Study of Markers of Cosmic Radiation Exposure and Effect Among Flight Crews

Sponsor

National Cancer Institute (NCI) (NIH)

Overall Status

Completed

CT.gov ID

NCT00341900

Collaborator

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S. Fed), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH/CDC) (U.S. Fed)

134

Enrollment

Location

220.8

Actual Duration (Months)

0.6

Patients Per Site Per Month

Study Details

Study Description

Brief Summary

Ionizing radiation efficiently induces chromosomal aberrations (CA) and several studies of CA have now been conducted among small groups of flight crews. However, most of the studies only evaluated the unstable aberrations that reflect recent exposures, but not long-term cumulative cosmic radiation exposure. Chromosome painting by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a widely used and established cytogenetic method for detecting stable aberrations such as translocations. Thus, FISH can be used for estimating chromosomal damage from cumulative radiation exposure. No large studies of flight crews utilizing FISH have been conducted to date.

We propose a study to measure CA using FISH in a group of pilots estimated to have high comic radiation exposure based on flight histories, i.e., those with long duration flying international routes, and a comparison group of university faculty with minimal flying history. These measurements will be used to determine if pilots have elevated frequencies of CA (specifically stable translocations) as compared with the university faculty. In addition, the frequencies of CA will be examined in relation to the cumulative cosmic radiation dose to determine if there is a dose-response relationship. Individual cumulative doses will be calculated from pilot flight histories using a computer program developed by the FAA which estimates cosmic radiation does by accounting for changes in altitude and latitude, and the 11-year solar cycle at the time of the flight. We will collect information on age, lifestyle factors, diet, health history, family cancer history, and medical radiation exposures from personal interview and self-administered dietary questionaire. These factors may affect the CA frequency and so we plan to adjust for them in the statistical analyses.

Pilots will be identified based on the Allied Pilots Association roster and faculty from a commercial company that maintains a database of university faculty, including those in the Chicago area. Potential participants will be notified of the study by mail and recruited/screened for eligibility over the telephone. We will compensate participants $100 for their time. A field station will be set up at a medical or health clinic convenient to the participants, where interviews Will be conducted and a peripheral blood sample collected. Participants will be notified of the overall study results and may request their personal CA results at the end of the study. Participants may also choose to have additional blood drawn, however this blood sample will be anonymized so that it cannot be linked back to the participant. Genotypic variants in DNA repair (and possibly other) genes will be evaluated for an effect on CA frequency.

Condition or Disease	Intervention/Treatment	Phase
Frequency of Chromosome Aberrations

Detailed Description

In collaboration with the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), we proposed a study to measure CA using FISH in a group of pilots estimated to have high comic radiation exposure based on flight histories, i.e., those with long duration flying international routes, and a comparison group of university faculty with minimal flying history. These measurements will be used to determine if pilots have elevated frequencies of CA (specifically stable translocations) as compared with the university faculty. In addition, the frequencies of CA will be examined in relation to the cumulative cosmic radiation dose to determine if there is a dose-response relationship. Individual cumulative doses will be calculated from pilot flight histories using a computer program developed by the FAA which estimates cosmic radiation does by accounting for changes in altitude and latitude, and the 11-year solar cycle at the time of the flight. We will collect information on age, lifestyle factors, diet, health history, family cancer history, and medical radiation exposures from a self-administered study and dietary questionnaire. These factors may affect the CA frequency and so we plan to adjust for them in the statistical analyses.

Pilots were identified based on the Allied Pilots Association roster and faculty from a commercial company that maintains a database of university faculty, including those in the Chicago area. Potential participants will be notified of the study by mail and recruited/screened for eligibility over the telephone. We compensated participants $100 for their time and inconvenience. Two field stations were arranged at the O'Hare UIC medical clinic for pilots and at the UIC Health Services clinic (on campus) for the faculty, where interviews were conducted and a peripheral blood sample collected. Participants will be notified of the overall study results and may request their personal CA results at the end of the study. Participants may also choose to have additional blood drawn, however this blood sample will be anonymized so that it cannot be linked back to the participant. Genotypic variants in DNA repair (and possibly other) genes will be evaluated for an effect on CA frequency.

Study Design

Study Type:

Observational

Actual Enrollment :

134 participants

Observational Model:

Case-Only

Time Perspective:

Cross-Sectional

Official Title:

Study of Markers of Cosmic Radiation Exposure and Effect Among Flight Crews

Actual Study Start Date :

Nov 9, 2001

Actual Primary Completion Date :

Dec 31, 2016

Actual Study Completion Date :

Apr 3, 2020

Arms and Interventions

Arm	Intervention/Treatment
Case Male pilots with high cosmic radiation exposure

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

Chromosome translocation frequency [One time point]
Chromosome translocation frequency

Eligibility Criteria

Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study:

25 Years to 60 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study:

Male

Accepts Healthy Volunteers:

INCLUSION CRITERIA:

PILOTS:

Subjects will be Chicago based pilots who fly international flights out of Chicago.

Subjects must have worked at least 10 years as an international pilot.

EXTERNAL COMPARISON GROUP:

Subjects must be currently employed as university faculty from the Chicago area.

Pilots and External Comparison Group Subjects:

Age 35-54.

Non-Smoker (less than 100 lifetime cigarettes).

Male.

EXCLUSION CRITERIA:

PILOTS AND EXTERNAL COMPARISON GROUP SUBJECTS:

No personal history of cancer.

No history of chemotherapy.

No history of major diagnostic radiation therapy (e.g., radio-imaging that exposed the large bones or lymph nodes except for routine medical and dental x-rays).

No family history of hereditary diseases (ataxia telangiectasia, Fanconi's anemia, Bloom's syndrome, and xeroderma pigmentosum).

EXTERNAL COMPARISON GROUP SUBJECTS:

Must not have a history of excessive past air travel (defined as no more than an average of one international flight/year and one domestic flight/month).

No history of major illnesses, such as heart disease and diabetes.

Must not have been employed in a clinical or laboratory area that involves exposure to radiation and chemotherapeutic drugs.