Minnesota/Masonic Cancer Center | Minneapolis | Minnesota | United States | 55455 |
60 | University of Mississippi Medical Center | Jackson | Mississippi | United States | 39216 |
61 | University of Missouri - Ellis Fischel | Columbia | Missouri | United States | 65212 |
62 | Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics | Kansas City | Missouri | United States | 64108 |
63 | Washington University School of Medicine | Saint Louis | Missouri | United States | 63110 |
64 | University of Nebraska Medical Center | Omaha | Nebraska | United States | 68198 |
65 | Nevada Cancer Research Foundation CCOP | Las Vegas | Nevada | United States | 89106 |
66 | Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center | Lebanon | New Hampshire | United States | 03756 |
67 | Hackensack University Medical Center | Hackensack | New Jersey | United States | 07601 |
68 | Saint Barnabas Medical Center | Livingston | New Jersey | United States | 07039 |
69 | Newark Beth Israel Medical Center | Newark | New Jersey | United States | 07112 |
70 | Saint Joseph's Regional Medical Center | Paterson | New Jersey | United States | 07503 |
71 | Overlook Hospital | Summit | New Jersey | United States | 07902 |
72 | University of New Mexico Cancer Center | Albuquerque | New Mexico | United States | 87102 |
73 | Montefiore Medical Center - Moses Campus | Bronx | New York | United States | 10467 |
74 | Brooklyn Hospital Center | Brooklyn | New York | United States | 11201 |
75 | Roswell Park Cancer Institute | Buffalo | New York | United States | 14263 |
76 | NYU Winthrop Hospital | Mineola | New York | United States | 11501 |
77 | Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center at NYU Langone | New York | New York | United States | 10016 |
78 | NYP/Columbia University Medical Center/Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center | New York | New York | United States | 10032 |
79 | Stony Brook University Medical Center | Stony Brook | New York | United States | 11794 |
80 | State University of New York Upstate Medical University | Syracuse | New York | United States | 13210 |
81 | New York Medical College | Valhalla | New York | United States | 10595 |
82 | Mission Hospital Inc-Memorial Campus | Asheville | North Carolina | United States | 28801 |
83 | Novant Health Presbyterian Medical Center | Charlotte | North Carolina | United States | 28204 |
84 | Duke University Medical Center | Durham | North Carolina | United States | 27710 |
85 | Wake Forest University Health Sciences | Winston-Salem | North Carolina | United States | 27157 |
86 | Children's Hospital Medical Center of Akron | Akron | Ohio | United States | 44308 |
87 | Rainbow Babies and Childrens Hospital | Cleveland | Ohio | United States | 44106 |
88 | Nationwide Children's Hospital | Columbus | Ohio | United States | 43205 |
89 | Dayton Children's Hospital | Dayton | Ohio | United States | 45404 |
90 | The Toledo Hospital/Toledo Children's Hospital | Toledo | Ohio | United States | 43606 |
91 | University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center | Oklahoma City | Oklahoma | United States | 73104 |
92 | Natalie Warren Bryant Cancer Center at Saint Francis | Tulsa | Oklahoma | United States | 74136 |
93 | Legacy Emanuel Hospital and Health Center | Portland | Oregon | United States | 97227 |
94 | Lehigh Valley Hospital - Muhlenberg | Bethlehem | Pennsylvania | United States | 18017 |
95 | Geisinger Medical Center | Danville | Pennsylvania | United States | 17822 |
96 | Children's Hospital of Philadelphia | Philadelphia | Pennsylvania | United States | 19104 |
97 | Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC | Pittsburgh | Pennsylvania | United States | 15224 |
98 | Rhode Island Hospital | Providence | Rhode Island | United States | 02903 |
99 | Prisma Health Richland Hospital | Columbia | South Carolina | United States | 29203 |
100 | Sanford USD Medical Center - Sioux Falls | Sioux Falls | South Dakota | United States | 57117-5134 |
101 | T C Thompson Children's Hospital | Chattanooga | Tennessee | United States | 37403 |
102 | East Tennessee Childrens Hospital | Knoxville | Tennessee | United States | 37916 |
103 | Vanderbilt University/Ingram Cancer Center | Nashville | Tennessee | United States | 37232 |
104 | Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center-Amarillo | Amarillo | Texas | United States | 79106 |
105 | Dell Children's Medical Center of Central Texas | Austin | Texas | United States | 78723 |
106 | Driscoll Children's Hospital | Corpus Christi | Texas | United States | 78411 |
107 | Medical City Dallas Hospital | Dallas | Texas | United States | 75230 |
108 | UT Southwestern/Simmons Cancer Center-Dallas | Dallas | Texas | United States | 75390 |
109 | Baylor College of Medicine/Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center | Houston | Texas | United States | 77030 |
110 | Covenant Children's Hospital | Lubbock | Texas | United States | 79410 |
111 | Methodist Children's Hospital of South Texas | San Antonio | Texas | United States | 78229 |
112 | University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio | San Antonio | Texas | United States | 78229 |
113 | Scott and White Memorial Hospital | Temple | Texas | United States | 76508 |
114 | Primary Children's Hospital | Salt Lake City | Utah | United States | 84113 |
115 | University of Vermont and State Agricultural College | Burlington | Vermont | United States | 05405 |
116 | Inova Fairfax Hospital | Falls Church | Virginia | United States | 22042 |
117 | Virginia Commonwealth University/Massey Cancer Center | Richmond | Virginia | United States | 23298 |
118 | Seattle Children's Hospital | Seattle | Washington | United States | 98105 |
119 | Providence Sacred Heart Medical Center and Children's Hospital | Spokane | Washington | United States | 99204 |
120 | Madigan Army Medical Center | Tacoma | Washington | United States | 98431 |
121 | West Virginia University Charleston Division | Charleston | West Virginia | United States | 25304 |
122 | Saint Vincent Hospital Cancer Center Green Bay | Green Bay | Wisconsin | United States | 54301 |
123 | Marshfield Medical Center-Marshfield | Marshfield | Wisconsin | United States | 54449 |
124 | Children's Hospital of Wisconsin | Milwaukee | Wisconsin | United States | 53226 |
125 | Princess Margaret Hospital for Children | Perth | Western Australia | Australia | 6008 |
126 | University of Alberta Hospital | Edmonton | Alberta | Canada | T6G 2B7 |
127 | British Columbia Children's Hospital | Vancouver | British Columbia | Canada | V6H 3V4 |
128 | IWK Health Centre | Halifax | Nova Scotia | Canada | B3K 6R8 |
129 | Kingston Health Sciences Centre | Kingston | Ontario | Canada | K7L 2V7 |
130 | Children's Hospital | London | Ontario | Canada | N6A 5W9 |
131 | Victoria Hospital | London | Ontario | Canada | N6K 1C2 |
132 | Hospital for Sick Children | Toronto | Ontario | Canada | M5G 1X8 |
133 | The Montreal Children's Hospital of the MUHC | Montreal | Quebec | Canada | H3H 1P3 |
134 | Allan Blair Cancer Centre | Regina | Saskatchewan | Canada | S4T 7T1 |
135 | Saskatoon Cancer Centre | Saskatoon | Saskatchewan | Canada | S7N 4H4 |
Sponsors and Collaborators
- Children's Oncology Group
- National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Investigators
- Principal Investigator: Smita Bhatia, Children's Oncology Group
Study Documents (Full-Text)
None provided.More Information
Publications
None provided.- AALL03N1
- NCI-2009-00305
- CDR0000459748
- 07-462
- AALL03N1
- COG-AALL03N1
- AALL03N1
- R01CA096670
- U10CA095861