Acute Effects of Cannabis on Everyday Life Memory
Study Details
Study Description
Brief Summary
This study will examine the acute effects of cannabis on various aspects of memory. Eligible participants will complete a drug screen followed by baseline measures of cannabis consumption patterns, level of intoxication, euphoria, anxiety, stress, and verbal intelligence. Next, participants will be randomly assigned to inhale vapor from cannabis containing 20mg THC or placebo; both cannabis and placebo will be obtained from the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). Participants will complete a battery of memory tests including tests of prospective, verbal, visuospatial, autobiographical, source, verbal working, visuospatial working, false, and temporal order memory. Memory tests will be completed across two blocks in a counterbalanced order. Ratings of intoxication, euphoria, anxiety, and stress will be obtained three additional times after drug/placebo administration. The investigators hypothesize that participants who are randomly assigned to inhale cannabis vapor will perform worse on all memory tests than participants who inhale the placebo.
| Condition or Disease | Intervention/Treatment | Phase |
|---|---|---|
|
Phase 2/Phase 3 |
Detailed Description
This study will examine the acute effects of cannabis on various aspects of memory (autobiographical memory, prospective memory, temporal order memory, false memory, source memory, verbal memory, visuospatial memory, working memory). The investigators hypothesize that participants who are randomly assigned to inhale cannabis vapor will perform worse on all memory tests than participants who inhale a placebo product.
Participants will meet the research assistant in The Health & Cognition (THC) lab testing room in the Department of Psychology at WSU. After obtaining written informed consent participants will be asked when they last used cannabis. Participants who report using cannabis that day will be rescheduled and will be reminded that they must abstain from any cannabis use on the day of the testing session and will be rescheduled for another day. Those who report abstinence on the day of the testing session will be asked to complete a commercially available 12-panel urine drug test to ensure they test positive for cannabis/THC but no other illicit drugs. Participants who don't test positive for cannabis/THC or who do test positive for other illicit drugs are not eligible and will not be permitted to complete the study.
Participants who pass the drug test (positive for cannabis/THC and negative for other illicit drugs) will then complete baseline measures of cannabis consumption patterns, level of intoxication, euphoria, anxiety, stress, and verbal intelligence.
Next, the researcher will bring the participant down to a separate secluded room for the vaping session. The researcher will take the Volcano Vaporizer pre-loaded with cannabis containing 20 mg of THC or placebo (the RA and participant will be blind to the product) out of the locked cabinet and position it directly under the fume hood. The researcher will turn the vaporizer on and will wait until it heats up to 360 degrees Fahrenheit. Once the vaporizer is at the correct temperature the research assistant will show the participant how to operate the vaporizer. The RA will then set up a Zoom videoconferencing session on a computer positioned so that she/he can observe and communicate with the participant from a remote lab room during the vapor session. This Zoom session will not be recorded. The fume hood will be turned on and the participant will be instructed to wait to vape the product until the RA joins them on the Zoom call. The RA will exit the vaping room, join the Zoom call from the testing room, then instruct the participant to activate the Volcano Vaporizer and let it continue to run until the bag is completely full of vapor. They will then be instructed to stop the device, remove the bag, position the mouthpiece, and begin inhaling the vapor. They will be instructed to inhale for 5 seconds, hold the vapor in their lungs for 10 seconds and then exhale into the "sploofy" under the fume hood. They will then be asked to wait for 40 seconds before inhaling again for 5 seconds and holding for 10 seconds. This will be continued until the participant has inhaled 2 bags of vapor. The RA will count the total number of hits/puffs and bags the participant inhales.
After the vape session is complete, the RA will bring the participant back to the testing room to complete a battery of memory tests (completed across two blocks in a counterbalanced order always ending with the temporal order memory test). Before the first block and at the end of each block, participants will re-rate intoxication, euphoria, anxiety, and stress.
Finally, participants will be debriefed. They will then sit and play videogames and/or watch TV or read in the vaping room until it has been a total of 4 hours since their vape session ended, and they report feeling sober.
