A Sequenced Behavioral and Medication Intervention for Cocaine Dependence
Study Details
Study Description
Brief Summary
This study will investigate a treatment strategy in which a computer-assisted behavioral intervention will be used to help individuals stop their use of cocaine. A medication will be combined with the behavioral treatment among those individuals who do not respond to the behavioral intervention alone. The primary hypothesis of the study is that among cocaine dependent individuals who fail to respond to an initial trial of behavioral therapy, a greater proportion of individuals will benefit from the combined treatment (behavior therapy plus medication) compared to individuals in the comparison group.
Condition or Disease | Intervention/Treatment | Phase |
---|---|---|
|
Phase 1/Phase 2 |
Detailed Description
Cocaine Dependence is associated with substantial social, physical, and neurobiological problems. Psychosocial treatments can be helpful for many individuals. However, a significant proportion of individuals do not benefit from counseling alone. Our research group has demonstrated that deficient dopamine transmission, predicts poor response to a behavioral treatment and that a regiment that included an agonist replacement strategy with stimulants maybe effective for promoting abstinence in severe cocaine dependent patients.
In this 15-week study 145 treatment-seeking cocaine dependent participants will receive a computer-assisted behavioral intervention based on the community reinforcement approach with contingency management (CRA + CM). The counseling approach will include both computer-assisted life skills training via and counseling. Individuals who fail to achieve abstinence will continue the behavioral treatment (CRA + CM) and will be randomly assigned to a behavioral therapy enhancement strategy that will include either Mixed Amphetamine Salts-Extended Release (80mg) or placebo.
Study Design
Arms and Interventions
Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
---|---|
Experimental: Computer-assisted CBT plus Mixed-Amphetamine Salts- Extended Release (MAS-ER) Patients who are randomized to the computer-assisted behavior therapy plus mixed amphetamine salts (extended release) arm will have their dose titrated to 80 mg or the maximum tolerated extended release mixed amphetamine salts daily. Participants will be asked to take the medication once per day in the morning or early afternoon and will be maintained on this schedule through week 14 of the trial. Computer-assisted behavior therapy based on the Community Reinforcement Approach (CRA) to treating cocaine dependence. CRA is skills based treatment program that incorporates coping skills development and contingency management. Participants will attend the clinic 3x per week and receive counseling 2x per week. |
Behavioral: Computer-assisted behavior therapy
TES is a computer-assisted therapy program delivered via effective informational and multimedia technologies, includes 32 core interactive, multimedia modules, beginning with basic cognitive behavioral relapse prevention skills (e.g. drug refusal skills) and moving on to improving psychosocial functioning, (e.g. employment status, social relations) and HIV risk reduction.
Other Names:
Drug: Mixed-Amphetamine Salts- Extended Release (MAS-ER)
80 mg/day of Mixed-Amphetamine Salts- Extended Release (MAS-ER) and computer -assisted CBT
Other Names:
|
Placebo Comparator: Computer-assisted CBT plus placebo Patients who are randomized to the Computer-assisted CBT plus placebo arm will have their medication dose titrated in a fix-flexible dose schedule matching the active medication arm. Participants will be asked to take the medication once per day in the morning or early afternoon and will be maintained on this schedule through week 14 of the trial. Computer-assisted behavior therapy based on the Community Reinforcement Approach (CRA) to treating cocaine dependence. CRA is skills based treatment program that incorporates coping skills development and contingency management. Participants will attend the clinic 3x per week and receive counseling 2x per week. |
Behavioral: Computer-assisted behavior therapy
TES is a computer-assisted therapy program delivered via effective informational and multimedia technologies, includes 32 core interactive, multimedia modules, beginning with basic cognitive behavioral relapse prevention skills (e.g. drug refusal skills) and moving on to improving psychosocial functioning, (e.g. employment status, social relations) and HIV risk reduction.
