Effects of Yoga on Pulmonary Parameters, Posture, Body Awareness and Quality of Life Among Chronic Smokers

Sponsor

Yeditepe University (Other)

Overall Status

Completed

CT.gov ID

NCT05810298

Collaborator

(none)

Enrollment

Location

Arms

Actual Duration (Months)

10.7

Patients Per Site Per Month

Study Details

Study Description

Brief Summary

The aim of this study is to examine the effects of practicing pranayam (voluntary regulated breathing) and yogasana (standing poses of yoga) with subject education on vital capacity, respiratory muscle strength, spinal flexibility, body awareness, quality of life and nicotine dependence of smokers and non-smokers.

Condition or Disease	Intervention/Treatment	Phase
Smoking	Other: Asana Practice Other: Pranayam Practice (Rhythmic regulated breathing) Behavioral: Smoking Education Program	N/A

Detailed Description

When initial assesments will be completed, volunteers will be assigned to one of two possible sequences by their nicotine dependency. Smokers group (SG) or control group (CG).

All volunteers will receive an exercise program with Asana and Pranayam practices with the duration of 4 weeks.

All subjects will be assessed in terms of functional capacity, pulmonary functions, thoracic spine range of motion, postural analysis, respiratory muscle strength, body awareness, quality of life and nicotine dependence at the baseline and at the end of the study. Data will be collected from all the subjects at baseline and at the end of the study (4 weeks) by the same physiotherapist who also will supervise the exercise sessions.

Study Design

Study Type:

Interventional

Actual Enrollment :

32 participants

Allocation:

Non-Randomized

Intervention Model:

Parallel Assignment

Masking:

Single (Participant)

Primary Purpose:

Prevention

Official Title:

Effects of Pranayam (Voluntary Regulated Breathing) and Yogasana (Yoga Postures) on Posture, Pulmonary Parameters, Spine Flexibility, Body Awareness and Quality of Life Among Chronic Smokers

Actual Study Start Date :

Dec 22, 2022

Actual Primary Completion Date :

Mar 2, 2023

Actual Study Completion Date :

Mar 23, 2023

Arms and Interventions

Arm	Intervention/Treatment
Experimental: Smokers Group Education about smoking Asana practice (Only standing yoga poses with rhytmic breathing) Pranayam (Rhytmic regulated breathing)	Other: Asana Practice Yogasana training will be comprised of active movements when standing. Spine and limbs stretches eccentrically respecting the movement patterns of body without pushing limits. Transition in between poses will be synchronized with breathing pattern in zero resistance flow. The exercises will be done 2 days a week online under the supervision of physiotherapist. Total duration of standing poses training will last for 4 weeks. Other: Pranayam Practice (Rhythmic regulated breathing) Breathing exercises will be comprised of diaphragmatic breathing, holding the breath after inhaling deeply and exhaling passively or exhaling actively by contracting abdominal muscles and inhaling passively. The exercises will be done 2 days a week online under the supervision of physiotherapist. Total duration of breathing exercises will last for 4 weeks. Behavioral: Smoking Education Program The aim of the education is to increase awareness of subjects who are chronical smokers. The subject education will be performed at least once via face to face interview. Education topics will be covered basic information about harmful effects of habitual smoking and how to reduce the side effects of nicotine withdrawal.
Active Comparator: Control Group Asana practice (Only standing yoga poses with rhytmic breathing) Pranayam (Rhytmic regulated breathing)	Other: Asana Practice Yogasana training will be comprised of active movements when standing. Spine and limbs stretches eccentrically respecting the movement patterns of body without pushing limits. Transition in between poses will be synchronized with breathing pattern in zero resistance flow. The exercises will be done 2 days a week online under the supervision of physiotherapist. Total duration of standing poses training will last for 4 weeks. Other: Pranayam Practice (Rhythmic regulated breathing) Breathing exercises will be comprised of diaphragmatic breathing, holding the breath after inhaling deeply and exhaling passively or exhaling actively by contracting abdominal muscles and inhaling passively. The exercises will be done 2 days a week online under the supervision of physiotherapist. Total duration of breathing exercises will last for 4 weeks.

Arm

Intervention/Treatment

Experimental: Smokers Group

Education about smoking Asana practice (Only standing yoga poses with rhytmic breathing) Pranayam (Rhytmic regulated breathing)

Other: Asana Practice

Yogasana training will be comprised of active movements when standing. Spine and limbs stretches eccentrically respecting the movement patterns of body without pushing limits. Transition in between poses will be synchronized with breathing pattern in zero resistance flow. The exercises will be done 2 days a week online under the supervision of physiotherapist. Total duration of standing poses training will last for 4 weeks.

Other: Pranayam Practice (Rhythmic regulated breathing)

Breathing exercises will be comprised of diaphragmatic breathing, holding the breath after inhaling deeply and exhaling passively or exhaling actively by contracting abdominal muscles and inhaling passively. The exercises will be done 2 days a week online under the supervision of physiotherapist. Total duration of breathing exercises will last for 4 weeks.

Behavioral: Smoking Education Program

The aim of the education is to increase awareness of subjects who are chronical smokers. The subject education will be performed at least once via face to face interview. Education topics will be covered basic information about harmful effects of habitual smoking and how to reduce the side effects of nicotine withdrawal.

Active Comparator: Control Group

Asana practice (Only standing yoga poses with rhytmic breathing) Pranayam (Rhytmic regulated breathing)

Other: Asana Practice

Other: Pranayam Practice (Rhythmic regulated breathing)

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence [4 weeks]
Nicotine dependence will be evaluated with this test
Thoracic Spine Range of Motion [4 weeks]
Thoracic spinal elasticity will be evaluated with measuring rotational range of motion of T1-T2 spine using iPhone compass app. A strong and significant correlation was found between the Universel Goniometer and the Compass app by Furness et al. (2018), demonstrating good concurrent validity.
Pulmonary Function Tests [4 weeks]
Medical International Research Spirodoc® Spiro spirometry will be used to evaluate pulmonary functions of volunteers.
Respiratory Muscle Strength [4 weeks]
The Micro Medical Micro RPM respiratory pressure meter will be used to evaluate respiratory muscle strength.
New York Posture Rating Chart [4 weeks]
Different parts of body will be screened by the physiotherapist and observation data will be used to evaluate volunteers posture.
World Health Organization Quality of Life Assesment (WHOQOL-BREF) [4 weeks]
Turkish version of WHOQOL-BREF will be used in this study as given by WHO. This questionnaire will be used to provide numerical data on Quality of Life assesments of the volunteers.
Body Awareness Questionnaire(BAQ) [4 weeks]
Body Awareness Questionnaire(BAQ) will be used to provide numerical data on subjects body awareness. A Turkish validity study of BAQ was performed by Karaca and it's valid as well as reliable.

Eligibility Criteria

Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study:

18 Years to 60 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study:

All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers:

Yes

Inclusion Criteria:

Voluntary participation in research
Young healthy subjects who were aged between 18-60 years with or without daily cigarette smoking habit

Exclusion Criteria:

Allergic disorders or respiratory disorders
History of a major surgery in the last 2 years
Neurological diseases
Cardiovascular diseases which are contraindicates exercise
Fractures or orthopedic problems in upper or lower extremities
Systemic rheumatical diseases(Rheumatoid Arthritis, Ankylosing Spondilitis etc.)

Systemic diseases and respiratory disorders will be ruled out in the selected subjects by taking their detailed history and by their thorough clinical examination by the researcher.