Cannabis will be obtained from the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). The specific strain and cannabinoid constituents contained in that strain will vary depending on what is available at the time of request. The investigators will request the highest potency cannabis that they have available at the time. Based on the products that have been available from NIDA, the strain will likely have less than 10% THC. Nevertheless, our plan for dosing considers potency (grams of flower x 1000 x %THC = mg THC) so for a higher potency product a smaller dose (grams of flower) will be required to administer 20mg of THC; while lower potency products will require somewhat larger doses (grams of flower).
Study Design
Arms and Interventions
| Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
|---|---|
| Experimental: Cannabis Participants will inhale vapor from cannabis containing 20mg THC. |
Drug: Cannabis
Participants will inhale vapor from cannabis containing 20mg THC.
|
| Placebo Comparator: Placebo Participants will inhale vapor from a placebo product. |
Drug: Placebo
Participants will inhale vapor from a placebo product.
|
Outcome Measures
Primary Outcome Measures
- Difficulties Rating Prospective Memory Test [This outcome will be assessed during the testing session, within one-hour post-treatment.]
Participants will be asked to remember to rate how difficult they found each test immediately after it is completed, using a 0 (not at all difficult) to 10 (extremely difficult) scale. The percentage of tests they remember to provide difficulty ratings for will be computed as the outcome of interest.
- Bell Ring Prospective Memory Test [This outcome will be assessed during the testing session, within one-hour post-treatment.]
Participants will be asked to try to remember to ring a desktop bell every 15 minutes during testing. A clock will be positioned on the table for them to refer to the time. The percentage of times they remembered to ring the bell after a 15 minute interval will be computed as the outcome of interest.
- Immediate Verbal Memory [This outcome will be assessed during the testing session, within one-hour post-treatment.]
Immediate verbal memory will be assessed using the immediate trials of the California Verbal Learning Test. For these trials, participants are read a list of 16 words and are asked to immediately recall the words three times in a row. The primary outcome of interest is the average number of words correctly recalled across the three immediate memory trials.
- Delayed Verbal Memory [This outcome will be assessed during the testing session, within one-hour post-treatment.]
Delayed verbal memory will be assessed using the long delay trial of the California Verbal Learning Test. For this trial, after a delay participants must recall as many words from the list of 16 words that was previously read to them during the immediate verbal memory trials. The primary outcome of interest is the number of words correctly recalled.
- Immediate Visuospatial Memory [This outcome will be assessed during the testing session, within one-hour post-treatment.]
Immediate visuospatial memory will be assessed using the immediate trials of the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test. For these trials, participants are shown a page with 6 geometric figures for 10 seconds. The figures are then removed from the participant's sight, and they are asked to draw as many of the figures as possible in their correct location. This is repeated once. The primary outcome of interest is the average accuracy score for the two trials, which can range from 0 to 12, with higher scores indicating better immediate visuospatial memory.
- Delayed Visuospatial Memory [This outcome will be assessed during the testing session, within one-hour post-treatment.]
Delayed visuospatial memory will be assessed using the delayed trial of the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test. For this trial, after a delay, participants must draw from memory the 6 geometric figures that they were previously shown during the immediate visuospatial memory trials. They will be asked to draw as many of the figures as possible in their correct location. The primary outcome of interest is the accuracy score, which can range from 0 to 12, with higher scores indicating better delayed visuospatial memory.
- Autobiographical Memory - Internal Details [This outcome will be assessed during the testing session, within one-hour post-treatment.]
The investigators will calculate the total number of internal details (i.e., details linked to specific spatiotemporal context) provided during participants' recall of three separate personal life memories. To obtain this outcome, participants will complete the Autobiographical Interview in which they must describe in as much detail as possible three events in which they were personally involved during the past year (but not the past week). One event will be positive, one negative, and one neutral. Participants will be asked to describe each event in as much detail as possible for a total of 5 minutes and indicate the approximate date and location that the event occurred. Their recalls will be audio recorded for subsequent transcription and coding of details.
- Autobiographical Memory - External Details [This outcome will be assessed during the testing session, within one-hour post-treatment.]
The investigators will calculate the total number of external details (i.e., details not linked to specific spatiotemporal context) provided during participants' recall of three separate personal life memories. To obtain this outcome, participants will complete the Autobiographical Interview in which they must describe in as much detail as possible three events in which they were personally involved during the past year (but not the past week). One event will be positive, one negative, and one neutral. Participants will be asked to describe each event in as much detail as possible for a total of 5 minutes and indicate the approximate date and location that the event occurred. Their recalls will be audio recorded for subsequent transcription and coding of details.