Other Names:
Drug: Placebo
Will receive computer -assisted CBT and placebo (instead of active Adderall-XR)
Other Names:
|
Outcome Measures
Primary Outcome Measures
- Those Achieving Three Consecutive Weeks of Cocaine Abstinence at the End of the Trial. [weeks 12-14 of trial]
The primary outcome measure will be a binary indicator (yes or no) of at least 3 consecutive weeks of urine toxicology confirmed self-reported abstinence during the last three weeks of the trial.
Eligibility Criteria
Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
-
Meets DSM-V criteria for cocaine use disorder.
-
Used cocaine at least four days in the past month.
-
Age 18-60.
-
Able to give informed consent and comply with study procedures
Exclusion Criteria:
-
Meets DSM-V criteria for bipolar disorder, schizophrenia or any psychotic disorder other than transient psychosis due to drug abuse.
-
Participants with MDD, with symptom severity that exceeds a HAM-D score of 20, and/or any other current Axis I psychiatric disorder as defined by DSM-V supported by the MINI that in the investigator's judgment are unstable, would be disrupted by study medication, or are likely to require specialized pharmacotherapy or psychotherapy during the study period.
-
History of seizures, unexplained loss of consciousness, or traumatic brain injury.
-
History of allergic reaction to candidate medication (amphetamine).
-
Significant current suicidal risk.
-
Pregnancy, lactation, or failure in sexually active female patients to use adequate contraceptive methods.
-
Unstable physical disorders which might make participation hazardous such as uncontrolled hypertension, acute hepatitis, uncontrolled diabetes.
-
Elevated transaminase levels (> 3x the normal limit).
-
Coronary vascular disease
-
History of failure to respond to a previous adequate trial of the candidate medication.
-
Current physiological dependence on any other substance other than nicotine or cannabis that would require a medically supervised detoxification.
-
Currently being prescribed psychotropic medication by another physician.
-
Are legally mandated (e.g. to avoid incarceration, monetary or other penalties, etc.) to participate in substance abuse treatment program.
-
Body Mass Index (BMI) < 18kg/m2. (amphetamine may produce weigh loss thus a minimum BMI cut-off is being used for study inclusion).
Contacts and Locations
Locations
Site | City | State | Country | Postal Code | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | STARS | New York | New York | United States | 10032 |
Sponsors and Collaborators
- New York State Psychiatric Institute
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
Investigators
- Principal Investigator: Frances R Levin, M.D., Columbia University/New York State Psychiatric Institute
Study Documents (Full-Text)
More Information
Additional Information:
Publications
- #6850
- R01DA034087-01A1
Study Results
Participant Flow
Recruitment Details | |
---|---|
Pre-assignment Detail | Of the 145 participants enrolled, 21 participants were designated as treatment responders during the first month of the psychosocial intervention and were not randomized. An additional 38 individuals were lost to follow-up or not eligible to be randomized prior to completing the first month of the intervention. Eighty-six participants continued to use cocaine through the first month of treatment and were randomized to receive either MAS-XR or Placebo at the beginning of treatment week 5. |
Arm/Group Title | Computer-assisted CBT Plus Mixed-Amphetamine Salts- Extended Release (MAS-ER) | Computer-assisted CBT Plus Placebo | Computer- Assisted CBT With Contingency Management |
---|---|---|---|
