Skeletal Muscle Diacylglycerol and Sphingolipids - Impact of Localization and Species on Insulin Resistance in Humans

Sponsor
University of Colorado, Denver (Other)
Overall Status
Completed
CT.gov ID
NCT03077360
Collaborator
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) (NIH)
62
1
3
45.6
1.4

Study Details

Study Description

Brief Summary

The rationale for the proposed research is that elucidating changes in localized diacylglycerol (DAG) and sphingolipid species that predict insulin sensitivity will reveal specific localized lipids to target in therapeutics for type 2 diabetes. To attain the overall objective, the investigators propose three specific aims: 1. Identify the influence of sarcolemmal DAG and sphingolipids on cell signaling and insulin sensitivity before and after insulin sensitizing lifestyle interventions. Strong preliminary data shape the hypothesis that sarcolemmal 1,2-disaturated DAG and C18:0 ceramide species will decrease after insulin sensitizing lifestyle interventions, leading to less Protein kinase C (PKC) and Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activation, and enhanced insulin signaling. Skeletal muscle DAG and sphingolipid isomers, species, localization, and de novo synthesis will be measured before and after diet-induced weight loss or exercise training interventions in obese men and women. Insulin sensitivity will be measured using insulin clamps, and muscle lipids using Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS). 2. Determine the impact of mitochondrial/ER (endoplasmic reticulum) DAG and sphingolipids on mitochondrial function and ER stress in vivo, before and after insulin sensitizing lifestyle interventions. The investigators hypothesize, again based on preliminary data, that mitochondrial/ER sphingolipids will decrease, yet DAG will increase after insulin sensitizing lifestyle interventions, and each will associate with increased insulin sensitivity. Changes in sphingolipids will relate to increased mitochondrial function, less ER stress, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and acyl-carnitine formation, while changes in DAG will relate to increased mitochondrial content and dynamics. 3. Identify the effect of exogenous DAG and sphingolipids on mitochondrial function in vitro, before and after insulin sensitizing lifestyle interventions. The working hypothesis is that DAG and sphingolipids will reduce mitochondrial respiration and increase ROS and acyl-carnitine content, but will be attenuated after endurance exercise training. The proposed research is innovative because it represents a substantive departure from the status quo by addressing cellular compartmentalization of bioactive lipids. The investigators contribution will be significant by identifying key species and locations of DAG and sphingolipids promoting insulin resistance, as well as mechanisms explaining accumulation that could be modified by insulin sensitizing therapeutic interventions.

Condition or Disease Intervention/Treatment Phase
  • Behavioral: Lifestyle
N/A

Detailed Description

Accumulation of bioactive lipids such as diacylglycerol (DAG) and sphingolipids are one mechanism proposed to promote muscle insulin resistance. Recent data indicate these lipids are located in membranes, but the distribution and signaling of DAG and sphingolipids in specific cellular organelles which regulate insulin sensitivity is not known. There is a critical need to address these gaps in knowledge to design appropriate interventions to prevent and treat lipid-induced insulin resistance. The overall objective of this project is to determine the impact of changes in subcellular DAG and sphingolipid species, signaling, and metabolic function before and after insulin sensitizing lifestyle interventions. The investigators central hypothesis is that DAG and sphingolipids in muscle promote insulin resistance via mechanisms that are unique to location, type of lipid, and species. The rationale for the proposed research is that elucidating changes in localized DAG and sphingolipid species that predict insulin sensitivity will reveal specific localized lipids to target in therapeutics for type 2 diabetes. To attain the overall objective, the investigators propose three specific aims: 1. Identify the influence of sarcolemmal DAG and sphingolipids on cell signaling and insulin sensitivity before and after insulin sensitizing lifestyle interventions. Strong preliminary data shape the hypothesis that sarcolemmal 1,2-disaturated DAG and C18:0 ceramide species will decrease after insulin sensitizing lifestyle interventions, leading to less Protein kinase C (PKC) and Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activation, and enhanced insulin signaling. Skeletal muscle DAG and sphingolipid isomers, species, localization, and de novo synthesis will be measured before and after diet-induced weight loss or exercise training interventions in obese men and women. Insulin sensitivity will be measured using insulin clamps, and muscle lipids using Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS). 2. Determine the impact of mitochondrial/ER (endoplasmic reticulum) DAG and sphingolipids on mitochondrial function and ER stress in vivo, before and after insulin sensitizing lifestyle interventions. The investigators hypothesize, again based on preliminary data, that mitochondrial/ER sphingolipids will decrease, yet DAG will increase after insulin sensitizing lifestyle interventions, and each will associate with increased insulin sensitivity. Changes in sphingolipids will relate to increased mitochondrial function, less ER stress, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and acyl-carnitine formation, while changes in DAG will relate to increased mitochondrial content and dynamics. 3. Identify the effect of exogenous DAG and sphingolipids on mitochondrial function in vitro, before and after insulin sensitizing lifestyle interventions. The working hypothesis is that DAG and sphingolipids will reduce mitochondrial respiration and increase ROS and acyl-carnitine content, but will be attenuated after endurance exercise training. The proposed research is innovative because it represents a substantive departure from the status quo by addressing cellular compartmentalization of bioactive lipids. The investigators contribution will be significant by identifying key species and locations of DAG and sphingolipids promoting insulin resistance, as well as mechanisms explaining accumulation that could be modified by insulin sensitizing therapeutic interventions.