- Source Memory - Recall [This outcome will be assessed during the testing session, within one-hour post-treatment.]
Participants will be shown a list of basic words and pictures (e.g., book, swing). They will be told to read each word and name each picture. Participants will later be asked to recall as many words from the list as possible. The primary outcome of interest is the number of correctly recalled words.
- Source Memory - Recognition [This outcome will be assessed during the testing session, within one-hour post-treatment.]
Participants will be shown a list of basic words and pictures (e.g., book, swing). They will be told to read each word and name each picture. Participants will later complete a source memory recognition test which will require them to identify new items (words/pictures not shown to them), old words (words/pictures shown to them) and the source of each of the words identified as old (word or picture). The primary outcome of interest is the number of words identified as old for which the correct source judgement was made.
- Verbal Working Memory - Digit Span Forward [This outcome will be assessed during the testing session, within one-hour post-treatment.]
Verbal working memory will be assessed using the Forward portion of the Digit Span Test. For this test, participants are read lists of digits (of increasing lengths) and are asked to recall them in the same order. The primary outcome of interest is the total number of correct responses in the backwards portion of the test.
- Verbal Working Memory - Digit Span Backward [This outcome will be assessed during the testing session, within one-hour post-treatment.]
Verbal working memory will be assessed using the Backwards portion of the Digit Span Test. For this test, participants are read lists of digits (of increasing lengths) and are asked to recall them in reverse order. The primary outcome of interest is the total number of correct responses in the backwards portion of the test.
- Visuospatial Working Memory - Block Span [This outcome will be assessed during the testing session, within one-hour post-treatment.]
Visuospatial working memory will be assessed using the Corsi Block Tapping Test. An array of 9 blocks is positioned in front of the participant and the experimenter taps the blocks in a specific sequence and then asks the participant to tap the same blocks in the same order. This is repeated multiple times with different length sequences (3 blocks, 4 blocks, 5 blocks, and so on). The block span outcome will be calculated by determining the number of blocks in the longest sequence that the participant correctly repeated. The range of possible scores for this outcome range from 3 to 9, with larger block spans indicating better visuospatial working memory.
- Visuospatial Working Memory - Total Score [This outcome will be assessed during the testing session, within one-hour post-treatment.]
Visuospatial working memory will be assessed using the Corsi Block Tapping Test. An array of 9 blocks is positioned in front of the participant and the experimenter taps the blocks in a specific sequence and then asks the participant to tap the same blocks in the same order. This is repeated multiple times with different length sequences (3 blocks, 4 blocks, 5 blocks, and so on). The total score outcome will be calculated by counting the total number of sequences that were correctly repeated. The range of possible scores for this outcome range from 0 to 7, with higher scores indicating better visuospatial working memory.
- False Memory for Critical Lures - Free Recall [This outcome will be assessed during the testing session, within one-hour post-treatment.]
The immediate free recall trials of the Deese-Roediger-McDermott paradigm for false memory will administered. Participants will be read 5 lists of words. Each list will contain 15 words that all relate to one critical lure that is not included in the list (e.g., tired, bed, pillow, night, dream - critical lure sleep is never presented). Immediately after each list is presented participants will be asked to freely recall the list. The primary outcome of interest is the number of critical lures falsely recalled.
- False Recognition Memory for Critical Lures [This outcome will be assessed during the testing session, within one-hour post-treatment.]
The false memory recognition test of the Deese-Roediger-McDermott paradigm for false memory will be used to calculate total number of falsely recognized critical lures. After a delay, participants will be asked to indicate whether each word from a list of words was previously presented in a list during the free recall phase of the Deese-Roediger-McDermott paradigm. The list of words will include words that were previously presented, critical lures, words not presented that are highly related to words that were presented, and unrelated distractor words.
- False Recognition Memory for Related Words [This outcome will be assessed during the testing session, within one-hour post-treatment.]
The false memory recognition test of the Deese-Roediger-McDermott paradigm for false memory will be used to calculate total number of falsely recognized related words. After a delay, participants will be asked to indicate whether each word from a list of words was previously presented in a list during the free recall phase of the Deese-Roediger-McDermott paradigm. The list of words will include words that were previously presented, critical lures, words not presented that are highly related to words that were presented, and unrelated distractor words.
