Development Of Neuroimaging Methods To Assess The Neurobiology Of Addiction
Study Details
Study Description
Brief Summary
Background:
Abusing alcohol, drugs, and other substances can cause serious health problems. These substances also can affect brain function. Researchers want to learn more about brain function by using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This uses a magnetic field and radio waves to take pictures of the brain.
Objective:
To develop new ways to use MRI to study the brain.
Eligibility:
Healthy people 18 years of age or older.
Design:
Participants will be screened with a medical history, physical exam, and blood and urine tests.
They will answer questions about their drug use and psychiatric history. They will be asked about family history of alcoholism or drug abuse.
Participants will answer questions to see if they can participate in MRI.
Participants will have MRI scans. The scanner is a metal cylinder in a strong magnetic field. Participants will lie on a table that slides in and out of the cylinder. A device called a coil may be placed over the head.
Each sub-study will include up to 3 different MRI visits. Participants can be in multiple sub-studies. But they can have only 1 MRI per week and 20 per year.
During MRI visits, participants may have urine collected. They may get another MRI questionnaire.
Participants may have a clinical MRI brain scan. This may show physical problems in the brain.
During some scans, participants may perform simple movement, memory, and thinking tasks.
Participants may be connected to a machine to monitor brain activity during the scan. Small metal electrodes will be placed on the scalp. A gel will be placed in the space between the electrodes and the scalp.
| Condition or Disease | Intervention/Treatment | Phase |
|---|---|---|
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N/A |
Detailed Description
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Objectives: There are two main goals in this protocol, 1) to improve sensitivity as well as spectral and spatiotemporal resolutions in magnetic resonance (MR) studies assessing structural, neurochemical, hemodynamic and electrophysiological changes that occur in the human brain during the resting state as well as those that occur in response to novel sensory, motor, cognitive or emotional stimulation paradigms; and 2) to conduct pilot sub-studies, which are exploratory in nature, in order to gather enough information for hypothesis generation. The criterion for transition to a new full protocol will be a sufficient amount of information to generate a power analysis.
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Study population: We intend to complete studies in a healthy volunteers of 120 males and 120 females, 18 years or older.
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Design: We will design small projects as ideas pertinent to the theme of Addiction and conduct pilot sub-studies, each with up to 16 subjects, to optimize MR pulse sequences and/or functional MR imaging (fMRI) task paradigms. MR pulse sequences and/or fMRI task paradigms will be validated against appropriated gold-standard methods/tasks. These studies are required in order to maximize the sensitivity of new imaging techniques and fMRI tasks used for clinical and research applications that take advantage of 3T and 7T MRI scanners in the MR center. If an exploratory sub-study leads to results of interest and if a larger population is necessary to reach statistical significance, a separate protocol will be submitted with a priori hypotheses, specific study design and power analysis adapted from the pilot or exploratory sub-studies performed in the present protocol.
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Outcome parameters: Although multiple measures will be collected, the primary outcome will be amplitude and reliability of regional-specific BOLD fMRI signals.
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MRI: we will analyze measures such as the amplitude and the reliability of the test-retest measures of fMRI signals; functional connectivity metrics; tractography between seed and target regions of interest (diffusion tensor imaging, DTI); morphometry of brain regions (using automatic segmentation and voxel-brain morphometry, VBM); and brain metabolite levels in regions of interest (using MR spectroscopy, MRS).
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EEG (electroencephalography): we will quantify measures such as event or task-related potentials, and coherence between sensors or sources located close to the brain areas of interest. We are also quantifying blink rates from the electrooculogram (EOG).
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Behavioral measures during fMRI tasks: we will quantify measures such as reaction times and accuracy (using MRI compatible response pads) as well as eye movement (using MRI compatible eye trackers) and self-reports of the study experience (i.e. degree of interest and motivation and alertness).
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We may measure autonomic data during the course of the fMRI experiment (such as blood pressure, skin conductance, respiratory frequency and heart rate), which would correlate to the outcome measures.
Study Design
Arms and Interventions
| Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
|---|---|
| Experimental: Attentional Bias Task Subjects will briefly see two images side by side on a screen. Immediately after, a dot appears on the left or on the right. The subjects task is to press the left or right button, following the position of the image (left or right). Images can contain food-related items. We will also show short 1-minute food-related movies. Subjects will be asked to fast for three hours before this task begins. |
Other: In vivo MRS
1H MR spectroscopy to assess brain metabolites.
Other: fMRI
Three fMRI sessions to assess test-retest reliability of functional connectivity (FC) measures at rest and during task performance.
Other: Stimulation tasks
To be used in the context of fMRI to study blood-oxygenation-level dependent responses in the brain to sensory stimulation.
|
| Experimental: Cue Reactivity Task In this task subjects will view pictures of various items on the screen in front of them. Subjects will rate the items by how much they would like to have them. Subjects will choose how much they want the item by pressing a button. |
Other: In vivo MRS
1H MR spectroscopy to assess brain metabolites.