Study Design

Study Type:
Interventional
Actual Enrollment :
62 participants
Allocation:
Randomized
Intervention Model:
Parallel Assignment
Masking:
None (Open Label)
Primary Purpose:
Basic Science
Official Title:
Skeletal Muscle Diacylglycerol and Sphingolipids - Impact of Localization and Species on Insulin Resistance in Humans
Actual Study Start Date :
Feb 1, 2017
Actual Primary Completion Date :
Nov 19, 2020
Actual Study Completion Date :
Nov 19, 2020

Arms and Interventions

Arm Intervention/Treatment
Experimental: Weight loss only

Behavioral: Lifestyle
Lifestyle changes to lose weight or become more fit

Experimental: Exercise Only

Behavioral: Lifestyle
Lifestyle changes to lose weight or become more fit

No Intervention: Delayed Intervention Control

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

  1. Percent Change in Insulin Sensitivity Compared to Baseline Measurement. [Baseline and 12 weeks]

    Hyperinsulinemic/euglycemic clamp measured as glucose infusion rate in mg/kg/min.

  2. Percent Change in Localized Muscle Lipids Compared to Baseline [Baseline and 12 weeks]

    We measured changes in sarcolemmal, mitochondrial, nuclear and cytosolic lipids measured in pmol/ug protein after compared to before the interventions

  3. Percent Change in Body Weight Compared to Baseline Measurement [Baseline, 3 Months]

    This is the percent change in body weight for each group after the 12 week intervention.

Eligibility Criteria

Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study:
30 Years to 50 Years
Sexes Eligible for Study:
All
Accepts Healthy Volunteers:
Yes
Inclusion Criteria:
  • BMI: 30-40 kg/m2

  • Planned physical activity: <2 hrs/week

  • Glucose tolerance:

  1. Normal glucose tolerance (NGT) defined as:

  2. HbA1c of <5.7%,

  3. pre-diabetes as HbA1c of 5.7-6.4%, and

  4. type 2 diabetes as HbA1c of ≥6.5%

  5. pre-diabetes, and

  6. Type 2 diabetes

  • Oral contraceptive use: Yes or No as long as there is no change during the study

  • Thyroid status: TSH between 0.5-5.0 mU/L

Exclusion Criteria:
  • Currently taking
  1. Thiazolidinediones

  2. Insulin

  • Pregnant

  • Smoker (tobacco and any form of marijuana use)

  • Fasting triglycerides >400mg/dl

Contacts and Locations

Locations

Site City State Country Postal Code
1 University of Colorado Aurora Colorado United States 80045

Sponsors and Collaborators

  • University of Colorado, Denver
  • National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Bryan Bergman, University of Colorado, Denver

Study Documents (Full-Text)

More Information

Publications

None provided.
Responsible Party:
University of Colorado, Denver
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
NCT03077360
Other Study ID Numbers:
  • 16-1404
  • 5R01DK111559
First Posted:
Mar 10, 2017
Last Update Posted:
Jun 21, 2022
Last Verified:
May 1, 2022
Individual Participant Data (IPD) Sharing Statement:
No
Plan to Share IPD:
No
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Drug Product:
No
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Device Product:
No
Additional relevant MeSH terms:

Study Results

Participant Flow

Recruitment Details
Pre-assignment Detail 14 participants dropped out of the study prior to randomization.
Arm/Group Title Weight Loss Only Exercise Only Delayed Intervention Control
Arm/Group Description Lifestyle: Lifestyle changes to lose weight or become more fit Lifestyle: Lifestyle changes to lose weight or become more fit Control group, no intervention. Participants were offered all benefits of the interventions after study completion.
Period Title: Overall Study
STARTED 17 17 14
COMPLETED 17 16 12
NOT COMPLETED 0 1 2

Baseline Characteristics

Arm/Group Title Weight Loss Only Exercise Only Delayed Intervention Control Total
Arm/Group Description Lifestyle: Lifestyle changes to lose weight or become more fit Lifestyle: Lifestyle changes to lose weight or become more fit Control group, no intervention. Participants were offered all benefits of the interventions after study completion. Total of all reporting groups
Overall Participants 17 16 12 45
Age (years) [Mean (Standard Deviation) ]
Mean (Standard Deviation) [years]
39.6
(2.4)
39.6
(3.1)
39.8
(2.7)
39.65
(2.5)
Sex: Female, Male (Count of Participants)
Female
9
52.9%
8
50%
6
50%
23
51.1%
Male
8
47.1%
8
50%
6
50%
22
48.9%
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) (Count of Participants)
Hispanic or Latino
1
5.9%
2
12.5%
2
16.7%
5
11.1%
Not Hispanic or Latino
16
94.1%
14
87.5%
10
83.3%
40
88.9%
Unknown or Not Reported
0
0%
0
0%
0
0%
0
0%
Race (NIH/OMB) (Count of Participants)
American Indian or Alaska Native
0
0%
0
0%
0
0%
0
0%
Asian
1
5.9%
1
6.3%
1
8.3%
3
6.7%
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
0
0%
0
0%
0
0%
0
0%
Black or African American
1
5.9%
2
12.5%
2
16.7%
5
11.1%
White
15
88.2%
13
81.3%
9
75%
37
82.2%
More than one race
0
0%
0
0%
0
0%
0
0%
Unknown or Not Reported
0
0%
0
0%
0
0%
0
0%
Region of Enrollment (participants) [Number]
United States
17
100%
16
100%
12
100%
45
100%