- False Recognition Memory for Unrelated Words [This outcome will be assessed during the testing session, within one-hour post-treatment.]
The false memory recognition test of the Deese-Roediger-McDermott paradigm for false memory will be used to calculate total number of falsely recognized unrelated words. After a delay, participants will be asked to indicate whether each word from a list of words was previously presented in a list during the free recall phase of the Deese-Roediger-McDermott paradigm. The list of words will include words that were previously presented, critical lures, words not presented that are highly related to words that were presented, and unrelated distractor words.
- Temporal Order Memory Recall [This outcome will be assessed during the testing session, within one-hour post-treatment.]
Participants will be asked to freely recall all the tests they completed as part of the test battery in the order in which they were completed. The order of each recalled test will be scored for accuracy and summed to yield the overall accuracy score. The outcome of interest is the overall accuracy score which can range from 0 to 11 with higher scores indicating better temporal order memory recall.
- Temporal Order Memory Recognition [This outcome will be assessed during the testing session, within one-hour post-treatment.]
Participants will be presented with cards describing each of the tests they completed, and they will be asked to organize them in the order in which the tests were administered. The order produced by the participant will be scored for accuracy against the correct order. The primary outcome of interest is the accuracy score which can range from 0 to 22 with higher scores indicating better temporal order memory recognition.
Secondary Outcome Measures
- Baseline Intoxication Rating [This outcome will be assessed at baseline (i.e., during the testing session but before treatment).]
Participants will be asked to rate how high they feel using a scale from (not high at all) to 10 (extremely high) prior to completing any study tasks.
- Post-treatment Intoxication Rating [This outcome will be assessed during the testing session, immediately after treatment.]
Participants will be asked to rate how high they feel using a scale from 0 (not high at all) to 10 (extremely high) after receiving treatment.
- Mid-testing Intoxication Rating [This outcome will be assessed during the midpoint of the testing session, 30 minutes after treatment.]
Participants will be asked to rate how high they feel using a scale from 0 (not high at all) to 10 (extremely high) during the middle of memory testing.
- Post-testing Intoxication Rating [This outcome will be assessed at the end of the testing session, one hour after treatment and after testing is complete.]
Participants will be asked to rate how high they feel using a scale from 0 (not high at all) to 10 (extremely high) after completing memory testing.
- Euphoria Rating Change Score (Baseline to Post-treatment) [This outcome will be computed from measures collected at baseline (i.e., during the testing session but before treatment) and immediately after treatment.]
Participants will rate their euphoria using a scale from 0 (not at all) to 10 (extremely) before completing any study tasks and again after receiving treatment. The change in euphoria ratings will be calculated.
- Euphoria Rating Change Score (Baseline to Mid-testing) [This outcome will be computed from measures collected at baseline (i.e., during the testing session but before treatment) and at the midpoint of testing (i.e., 30 minutes after treatment, when the first block of testing is complete).]
Participants will rate their euphoria using a scale from 0 (not at all) to 10 (extremely) before completing any study tasks and again in the middle of testing. The change in euphoria ratings will be calculated.
- Euphoria Rating Change Score (Baseline to Post-testing) [This outcome will be computed from measures collected at baseline (i.e., during the testing session but before treatment) and at the end of the testing session (i.e., one hour after treatment and after testing is complete).]
Participants will rate their euphoria using a scale from 0 (not at all) to 10 (extremely) before completing any study tasks and again after completing memory testing. The change in euphoria ratings will be calculated.
- Stress Rating Change Score (Baseline to Post-treatment) [This outcome will be computed from measures collected at baseline (i.e., during the testing session but before treatment) and immediately after treatment.]
Participants will rate their stress using a scale from 0 (not at all) to 10 (extremely) before completing any study tasks and again after receiving treatment. The change in stress ratings will be calculated.
- Stress Rating Change Score (Baseline to Mid-testing) [This outcome will be computed from measures collected at baseline (i.e., during the testing session but before treatment) and at the midpoint of testing (i.e., 30 minutes after treatment, when the first block of testing is complete).]
