TENS and Spasticity in Stroke Patients
Study Details
Study Description
Brief Summary
study aims to evaluate the efficacy of high and low frequency TENS on spasticity, strength and functional status in stroke patients. It may provide further knowledge concerning the use of TENS for motor impairments in stroke patients and may clarify ambiguities to some extent.
Condition or Disease | Intervention/Treatment | Phase |
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N/A |
Detailed Description
Despite the positive effects of electrical stimulation proved on motor impairments of affected limb, the evidence is still not conclusive. There still remains a question mark regarding the effectiveness and optimal stimulation parameters of TENS. there has been conflict regarding the TENS parameters (frequency, duration, intensity) among different studies. To date TENS parameters used in different studies to reduce spasticity range from frequency of 1.7-100 Hz, duration from 15-60 minutes and sessions from 1-30. The use of different parameters may account for the contradictory results related to effectiveness of TENS.
Study Design
Arms and Interventions
Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
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Experimental: High Frequency TENS high frequency TENS (100 Hz, 200 us) over the muscle belly of triceps and wrist extensors, for 5 days per week over 8 weeks combined with task related training. |
Device: High Frequency TENS
30 minutes of high frequency TENS (100 Hz, 200 us) over the muscle belly of triceps and wrist extensors, for 5 days per week over 8 weeks combined with task related training.
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Experimental: Low Frequency TENS low frequency TENS (20 Hz, 0.2 us) over the muscle belly of triceps and wrist extensors, for 5 days per week over 8 weeks with task related training. |
Device: Low Frequency TENS
30 minutes of low frequency TENS (20 Hz, 0.2 us) over the muscle belly of triceps and wrist extensors, for 5 days per week over 8 weeks. And combined with 30 minutes of TRT.
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Active Comparator: Task Related Training postural control, shoulder mobilization, weight bearing exercises, functional activities that will comprise of simple tasks to more advanced movement patterns |
Other: Task Related Training
Each session of TRT would include:
1. postural control, 2. shoulder mobilization, 3. weight bearing exercises 4. Functional activities that will comprise of simple tasks to more advanced movement patterns as follows:
Reaching activities
Forward supported reach with cane on tabletop
Reaching against gravity
Reaching overhead with active wrist/hand movements
Dynamic reaching to target e.g. catch a ball
Grasping, holding and release
Grasp, hold and release objects with gravity minimized
Pick up and move/release small objects on table
Pick up and move/release large objects without proximal support
Incorporate pinch grips in hold and release including stacking, lifting and overhead activity
Upper limb ADL
Brushing hair, putting on scarf
Opening bottles, turning off water tap
Writing, drawing
Folding of towels, hanging towels and setting table
Self-feeding
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Outcome Measures
Primary Outcome Measures
- Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) [8 weeks]
Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) is a subjective method used clinically to measure spasticity. It has verified validity to test spasticity. MAS is six point scale (0,1,2,3,4,5) with a 0 indicating no resistance and 5 indicating rigidity. It has good intra and inter-rater reliability with inter-rater reliability of r= 0.92 and intra-rater reliability at r=0.86.
Secondary Outcome Measures
- Manual Muscle Testing (MMT) [8 weeks]
MMT is used as a clinical procedure to test the strength of muscle. During procedure the therapist observe the muscle's ability to produce movement and respond to manual resistance to assign ordinal scores. 6 point scale is used to grade the muscle strength, (0,1,2,3,4,5) where 0 indicates no perceptible muscle contraction while 5 indicates maximum force generation by muscle against maximum resistance. The MMT has well established validity relative to other measures of muscle strength.
- Action Research Arm Test (ARAT) [8 weeks]
The action research arm test has been used to assess the ability of affected limb to perform activities. It consists of 19 items in which subject is asked to grasp, move and release objects of different shape and size. They are also asked to perform gross movements. Each item is scored on 4 point scale with 0 indicating no action can be performed and 3 indicating that action has been performed successfully within time. validity and reliability of ARA has been confirmed with intra-rater reliability ranging from 0.71-0.99.
Eligibility Criteria
Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
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Both male and female aged 40-70 years
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Middle cerebral artery (MCA) stroke
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6 months after stroke
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Mini-mental state examination (MMSE)more than 24
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Modified Ashworth scale score between1 and 2
Exclusion Criteria:
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Patients with multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury or with other pre-existing neurological disorders.
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Patients with orthopedic condition affecting upper extremity
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Patients with contraindication to TENS, like skin damaged etc.
Contacts and Locations
Locations
Site | City | State | Country | Postal Code | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Chandka Medical College Hospital | Larkana | Sindh | Pakistan |
Sponsors and Collaborators
- Riphah International University
Investigators
- Principal Investigator: Mirza Obaid Baig, MSPT(NMR), Riphah International University
Study Documents (Full-Text)
None provided.More Information
Publications
None provided.- REC01037 Komal Mazhar