Arm/Group Description | Patients who are randomized to the computer-assisted behavior therapy plus mixed amphetamine salts (extended release) arm will have their dose titrated to 80 mg or the maximum tolerated extended release mixed amphetamine salts daily. Participants will be asked to take the medication once per day in the morning or early afternoon and will be maintained on this schedule through week 14 of the trial. Computer-assisted behavior therapy based on the Community Reinforcement Approach (CRA) to treating cocaine dependence. CRA is skills based treatment program that incorporates coping skills development and contingency management. Participants will attend the clinic 3x per week and receive counseling 2x per week. Computer-assisted behavior therapy: TES is a computer-assisted therapy program delivered via effective informational and multimedia technologies, includes 32 core interactive, multimedia modules, beginning with basic cognitive behavioral relapse prevention skills (e.g. drug refusal skills) and moving on to improving psychosocial functioning, (e.g. employment status, social relations) and HIV risk reduction. Mixed amphetamine salts: 80 mg/day of Mixed-Amphetamine Salts- Extended Release (MAS-ER) and computer -assisted CBT | Patients who are randomized to the Computer-assisted CBT plus placebo arm will have their medication dose titrated in a fix-flexible dose schedule matching the active medication arm. Participants will be asked to take the medication once per day in the morning or early afternoon and will be maintained on this schedule through week 14 of the trial. Computer-assisted behavior therapy based on the Community Reinforcement Approach (CRA) to treating cocaine dependence. CRA is skills based treatment program that incorporates coping skills development and contingency management. Participants will attend the clinic 3x per week and receive counseling 2x per week. Computer-assisted behavior therapy: TES is a computer-assisted therapy program delivered via effective informational and multimedia technologies, includes 32 core interactive, multimedia modules, beginning with basic cognitive behavioral relapse prevention skills (e.g. drug refusal skills) and moving on to improving psychosocial functioning, (e.g. employment status, social relations) and HIV risk reduction. Placebo: Will receive computer -assisted CBT and placebo (instead of active Adderall-XR) | All participants received computer-assisted CBT with contingency management (CRA + CM) during the first 4 week period of the trial. |
Period Title: Initial CBT + CM (Pre-randomization) | |||
STARTED | 0 | 0 | 145 |
COMPLETED | 0 | 0 | 86 |
NOT COMPLETED | 0 | 0 | 59 |
Period Title: Initial CBT + CM (Pre-randomization) | |||
STARTED | 45 | 41 | 0 |
COMPLETED | 30 | 27 | 0 |
NOT COMPLETED | 15 | 14 | 0 |
Baseline Characteristics
Arm/Group Title | Computer-assisted CBT Plus Mixed-Amphetamine Salts- Extended Release (MAS-ER) | Computer-assisted CBT Plus Placebo | Non-randomized Individuals | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|
Arm/Group Description | Patients who are randomized to the computer-assisted behavior therapy plus mixed amphetamine salts (extended release) arm will have their dose titrated to 80 mg or the maximum tolerated extended release mixed amphetamine salts daily. Participants will be asked to take the medication once per day in the morning or early afternoon and will be maintained on this schedule through week 14 of the trial. Computer-assisted behavior therapy based on the Community Reinforcement Approach (CRA) to treating cocaine dependence. CRA is skills based treatment program that incorporates coping skills development and contingency management. Participants will attend the clinic 3x per week and receive counseling 2x per week. Computer-assisted behavior therapy: TES is a computer-assisted therapy program delivered via effective informational and multimedia technologies, includes 32 core interactive, multimedia modules, beginning with basic cognitive behavioral relapse prevention skills (e.g. drug refusal skills) and moving on to improving psychosocial functioning, (e.g. employment status, social relations) and HIV risk reduction. Mixed amphetamine salts: 80 mg/day of Mixed-Amphetamine