Participants will rate their stress using a scale from 0 (not at all) to 10 (extremely) before completing any study tasks and again in the middle of testing. The change in stress ratings will be calculated.
- Stress Rating Change Score (Baseline to Post-testing) [This outcome will be computed from measures collected at baseline (i.e., during the testing session but before treatment) and at the end of the testing session (i.e., one hour after treatment and after testing is complete).]
Participants will rate their stress using a scale from 0 (not at all) to 10 (extremely) before completing any study tasks and again after completing memory testing. The change in stress ratings will be calculated.
- Anxiety Rating Change Score (Baseline to Post-treatment) [This outcome will be computed from measures collected at baseline (i.e., during the testing session but before treatment) and immediately after treatment.]
Participants will rate their anxiety using a scale from 0 (not at all) to 10 (extremely) before completing any study tasks and again after receiving treatment. The change in anxiety ratings will be calculated.
- Anxiety Rating Change Score (Baseline to Mid-testing) [This outcome will be computed from measures collected at baseline (i.e., during the testing session but before treatment) and at the midpoint of testing (i.e., 30 minutes after treatment, when the first block of testing is complete).]
Participants will rate their anxiety using a scale from 0 (not at all) to 10 (extremely) before completing any study tasks and again in the middle of testing. The change in anxiety ratings will be calculated.
- Anxiety Rating Change Score (Baseline to Post-testing) [This outcome will be computed from measures collected at baseline (i.e., during the testing session but before treatment) and at the end of the testing session (i.e., one hour after treatment and after testing is complete).]
Participants will rate their anxiety using a scale from 0 (not at all) to 10 (extremely) before completing any study tasks and again after completing memory testing. The change in anxiety ratings will be calculated.
- Autobiographical Memory Valence (Positive) [This outcome will be assessed during the testing session, within one- hour post-treatment.]
After recalling a positive event during the Autobiographical Interview, participants must rate the emotional valence of the memory using a scale from -6 (extremely negative) to 0 (neutral) to 6 (extremely positive).
- Autobiographical Memory Valence (Negative) [This outcome will be assessed during the testing session, within one- hour post-treatment.]
After recalling a negative event during the Autobiographical Interview, participants must rate the emotional valence of the memory using a scale from -6 (extremely negative) to 0 (neutral) to 6 (extremely positive).
- Autobiographical Memory Valence (Neutral) [This outcome will be assessed during the testing session, within one- hour post-treatment.]
After recalling a neutral event during the Autobiographical Interview, participants must rate the emotional valence of the memory using a scale from -6 (extremely negative) to 0 (neutral) to 6 (extremely positive).
- Autobiographical Memory Arousal (Positive) [This outcome will be assessed during the testing session, within one- hour post-treatment.]
After recalling a positive event during the Autobiographical Interview, participants must rate how arousing the memory was using a scale from 0 (not at all) to 6 (extremely).
- Autobiographical Memory Arousal (Negative) [This outcome will be assessed during the testing session, within one- hour post-treatment.]
After recalling a negative event during the Autobiographical Interview, participants must rate how arousing the memory was using a scale from 0 (not at all) to 6 (extremely).
- Autobiographical Memory Arousal (Neutral) [This outcome will be assessed during the testing session, within one- hour post-treatment.]
After recalling a neutral event during the Autobiographical Interview, participants must rate how arousing the memory was using a scale from 0 (not at all) to 6 (extremely).
- Autobiographical Memory Vividness (Positive) [This outcome will be assessed during the testing session, within one- hour post-treatment.]
After recalling a positive event during the Autobiographical Interview, participants must rate how vivid the memory was using a scale from 0 (not at all) to 6 (extremely).
- Autobiographical Memory Vividness (Negative) [This outcome will be assessed during the testing session, within one- hour post-treatment.]
After recalling a negative event during the Autobiographical Interview, participants must rate how vivid the memory was using a scale from 0 (not at all) to 6 (extremely).
- Autobiographical Memory Vividness (Neutral) [This outcome will be assessed during the testing session, within one- hour post-treatment.]
After recalling a neutral event during the Autobiographical Interview, participants must rate how vivid the memory was using a scale from 0 (not at all) to 6 (extremely).
Other Outcome Measures
- Verbal Intelligence [This outcome will be assessed at baseline (i.e., during the testing session but before treatment).]
