Expanding the Click City Tobacco Prevention Program
Study Details
Study Description
Brief Summary
The goal of this study is to modify a smoking prevention program for 5th and 6th grade students to also target vaping e-cigarettes. Aims were to modify the program along with associated materials and to conduct a trial with 5th grade students in the school setting to see how well the updated program worked. Students either participated in the four-week computer based program or continued with their usual tobacco prevention curriculum.
This study showed that students who received the computer program reduced their intentions and willingness to use e-cigarettes or smoke in the future more than did students who used their usual tobacco curriculum.
| Condition or Disease | Intervention/Treatment | Phase |
|---|---|---|
|
N/A |
Detailed Description
Given the increase in prevalence of e-cigarette use among youth, we modified a smoking prevention program to not only target smoking but also vaping e-cigarettes. We conducted a pragmatic randomized trial with 5th grade students in schools across Arizona and Oregon to evaluate the effectiveness of the updated program in a "real-world" setting. Forty-five schools were randomized to the intervention condition, wherein students used the updated version of Click City®: Tobacco, or the control condition, wherein students were taught their usual tobacco prevention curriculum. Students in the intervention schools decreased their intentions and willingness to use e-cigarettes and cigarettes significantly, as compared to students in control schools. The intervention also significantly changed all etiological mechanisms. The effects on all outcomes of the intervention were similar as a function of state (Arizona vs Oregon), gender, ethnicity (Hispanic vs not Hispanic), and historical timing (prior to school closures in 2020 vs after schools re-opened in 2022). The intervention was also more effective for at-risk students, as defined by student's previous tobacco use, current family use and/or high in sensation seeking. Close to 90% of the students completed the entire program, and most completed it in 3 to 4 weeks, the expected time frame. The effectiveness of the updated Click City®: Tobacco was demonstrated in a "real world" setting and findings suggested that all students can potentially benefit from the program.
Study Design
Arms and Interventions
| Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
|---|---|
| Experimental: Intervention Participation consisted of a baseline assessment one-week prior to starting the program, and a follow-up assessment one-week following completion of the program. The expectation was that students complete two lessons a week of the computer-based program over a four-week period. |
Other: Click City®: Tobacco
A computer-based program assigned to students designed to prevent subsequent tobacco use. Students complete one 15 to 20 minute lesson two times a week for four weeks.
|
| Experimental: Control Students in control schools completed the baseline and follow-up assessments during the same week as students in their yoked intervention school. The expectation was that students would participate in the standard tobacco curriculum over this period. |
Other: Usual tobacco curriculum
Students complete their usual curriculum designed to prevent tobacco use
|
Outcome Measures
Primary Outcome Measures
- Decrease in Behavioral Intentions to vape e-cigarettes [six weeks]
intentions to vape e-cigarettes in the future
- Decrease in Behavioral Intentions to smoke cigarettes [six weeks]
Intentions to smoke cigarettes in the future
- Decrease in willingness to vape e-cigarettes [six weeks]
Willingness to vape e-cigarettes if the opportunity presented itself
- Decrease in willingness to smoke cigarettes [six weeks]
Willingness to smoke cigarettes if the opportunity presented itself
Secondary Outcome Measures
- Decrease favorable social images of smokers [six weeks]
Ratings of attributes describing what kids who smoke are like
- Decrease favorable social images of e-cigarette vapers [six weeks]
Ratings of attributes describing what kids who vape are like
- Decrease normative social images of smokers [six weeks]
Ratings of attributes describing what kids who smoke are like
- Decrease normative social images of vapers [six weeks]
Ratings of attributes describing what kids who smoke are like
- Decrease perception of friends approval of smoking [six weeks]
Perception of friends' approval of the use of each of three levels of cigarettes
- Decrease perception of friends approval of vaping [six weeks]
Perception of friends' approval of the use of each of three levels of cigarettes
- Increase perception of risk of second-hand smoke exposure [six weeks]
Perception of risk of three health problems resulting from being around a smoker a lot
- Increase perception of risk of second-hand vape exposure [six weeks]
Perception of risk of three health problems resulting from being around a vaper a lot
- Increase perception of risk of cumulative consequences of smoking [six weeks]
Perception of risk of getting three diseases as a result of three levels of length of smoking
- Increase perception of risk of cumulative consequences of vaping [six weeks]
Perception of risk of getting three diseases as a result of three levels of length of vaping
- Increase perception of risk of smoking each cigarette [six weeks]
Agreement with risk of smoking, as measured by two items
- Increase perception of risk of vaping each e-cigarette [six weeks]
Agreement with risk of vaping, as measured by two items
- Increase perception of risk of addiction from smoking [six weeks]
Perception of risk of addiction as a result of three levels of extent of smoking
- Increase perception of risk of addiction from vaping [six weeks]
Perception of risk of addiction as a result of three levels of extent of vaping
- Decrease perception of control over smoking [six weeks]
Perception of control over smoking after as a result of an increase in extent of smoking
- Decrease perception of control over vaping [six weeks]
Perception of control over smoking after as a result of an increase in extent of smoking
- Increase perception of risk of difficulty quitting smoking [six weeks]
Perception of difficulty in quitting smoking as a result of three levels of smoking
- Increase perception of risk of difficulty quitting vaping [six weeks]
Perception of difficulty in quitting vaping as a result of three levels of vaping.
Eligibility Criteria
Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
-
A 5th grade student in one of the recruited schools
-
Student speaks English as a first or second language
Exclusion Criteria:
-
Special needs students identified by the classroom teacher as a student who would not understand the questionnaire or the program
-
Teacher indicates that they cannot comprehend English.
Contacts and Locations
Locations
| Site | City | State | Country | Postal Code | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Oregon Research Behavioral Intervention Strategies, Inc. | Eugene | Oregon | United States | 97403 |
Sponsors and Collaborators
- Oregon Research Behavioral Intervention Strategies, Inc.
Investigators
- Principal Investigator: Judy A Andrews, Oregon Research Behavioral Intervention Strategies, Inc.
Study Documents (Full-Text)
None provided.More Information
Publications
None provided.- NCT 03682900