Salts- Extended Release (MAS-ER) and computer -assisted CBT | Patients who are randomized to the Computer-assisted CBT plus placebo arm will have their medication dose titrated in a fix-flexible dose schedule matching the active medication arm. Participants will be asked to take the medication once per day in the morning or early afternoon and will be maintained on this schedule through week 14 of the trial. Computer-assisted behavior therapy based on the Community Reinforcement Approach (CRA) to treating cocaine dependence. CRA is skills based treatment program that incorporates coping skills development and contingency management. Participants will attend the clinic 3x per week and receive counseling 2x per week. Computer-assisted behavior therapy: TES is a computer-assisted therapy program delivered via effective informational and multimedia technologies, includes 32 core interactive, multimedia modules, beginning with basic cognitive behavioral relapse prevention skills (e.g. drug refusal skills) and moving on to improving psychosocial functioning, (e.g. employment status, social relations) and HIV risk reduction. Placebo: Will receive computer -assisted CBT and placebo (instead of active Adderall-XR) | Patients who were enrolled in the initial 4 week period and received CBT + CM but were not eligible to be randomized and did not enter the second randomized period of the trial. | Total of all reporting groups |
Overall Participants | 45 | 41 | 59 | 145 |
Age (years) [Mean (Standard Deviation) ] | ||||
Mean (Standard Deviation) [years] |
44.7
(10.1)
|
44.6
(9.8)
|
42.9
(10.1)
|
44.0
(10.0)
|
Sex: Female, Male (Count of Participants) | ||||
Female |
7
15.6%
|
8
19.5%
|
8
13.6%
|
23
15.9%
|
Male |
38
84.4%
|
33
80.5%
|
51
86.4%
|
122
84.1%
|
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) (Count of Participants) | ||||
Hispanic or Latino |
11
24.4%
|
9
22%
|
15
25.4%
|
35
24.1%
|
Not Hispanic or Latino |
34
75.6%
|
32
78%
|
44
74.6%
|
110
75.9%
|
Unknown or Not Reported |
0
0%
|
0
0%
|
0
0%
|
0
0%
|
Race (NIH/OMB) (Count of Participants) | ||||
American Indian or Alaska Native |
0
0%
|
0
0%
|
0
0%
|
0
0%
|
Asian |
1
2.2%
|
3
7.3%
|
1
1.7%
|
5
3.4%
|
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander |
0
0%
|
0
0%
|
0
0%
|
0
0%
|
Black or African American |
20
44.4%
|
17
41.5%
|
23
39%
|
60
41.4%
|
White |
19
42.2%
|
20
48.8%
|
22
37.3%
|
61
42.1%
|
More than one race |
3
6.7%
|
1
2.4%
|
9
15.3%
|
13
9%
|
Unknown or Not Reported |
2
4.4%
|
0
0%
|
4
6.8%
|
6
4.1%
|
Region of Enrollment (participants) [Number] | ||||
United States |
45
100%
|
41
100%
|
59
100%
|
145
100%
|
Number of days of cocaine use during prior 28 days (days) [Mean (Standard Deviation) ] | ||||
Mean (Standard Deviation) [days] |
11.4
(6.1)
|
13.9
(7.2)
|
12.2
(7.4)
|
12.6
(6.7)
|
Outcome Measures
Title | Those Achieving Three Consecutive Weeks of Cocaine Abstinence at the End of the Trial. |
---|---|
Description | The primary outcome measure will be a binary indicator (yes or no) of at least 3 consecutive weeks of urine toxicology confirmed self-reported abstinence during the last three weeks of the trial. |
Time Frame | weeks 12-14 of trial |
Outcome Measure Data
Analysis Population Description |
---|
[Not Specified] |
Arm/Group Title | Computer-assisted CBT Plus Mixed-Amphetamine Salts- Extended Release (MAS-ER) | Computer-assisted CBT Plus Placebo |
---|---|---|