Participants will complete the Weschler Test of Adult Reading as an index of verbal IQ to ensure that participants are equivalent in this regard. This test simply requires participants to pronounce a list of basic words (e.g., treaties, knead, liaison). The outcome of interest is the total number of correctly pronounced words.
- Cannabis Consumption Patterns [This outcome will be assessed at baseline (i.e., during the testing session but before treatment).]
Participants will complete the Daily Sessions, Frequency, Age of Onset, and Quantity of Cannabis Use Inventory, which is a standardized, valid, and reliable measure of their cannabis consumption patterns. The information from this survey will be used to characterize the sample, determine covariates that should be controlled for in analyses.
- Drug Screen [This outcome will be assessed at baseline (i.e., during the testing session but before treatment).]
Participants will complete a 12-panel urine drug test to ensure they test positive for cannabis/THC but no other illicit drugs.
- Autobiographical Memory - Event Details [This outcome will be assessed from measures administered during the testing session, within one- hour post-treatment.]
The investigators will calculate the total number of event details (i.e., internal details about the remembered event itself) provided during participants' recall of three separate personal life memories. To obtain this outcome, participants will complete the Autobiographical Interview in which they must describe in as much detail as possible three events in which they were personally involved during the past year (but not the past week). One event will be positive, one negative, and one neutral. Participants will be asked to describe each event in as much detail as possible for a total of 5 minutes and indicate the approximate date and location that the event occurred. Their recalls will be audio recorded for subsequent transcription and coding of details.
- Autobiographical Memory - Perceptual Details [This outcome will be assessed from measures administered during the testing session, within one- hour post-treatment.]
The investigators will calculate the total number of perceptual details (i.e., internal details about sensations and perceptions experienced during the remembered event) provided during participants' recall of three separate personal life memories. To obtain this outcome, participants will complete the Autobiographical Interview in which they must describe in as much detail as possible three events in which they were personally involved during the past year (but not the past week). One event will be positive, one negative, and one neutral. Participants will be asked to describe each event in as much detail as possible for a total of 5 minutes and indicate the approximate date and location that the event occurred. Their recalls will be audio recorded for subsequent transcription and coding of details.
- Autobiographical Memory - Emotion/Thought Details [This outcome will be assessed from measures administered during the testing session, within one- hour post-treatment.]
The investigators will calculate the total number of emotion/thought details (i.e., internal details about emotions, thoughts, and opinions experienced during the remembered event) provided during participants' recall of three separate personal life memories. To obtain this outcome, participants will complete the Autobiographical Interview in which they must describe in as much detail as possible three events in which they were personally involved during the past year (but not the past week). One event will be positive, one negative, and one neutral. Participants will be asked to describe each event in as much detail as possible for a total of 5 minutes and indicate the approximate date and location that the event occurred. Their recalls will be audio recorded for subsequent transcription and coding of details.
- Autobiographical Memory - Place Details [This outcome will be assessed from measures administered during the testing session, within one- hour post-treatment.]
The investigators will calculate the total number of place details (i.e., internal details about locations and spaces during which the remembered event occurred) provided during participants' recall of three separate personal life memories. To obtain this outcome, participants will complete the Autobiographical Interview in which they must describe in as much detail as possible three events in which they were personally involved during the past year (but not the past week). One event will be positive, one negative, and one neutral. Participants will be asked to describe each event in as much detail as possible for a total of 5 minutes and indicate the approximate date and location that the event occurred. Their recalls will be audio recorded for subsequent transcription and coding of details.
- Autobiographical Memory - Time Details [This outcome will be assessed from measures administered during the testing session, within one- hour post-treatment.]
The investigators will calculate the total number of time details (i.e., internal details about the timing of the remembered event) provided during participants' recall of three separate personal life memories. To obtain this outcome, participants will complete the Autobiographical Interview in which they must describe in as much detail as possible three events in which they were personally involved during the past year (but not the past week). One event will be positive, one negative, and one neutral. Participants will be asked to describe each event in as much detail as possible for a total of 5 minutes and indicate the approximate date and location that the event occurred. Their recalls will be audio recorded for subsequent transcription and coding of details.
- Autobiographical Memory - Personal Semantic Details [This outcome will be assessed from measures administered during the testing session, within one- hour post-treatment.]