Other: fMRI
Three fMRI sessions to assess test-retest reliability of functional connectivity (FC) measures at rest and during task performance.
Other: Stimulation tasks
To be used in the context of fMRI to study blood-oxygenation-level dependent responses in the brain to sensory stimulation.
|
| Experimental: Delay Discounting Task Subjects will be asked to imagine whether they would receive money now or money later (in the future). The future money option may be several days from now or as far out as 6 weeks from now. For example, a s ubject may see a $100 option in 6 weeks or a $10 option now. Subjects will not receive actual money for participation in this task |
Other: In vivo MRS
1H MR spectroscopy to assess brain metabolites.
Other: fMRI
Three fMRI sessions to assess test-retest reliability of functional connectivity (FC) measures at rest and during task performance.
Other: Stimulation tasks
To be used in the context of fMRI to study blood-oxygenation-level dependent responses in the brain to sensory stimulation.
|
| Experimental: Motivational Reward Task Subjects will make a choice among some items presented on the screen in front of them. One of the items will be the winner item. The other items will be loser items. Each time a subject is presented with various items, they will choose the item they think is the winner item. Subjects will start with bonus points at the beginning of the task, so they can add more points to this amount as they continue to choose winner items. |
Other: In vivo MRS
1H MR spectroscopy to assess brain metabolites.
Other: fMRI
Three fMRI sessions to assess test-retest reliability of functional connectivity (FC) measures at rest and during task performance.
Other: EEG/EOG
Electroencephalography or electrooculography (EEG/ EOG) sessions to record electrical activity of the brain or measure corneo-retinal standing potentials.
Other: Stimulation tasks
To be used in the context of fMRI to study blood-oxygenation-level dependent responses in the brain to sensory stimulation.
|
| Experimental: NSPRD Task During the MRI scan, subjects will get small electric shocks through electrodes placed on one of their toes. The shocks feel like an elastic band snapping against the skin. Right after a shock, subjects will see a dot on the computer screen. Subejcts will press a button to rate the intensity of the shock. |
Other: In vivo MRS
1H MR spectroscopy to assess brain metabolites.
Other: fMRI
Three fMRI sessions to assess test-retest reliability of functional connectivity (FC) measures at rest and during task performance.
Other: NSPRD
To be used in conjunction with pupillometry in the context of fMRI to study blood-oxygenation-level-dependent responses to selective neurostimulation of pain fibers.
|
| Experimental: Reasoning Task Subjects will identify changes in various shapes when they are displayed on the screen in front of them. Some changes of the shapes may be that they were rotated, enlarged, or multiplied. Subjects will choose the changes in the shapes by pressing a button. |
Other: In vivo MRS
1H MR spectroscopy to assess brain metabolites.
Other: fMRI
Three fMRI sessions to assess test-retest reliability of functional connectivity (FC) measures at rest and during task performance.
Other: Stimulation tasks
To be used in the context of fMRI to study blood-oxygenation-level dependent responses in the brain to sensory stimulation.
|
| Experimental: Self-control Task During the MRI scan, subjects will do a task that requires close concentration. Subjects will be asked to respond quickly to images on the computer screen, during which they will hear distracting noises. The subject will be able to remove the distraction in order to complete the task. During some sub-study sessions, subjects will start with no money ($0) and may be able to earn up to $40 if they do not remove the distraction. At other sub-study sessions, subjects will start with $40 and may lose between 25 to $1 each time they remove the distraction. Subjects cannot lose more than $40 in these sessions. Compensation for this sub-study is up to $40 per session, depending on their performance. |
Other: In vivo MRS
1H MR spectroscopy to assess brain metabolites.
Other: fMRI
Three fMRI sessions to assess test-retest reliability of functional connectivity (FC) measures at rest and during task performance.
Other: Stimulation tasks
To be used in the context of fMRI to study blood-oxygenation-level dependent responses in the brain to sensory stimulation.
|
| Experimental: Spinner Task and MID Task (monetary incentive delay task) The Spinner task requires the subject to participate in a game of chance while lying in the MRI scanner. Subjects will be asked to respond by pressing a button. The MID task is a reaction time task. The MID Task tests how quickly a subject can press a button to hit a target on the screen in front of them. If the subject presses the button as soon as the target appears, the subject will score points. Subjects should try to score as many points as you can. |
Other: In vivo MRS
1H MR spectroscopy to assess brain metabolites.
Other: fMRI
Three fMRI sessions to assess test-retest reliability of functional connectivity (FC) measures at rest and during task performance.