Arm/Group Description | Patients who are randomized to the computer-assisted behavior therapy plus mixed amphetamine salts (extended release) arm will have their dose titrated to 80 mg or the maximum tolerated extended release mixed amphetamine salts daily. Participants will be asked to take the medication once per day in the morning or early afternoon and will be maintained on this schedule through week 14 of the trial. Computer-assisted behavior therapy based on the Community Reinforcement Approach (CRA) to treating cocaine dependence. CRA is skills based treatment program that incorporates coping skills development and contingency management. Participants will attend the clinic 3x per week and receive counseling 2x per week. Computer-assisted behavior therapy: TES is a computer-assisted therapy program delivered via effective informational and multimedia technologies, includes 32 core interactive, multimedia modules, beginning with basic cognitive behavioral relapse prevention skills (e.g. drug refusal skills) and moving on to improving psychosocial functioning, (e.g. employment status, social relations) and HIV risk reduction. Mixed amphetamine salts: 80 mg/day of Mixed-Amphetamine Salts- Extended Release (MAS-ER) and computer -assisted CBT | Patients who are randomized to the Computer-assisted CBT plus placebo arm will have their medication dose titrated in a fix-flexible dose schedule matching the active medication arm. Participants will be asked to take the medication once per day in the morning or early afternoon and will be maintained on this schedule through week 14 of the trial. Computer-assisted behavior therapy based on the Community Reinforcement Approach (CRA) to treating cocaine dependence. CRA is skills based treatment program that incorporates coping skills development and contingency management. Participants will attend the clinic 3x per week and receive counseling 2x per week. Computer-assisted behavior therapy: TES is a computer-assisted therapy program delivered via effective informational and multimedia technologies, includes 32 core interactive, multimedia modules, beginning with basic cognitive behavioral relapse prevention skills (e.g. drug refusal skills) and moving on to improving psychosocial functioning, (e.g. employment status, social relations) and HIV risk reduction. Placebo: Will receive computer -assisted CBT and placebo (instead of active Adderall-XR) |
Measure Participants | 45 | 41 |
Count of Participants [Participants] |
7
15.6%
|
5
12.2%
|
Adverse Events
Time Frame | During 15 weeks of trial, or length of individual's participation | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adverse Event Reporting Description | Adverse events are reported for those individuals randomized to either of the two arms MAS-ER or placebo as well as those non-randomized individuals who received CBT plus CM | |||||
Arm/Group Title | Computer-assisted CBT Plus Mixed-Amphetamine Salts- Extended Release (MAS-ER) | Computer-assisted CBT Plus Placebo | Non-randomized CBT Plus CM | |||
Arm/Group Description | Patients who are randomized to the computer-assisted behavior therapy plus mixed amphetamine salts (extended release) arm will have their dose titrated to 80 mg or the maximum tolerated extended release mixed amphetamine salts daily. Participants will be asked to take the medication once per day in the morning or early afternoon and will be maintained on this schedule through week 14 of the trial. Computer-assisted behavior therapy based on the Community Reinforcement Approach (CRA) to treating cocaine dependence. CRA is skills based treatment program that incorporates coping skills development and contingency management. Participants will attend the clinic 3x per week and receive counseling 2x per week. Computer-assisted behavior therapy: TES is a computer-assisted therapy program delivered via effective informational and multimedia technologies, includes 32 core interactive, multimedia modules, beginning with basic cognitive behavioral relapse prevention skills (e.g. drug refusal skills) and moving on to improving psychosocial functioning, (e.g. employment status, social relations) and HIV risk reduction. Mixed amphetamine salts: 80 mg/day of Adderall-XR and computer -assisted CBT | Patients who are randomized to the Computer-assisted CBT plus placebo arm will have their medication dose titrated in a fix-flexible dose schedule matching the active medication arm. Participants will be asked to take the medication once per day in the morning or early afternoon and