Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy in Patients With Stage 2-4 Chronic Kidney Disease
Study Details
Study Description
Brief Summary
The study aims to evaluate the effect of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in patients with stage 2-4 chronic kidney disease
| Condition or Disease | Intervention/Treatment | Phase |
|---|---|---|
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N/A |
Detailed Description
Nephrolithiasis affects an estimated 5-10% of the general population, and this percentage continues to rise. It has a prevalence of 1.7% to 18% in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and nephrolithiasis-related CKD contributed to 3.2% of the total patients who started maintenance dialysis therapy.
The etiology of renal insufficiency in patients with nephrolithiasis is multifactorial and includes renal obstruction, recurrent urinary tract infections, frequent surgical interventions and coexisting medical disease.
According to National kidney foundation, chronic kidney disease is classified into 5 stages as follows:
Stage 1: Kidney damage with normal or elevated GFR < 90 ml/min/1.7 m2 Stage 2: Kidney damage with mildly decreased GFR 60-89 ml/min/1.7 m2 Stage 3: Moderately decreased GFR 30-59 ml/min/1.7 m2 Stage 4: Severely decreased GFR 15-29 ml/min/1.7 m2 Stage 5: Kidney Failure GFR>15 ml/min/1.7 m2 Management of nephrolithiasis in patients with CKD is often difficult. Options for preserving kidney function include watchful waiting, shockwave lithotripsy (SWL), an endourologic approach (Percutaneous nephrolithotomy or retrograde intra-renal surgery), laparoscopic surgery or conventional open surgery.
Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is considered as the gold standard intervention for large burden and complex renal stone disease and is associated with the highest stone free rates (SFRs). However, potentially significant complications include bleeding, sepsis, pleural and visceral injury. Therefore, the optimal management plan needs to be tailored to individual patient.
Serum creatinine level has been used as a crude index of renal function in studies of patients with CKD, but it is not reliable. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) should be used instead. GFR is the most accurate way to give health providers an estimate of functioning renal mass. Estimating GFR with the use of prediction equations is cost effective.
In this study, we will prospectively evaluate the effect of percutaneous nephrolithotomy on the estimated glomerular filtration rate in Patients With Stage 2-4 chronic kidney disease.
Study Design
Arms and Interventions
| Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
|---|---|
| Experimental: Case group Adult patients with age group ≥ 18 years old with renal stones candidate for PCNL with pre-operative estimated GFR less than 90 ml/min/1.7 m2 and ≥ 15 ml/min/1.7 m2. |
Procedure: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy
Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is a technique used to remove complex renal stones, or stones resistant to shockwave lithotripsy. A tube is placed through the incision in the kidney, under X-ray guidance, and renal stones are extracted by using nephroscope
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Outcome Measures
Primary Outcome Measures
- Estimation of GFR for all patients pre-operative [1 day pre-operative]
Estimation of GFR for all patients pre-operative by using body surface area based-Cockcroft-Gault formula (CG/ BSA). Body surface area based Cockcroft-Gault formula (CG/ BSA) = [(140- age) x weight in kilograms x (0.85 if female)] / (72 x serum creatinine in mg/dl). This formula expects weight to be measured in kilograms and creatinine to be measured in mg/dl.
- Estimation of GFR for all patients three months post-operative [3 months post-operative]
Estimation of GFR for all patients three months post-operative by using body surface area based-Cockcroft-Gault formula (CG/ BSA). Body surface area based Cockcroft-Gault formula (CG/ BSA) = [(140- age) x weight in kilograms x (0.85 if female)] / (72 x serum creatinine in mg/dl). This formula expects weight to be measured in kilograms and creatinine to be measured in mg/dl.
Eligibility Criteria
Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
- Adult patients with age group ≥ 18 years old with renal stones candidate for PCNL with pre-operative estimated GFR less than 90 ml/min/1.7 m2 and ≥ 15 ml/min/1.7 m2
Exclusion Criteria:
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Patients with chronic renal failure on regular dialysis.
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Patients with bleeding diathesis.
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Patients who are unfit for surgery.
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Pregnancy
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Patients who are refusing the participation in our study.
Contacts and Locations
Locations
No locations specified.Sponsors and Collaborators
- Assiut University
Investigators
- Study Director: Adel Kurkar, Assiut University
- Study Director: Ahmed Moeen, Assiut University
- Study Director: Amr Abo-Faddan, Assiut University
Study Documents (Full-Text)
None provided.More Information
Publications
- Edvardsson VO, Indridason OS, Haraldsson G, Kjartansson O, Palsson R. Temporal trends in the incidence of kidney stone disease. Kidney Int. 2013 Jan;83(1):146-52. doi: 10.1038/ki.2012.320. Epub 2012 Sep 19. Erratum in: Kidney Int. 2013 May;83(5):972.
- Gambaro G, Favaro S, D'Angelo A. Risk for renal failure in nephrolithiasis. Am J Kidney Dis. 2001 Feb;37(2):233-43. Review.
- Gopalakrishnan G, Prasad GS. Management of urolithiasis with chronic renal failure. Curr Opin Urol. 2007 Mar;17(2):132-5. Review.
- Gupta M, Bolton DM, Gupta PN, Stoller ML. Improved renal function following aggressive treatment of urolithiasis and concurrent mild to moderate renal insufficiency. J Urol. 1994 Oct;152(4):1086-90.
- Jones P, Aboumarzouk OM, Rai BP, Somani BK. Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy for Stones in Solitary Kidney: Evidence From a Systematic Review. Urology. 2017 May;103:12-18. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2016.10.022. Epub 2016 Nov 14. Review.
- Jungers P, Joly D, Barbey F, Choukroun G, Daudon M. ESRD caused by nephrolithiasis: prevalence, mechanisms, and prevention. Am J Kidney Dis. 2004 Nov;44(5):799-805.
- National Kidney Foundation. K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines for chronic kidney disease: evaluation, classification, and stratification. Am J Kidney Dis. 2002 Feb;39(2 Suppl 1):S1-266.
- PCNL in chronic kidney disease