Other: Stimulation tasks
To be used in the context of fMRI to study blood-oxygenation-level dependent responses in the brain to sensory stimulation.
|
Outcome Measures
Primary Outcome Measures
- The primary outcome will be amplitude and reliability of regional-specific BOLD fMRI signals. [end of study]
MRI: we will analyze measures such as the amplitude and the reliability of the test-retest measures of fMRI signals; functional connectivity metrics; tractography between seed and target regions of interest (diffusion tensor imaging, DTI); morphometry of brain regions (using automatic segmentation and voxel-brain morphometry, VBM); and brain metabolite levels in regions of interest (using MR spectroscopy, MRS).
- The primary outcome will be amplitude and reliability of regional-specific BOLD fMRI signals. [end of study]
EEG (electroencephalography): we will quantify measures such as event or task-related potentials, and coherence between sensors or sources located close to the brain areas of interest. We are also quantifying blink rates from the electrooculogram (EOG).
- The primary outcome will be amplitude and reliability of regional specific BOLD fMRI signals. [end of study]
Behavioral measures during fMRI tasks: we will quantify measures such as reaction times and accuracy (using MRI compatible response pads) as well as eye movement (using MRI compatible eye trackers) and self-reports of the study experience (i.e. degree of interest and motivation and alertness).
Secondary Outcome Measures
- Collection of autonomic data [end of study]
Autonomic data may be collected or observations made during the course of the experiment that will give further information about the state of the body and emotions during experiments (blood pressure, skin conductance, respiratory rate). Self-report data may be collected during the course of the experiment to assess the level of interest, boredom, alertness of the participants.
Eligibility Criteria
Criteria
- INCLUSION CRITERIA:
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Eighteen years or older.
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Ability to provide written informed consent as determined by physical examination and verbal communication. Capacity to consent will be determined by those obtaining the informed consent.
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Willingness to abstain from drug use on scheduled testing days.
EXCLUSION CRITERIA
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Positive urine pregnancy test in females.
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Presence of ferromagnetic objects in the body that are contraindicated for MRI of the head (including but not limited to pacemakers or other implanted electrical devices, brain stimulators, some types of dental implants, aneurysm clips, metallic prostheses, permanent eyeliner, implanted delivery pump, or shrapnel fragments) or fear of enclosed spaces as determined by the self-report checklist.
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Claustrophobia.
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Body weight >550 lbs, which is the weight limit of the MR scanner.
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Current or past DSM-IV or DSM-5 diagnosis of a psychiatric disorder (other than nicotine/caffeine use disorders) as determined by history and clinical exam including substance use disorder, alcoholism and alcohol dependence. Past history of a mental disorder as defined by DSM-IV or DSM-5 will be excluded only if it was severe enough as to require hospitalization (any length), or chronic medication management (more than 4 weeks), or that could impact brain function at the time of the study. Subjects receiving psychotherapy may be included in the study.
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Those with a binge drinking history every month continuously for the last 10 years will also be excluded. Binge drinkers are those who being female consume 4 or more drinks and males consume 5 or more drinks in one occasion at least once a month.
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Serious neurological disorder such as MS, Parkinson s Disease, ALS, sensory loss or peripheral neuropathy.
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Currently taking any psychoactive drugs such as Celexa (TM), Prozac (TM), Wellbutrin (TM), Zoloft (TM), and/or stimulants other than caffeine such as Adderall (TM), Dexedrine (TM) and Ritalin (TM). Subjects taking PRN medications (e.g., sleep medications) may be included in the study.
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Clinically significant laboratory or examination results.
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Study investigators and staff, as well as their superiors, subordinates and immediate family members (adult children, spouses, parents, siblings).
Subjects will not be excluded from enrollment onto this study if their urine test is positive for drugs. However, if they test positive on scheduled study procedure days involving MRI, the procedures will be postponed and rescheduled. We will allow for up to 3 rescheduled study days that were the result of positive urine drug screens. If the drug test is positive on the third rescheduled visit, the participant will be withdrawn from the study.
Contacts and Locations
Locations
| Site | City | State | Country | Postal Code | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, 9000 Rockville Pike | Bethesda | Maryland | United States | 20892 |
Sponsors and Collaborators
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA)
Investigators
- Principal Investigator: Dardo G Tomasi, Ph.D., National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA)
Study Documents (Full-Text)
None provided.More Information
Additional Information:
Publications
- Tomasi D, Caparelli EC, Chang L, Ernst T. fMRI-acoustic noise alters brain activation during working memory tasks. Neuroimage. 2005 Aug 15;27(2):377-86.
- Tomasi D, Wang GJ, Studentsova Y, Volkow ND. Dissecting Neural Responses to Temporal Prediction, Attention, and Memory: Effects of Reward Learning and Interoception on Time Perception. Cereb Cortex. 2015 Oct;25(10):3856-67. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhu269. Epub 2014 Nov 11.
- Tomasi D, Wang R, Wang GJ, Volkow ND. Functional connectivity and brain activation: a synergistic approach. Cereb Cortex. 2014 Oct;24(10):2619-29. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bht119. Epub 2013 May 3.
- 150186
- 15-AA-0186