Outcome Measures

1. Primary Outcome
Title Percent Change in Insulin Sensitivity Compared to Baseline Measurement.
Description Hyperinsulinemic/euglycemic clamp measured as glucose infusion rate in mg/kg/min.
Time Frame Baseline and 12 weeks

Outcome Measure Data

Analysis Population Description
[Not Specified]
Arm/Group Title Weight Loss Only Exercise Only Delayed Intervention Control
Arm/Group Description Lifestyle: Lifestyle changes to lose weight or become more fit Lifestyle: Lifestyle changes to lose weight or become more fit Control group, no intervention. Participants were offered all benefits of the interventions after study completion.
Measure Participants 17 16 12
Mean (Standard Error) [Percent change]
31.8
(8.8)
17.4
(8.7)
-4.8
(9.3)
2. Primary Outcome
Title Percent Change in Localized Muscle Lipids Compared to Baseline
Description We measured changes in sarcolemmal, mitochondrial, nuclear and cytosolic lipids measured in pmol/ug protein after compared to before the interventions
Time Frame Baseline and 12 weeks

Outcome Measure Data

Analysis Population Description
[Not Specified]
Arm/Group Title Weight Loss Only Exercise Only Delayed Intervention Control
Arm/Group Description Lifestyle: Lifestyle changes to lose weight or become more fit Lifestyle: Lifestyle changes to lose weight or become more fit Free living control group which performed intervention of their choice after finishing
Measure Participants 18 16 12
Mitochondrial triglyceride
-25
(6)
-30
(7)
5
(6)
Nuclear triglyceride
-20
(5)
-25
(5)
10
(3)
Nuclear 1,2-Diacylglycerol
20
(4)
25
(5)
-5
(1)
3. Primary Outcome
Title Percent Change in Body Weight Compared to Baseline Measurement
Description This is the percent change in body weight for each group after the 12 week intervention.
Time Frame Baseline, 3 Months

Outcome Measure Data

Analysis Population Description
[Not Specified]
Arm/Group Title Weight Loss Only Exercise Only Delayed Intervention Control
Arm/Group Description Lifestyle: Lifestyle changes to lose weight or become more fit Lifestyle: Lifestyle changes to lose weight or become more fit Control group, no intervention. Participants were offered all benefits of the interventions after study completion.
Measure Participants 17 16 12
Mean (Standard Error) [Percent]
-10.5
(0.9)
-0.5
(0.5)
0.5
(0.4)

Adverse Events

Time Frame 3 Months
Adverse Event Reporting Description
Arm/Group Title Weight Loss Only Exercise Only Delayed Intervention Control
Arm/Group Description Lifestyle: Lifestyle changes to lose weight or become more fit Lifestyle: Lifestyle changes to lose weight or become more fit Control group, no intervention. Participants were offered all benefits of the interventions after study completion.
All Cause Mortality
Weight Loss Only Exercise Only Delayed Intervention Control
Affected / at Risk (%) # Events Affected / at Risk (%) # Events Affected / at Risk (%) # Events
Total 0/17 (0%) 0/16 (0%) 0/12 (0%)
Serious Adverse Events
Weight Loss Only Exercise Only Delayed Intervention Control
Affected / at Risk (%) # Events Affected / at Risk (%) # Events Affected / at Risk (%) # Events
Total 0/17 (0%) 0/16 (0%) 0/12 (0%)
Other (Not Including Serious) Adverse Events
Weight Loss Only Exercise Only Delayed Intervention Control
Affected / at Risk (%) # Events Affected / at Risk (%) # Events Affected / at Risk (%) # Events
Total 0/17 (0%) 0/16 (0%) 0/12 (0%)

Limitations/Caveats

[Not Specified]

More Information

Certain Agreements

All Principal Investigators ARE employed by the organization sponsoring the study.

There is NOT an agreement between Principal Investigators and the Sponsor (or its agents) that restricts the PI's rights to discuss or publish trial results after the trial is completed.

Results Point of Contact

Name/Title Bryan Bergman
Organization University of Colorado Denver | Anschutz
Phone 303-724-1111
Email clinicalresearchsupportcenter@ucdenver.edu
Responsible Party:
University of Colorado, Denver
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
NCT03077360
Other Study ID Numbers:
  • 16-1404
  • 5R01DK111559
First Posted:
Mar 10, 2017
Last Update Posted:
Jun 21, 2022
Last Verified:
May 1, 2022