The Correlation Between COVID-19 and Dysphagia in Adults With Swallowing Disorders
Study Details
Study Description
Brief Summary
This study aims to investigate the correlation between COVID-19 and dysphagia in adults. The population of the study consisted of those who applied to Bezmialem University, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Dysphagia Outpatient Clinic with the complaint of dysphagia. Patients older than 18 years of age, suffering from dysphagia and not having mental retardation were included in the study. Patients who did not have swallowing difficulties and refused to participate in the study were excluded.
Detailed Description
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is characterized by involvement in multiple tissues and organs throughout the body. Conditions related to COVID-19 itself or its treatment are known to be associated with swallowing function. Our study aimed to investigate the correlation between COVID-19 and dysphagia in adults who applied to our dysphagia outpatient clinic. Patients over the age of 18, who applied to the dysphagia outpatient clinic were included in our study. Patients' demographic and COVID-19 information were recorded. Swallowing impairment of the patients was evaluated with the fiberoptic endoscopic swallowing study (FEES). FEES was scored with the Penetration-Aspiration Scale (PAS). Eating Assessment Tool-10 (EAT-10) questionnaire was used to examine how the quality of life of the patients was affected by swallowing difficulties. Oral motor dysfunction (OMD) evaluation was performed by the clinician.
Study Design
Arms and Interventions
Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
---|---|
COVID-19 Group Patients with a history of COVID-19 infection and experiencing symptoms of dysphagia. |
|
Non-COVID-19 Group Patients who do not have a history of COVID-19 infection but experience symptoms of dysphagia. |
Outcome Measures
Primary Outcome Measures
- Flexible Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES) [Three Months]
Swallowing disorders of the patients were evaluated with fiberoptic endoscopic swallowing study (FEES).
- The Penetration - Aspiration Scale [Three Months]
The results of FEES was scored by the Penetration-Aspiration Scale. The Penetration - Aspiration Scale is an 8-point scale during instrumental swallowing assessments such as the fiberoptic endoscopic swallow study, both indicating the localization of the airway leak and demonstrating the response to the assessment.
- Oral Motor Dysfunction (OMD) [Three Months]
Oral motor dysfunction (OMD) assessment of the patients was performed by physical examination of the oropharyngeal mechanism. Lips, tongue, palate, cheeks, teeth, jaw, larynx, and oral reflexes were evaluated with 26 items in terms of lifting, pressing, extending, retraction, approximation, rolling, lateralization, movement, coordination, speed, tone, and strength. A scale of 1-4 was used for scoring (1=within functional limits, 2=mild impairment, 3=moderate impairment, 4=severe impairment). The total score ranged from 26 to 104, with higher scores indicating greater degree of impairment. Only a score of 26 was considered normal within functional limits.
- Cranial Nerve Examination [Three Months]
Nervus trigeminus (V. cranial nerve), Nervus facialis (VII. cranial nerve), Nervus glossopharyngeus (IX. cranial nerve), Nervus vagus (X. cranial nerve) and Nervus hypoglossus (XII. cranial nerve) which are five cranial nerves involved in swallowing function were evaluated by the clinician.
- Eating Assessment Tool-10 (EAT-10) [Three Months]
The Eating Assessment Tool-10 (EAT-10) was used to examine how the quality of life of the patients was affected because of their difficulty in swallowing.
Eligibility Criteria
Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
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Older than 18 years of age
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Suffering from dysphagia
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Not having mental retardation
Exclusion Criteria:
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Patients who did not have swallowing difficulties
-
Refused to participate in the study
Contacts and Locations
Locations
Site | City | State | Country | Postal Code | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Bezmialem Vakıf University | İstanbul | Eyüp | Turkey | 34230 |
Sponsors and Collaborators
- Bezmialem Vakif University
Investigators
- Principal Investigator: Gökhan C Törpü, BPT, Bezmialem Vakif University
- Study Director: Müberra Tanrıverdi, PhD, Bezmialem Vakif University
- Study Chair: Nahide Öztoprak, BPT, Bezmialem Vakif University
- Study Chair: Ömer F Çalım, PhD, Bezmialem Vakif University
- Study Chair: Orhan Özturan, PhD, Bezmialem Vakif University
Study Documents (Full-Text)
None provided.More Information
Publications
- Cheney DM, Siddiqui MT, Litts JK, Kuhn MA, Belafsky PC. The Ability of the 10-Item Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10) to Predict Aspiration Risk in Persons With Dysphagia. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2015 May;124(5):351-4. doi: 10.1177/0003489414558107. Epub 2014 Oct 30.
- Dziewas R, Warnecke T, Zurcher P, Schefold JC. Dysphagia in COVID-19 -multilevel damage to the swallowing network? Eur J Neurol. 2020 Sep;27(9):e46-e47. doi: 10.1111/ene.14367. Epub 2020 Jun 13. No abstract available.
- Vergara J, Lirani-Silva C, Brodsky MB, Miles A, Clave P, Nascimento W, Mourao LF. Potential Influence of Olfactory, Gustatory, and Pharyngolaryngeal Sensory Dysfunctions on Swallowing Physiology in COVID-19. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2021 Jun;164(6):1134-1135. doi: 10.1177/0194599820972680. Epub 2020 Nov 10.
- BezmialemVU-GCT-02