The investigators will calculate the total number of personal semantic details (i.e., external details about personalized facts) provided during participants' recall of three separate personal life memories. To obtain this outcome, participants will complete the Autobiographical Interview in which they must describe in as much detail as possible three events in which they were personally involved during the past year (but not the past week). One event will be positive, one negative, and one neutral. Participants will be asked to describe each event in as much detail as possible for a total of 5 minutes and indicate the approximate date and location that the event occurred. Their recalls will be audio recorded for subsequent transcription and coding of details.
- Autobiographical Memory - General Semantic Details [This outcome will be assessed from measures administered during the testing session, within one- hour post-treatment.]
The investigators will calculate the total number of general semantic details (i.e., external details about universal facts) provided during participants' recall of three separate personal life memories. To obtain this outcome, participants will complete the Autobiographical Interview in which they must describe in as much detail as possible three events in which they were personally involved during the past year (but not the past week). One event will be positive, one negative, and one neutral. Participants will be asked to describe each event in as much detail as possible for a total of 5 minutes and indicate the approximate date and location that the event occurred. Their recalls will be audio recorded for subsequent transcription and coding of details.
- Autobiographical Memory - Extraneous Event Details [This outcome will be assessed from measures administered during the testing session, within one- hour post-treatment.]
The investigators will calculate the total number of extraneous event details (i.e., external details about events tangential to the remembered event) provided during participants' recall of three separate personal life memories. To obtain this outcome, participants will complete the Autobiographical Interview in which they must describe in as much detail as possible three events in which they were personally involved during the past year (but not the past week). One event will be positive, one negative, and one neutral. Participants will be asked to describe each event in as much detail as possible for a total of 5 minutes and indicate the approximate date and location that the event occurred. Their recalls will be audio recorded for subsequent transcription and coding of details.
- Autobiographical Memory - Repeated Details [This outcome will be assessed from measures administered during the testing session, within one- hour post-treatment.]
The investigators will calculate the total number of repeated details (i.e., details repeated during memory recall) provided during participants' recall of three separate personal life memories. To obtain this outcome, participants will complete the Autobiographical Interview in which they must describe in as much detail as possible three events in which they were personally involved during the past year (but not the past week). One event will be positive, one negative, and one neutral. Participants will be asked to describe each event in as much detail as possible for a total of 5 minutes and indicate the approximate date and location that the event occurred. Their recalls will be audio recorded for subsequent transcription and coding of details.
- Autobiographical Memory - Other External Details [This outcome will be assessed from measures administered during the testing session, within one- hour post-treatment.]
The investigators will calculate the total number of other external details (i.e., metacognitions, editorializing) provided during participants' recall of three separate personal life memories. To obtain this outcome, participants will complete the Autobiographical Interview in which they must describe in as much detail as possible three events in which they were personally involved during the past year (but not the past week). One event will be positive, one negative, and one neutral. Participants will be asked to describe each event in as much detail as possible for a total of 5 minutes and indicate the approximate date and location that the event occurred. Their recalls will be audio recorded for subsequent transcription and coding of details.
Eligibility Criteria
Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
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Have used cannabis at least once a week for at least one year
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Willing to abstain from using any cannabis on the day of their scheduled testing session (minimum of 8 hours of abstinence)
Exclusion Criteria:
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Diagnosis of a serious psychiatric condition (psychosis, bipolar I, panic disorder)
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Family history of psychosis
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Diagnosis of a neurological disorder
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Diagnosis of a chronic medical condition (e.g., heart disease, diabetes)
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Diagnosis of a learning disability
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History of multiple concussions
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History of head injury that may impact cognition
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Being pregnant
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Lactating
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History of adverse experiences with cannabis (anxiety, panic attacks)
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Use of illicit drugs in the past 6 months
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Heavy alcohol use (>4 drinks, >4 times/week)
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Smoking/nicotine use
Contacts and Locations
Locations
No locations specified.Sponsors and Collaborators
- Washington State University
Investigators
- Principal Investigator: Ryan McLaughlin, PhD, Washington State University
- Principal Investigator: Carrie Cuttler, Washington State University
Study Documents (Full-Text)
None provided.More Information
Publications
None provided.- 19425-001