will be maintained on this schedule through week 14 of the trial. Computer-assisted behavior therapy based on the Community Reinforcement Approach (CRA) to treating cocaine dependence. CRA is skills based treatment program that incorporates coping skills development and contingency management. Participants will attend the clinic 3x per week and receive counseling 2x per week. Computer-assisted behavior therapy: TES is a computer-assisted therapy program delivered via effective informational and multimedia technologies, includes 32 core interactive, multimedia modules, beginning with basic cognitive behavioral relapse prevention skills (e.g. drug refusal skills) and moving on to improving psychosocial functioning, (e.g. employment status, social relations) and HIV risk reduction. Placebo: Will receive computer -assisted CBT and placebo (instead of active Adderall-XR) | Fifty nine individuals who were not randomized and only exposed to CBT and CM. 21 participants were designated as treatment responders during the first month of the psychosocial intervention and were not randomized. An additional 38 individuals were lost to follow-up or not eligible to be randomized prior to completing the first month of the intervention. | |||
All Cause Mortality |
||||||
Computer-assisted CBT Plus Mixed-Amphetamine Salts- Extended Release (MAS-ER) | Computer-assisted CBT Plus Placebo | Non-randomized CBT Plus CM | ||||
Affected / at Risk (%) | # Events | Affected / at Risk (%) | # Events | Affected / at Risk (%) | # Events | |
Total | 0/45 (0%) | 0/41 (0%) | 0/59 (0%) | |||
Serious Adverse Events |
||||||
Computer-assisted CBT Plus Mixed-Amphetamine Salts- Extended Release (MAS-ER) | Computer-assisted CBT Plus Placebo | Non-randomized CBT Plus CM | ||||
Affected / at Risk (%) | # Events | Affected / at Risk (%) | # Events | Affected / at Risk (%) | # Events | |
Total | 1/45 (2.2%) | 1/41 (2.4%) | 4/59 (6.8%) | |||
Cardiac disorders | ||||||
atrial fibrillation | 0/45 (0%) | 0 | 0/41 (0%) | 0 | 1/59 (1.7%) | 1 |
Gastrointestinal disorders | ||||||
GI issue | 0/45 (0%) | 0 | 0/41 (0%) | 0 | 1/59 (1.7%) | 1 |
General disorders | ||||||
inpatient rehabilitation stay | 0/45 (0%) | 0 | 1/41 (2.4%) | 1 | 1/59 (1.7%) | 1 |
dehydration | 1/45 (2.2%) | 1 | 0/41 (0%) | 0 | 0/59 (0%) | 0 |
hernia | 0/45 (0%) | 0 | 0/41 (0%) | 0 | 1/59 (1.7%) | 1 |
Other (Not Including Serious) Adverse Events |
||||||
Computer-assisted CBT Plus Mixed-Amphetamine Salts- Extended Release (MAS-ER) | Computer-assisted CBT Plus Placebo | Non-randomized CBT Plus CM | ||||
Affected / at Risk (%) | # Events | Affected / at Risk (%) | # Events | Affected / at Risk (%) | # Events | |
Total | 26/45 (57.8%) | 11/41 (26.8%) | 2/59 (3.4%) | |||
Cardiac disorders | ||||||
hypertension | 6/45 (13.3%) | 6 | 2/41 (4.9%) | 2 | 0/59 (0%) | 0 |
Gastrointestinal disorders | ||||||
nausea | 9/45 (20%) | 9 | 2/41 (4.9%) | 2 | 0/59 (0%) | 0 |
constipation | 3/45 (6.7%) | 3 | 2/41 (4.9%) | 2 | 0/59 (0%) | 0 |
General disorders | ||||||
insomnia | 14/45 (31.1%) | 14 | 2/41 (4.9%) | 2 | 0/59 (0%) | 0 |
irritability | 5/45 (11.1%) | 5 | 3/41 (7.3%) | 3 | 0/59 (0%) | 0 |
headache | 3/45 (6.7%) | 3 | 3/41 (7.3%) | 3 | 1/59 (1.7%) | 1 |
appetite loss | 4/45 (8.9%) | 4 | 1/41 (2.4%) | 1 | 0/59 (0%) | 0 |
dry mouth | 4/45 (8.9%) | 4 | 1/41 (2.4%) | 1 | 0/59 (0%) | 0 |
Psychiatric disorders | ||||||
anxiety | 10/45 (22.2%) | 10 | 3/41 (7.3%) | 3 | 1/59 (1.7%) | 1 |
Limitations/Caveats
More Information
Certain Agreements
All Principal Investigators ARE employed by the organization sponsoring the study.
There is NOT an agreement between Principal Investigators and the Sponsor (or its agents) that restricts the PI's rights to discuss or publish trial results after the trial is completed.
Results Point of Contact
Name/Title | Kenneth Carpenter, PhD |
---|---|
Organization | New York State Psychiatric Institute |
Phone | 646-774-8181 |
kenneth.carpenter@nyspi.columbia.edu |
- #6850
- R01DA034087-01A1