Acetazolamide Challenge With Perfusion in the Prediction of Cerebral Vasospasm

Sponsor
University of Wisconsin, Madison (Other)
Overall Status
Completed
CT.gov ID
NCT03377049
Collaborator
(none)
11
1
1
35.6
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Study Details

Study Description

Brief Summary

The investigators propose a technique using cone beam CT perfusion (CBCTP) imaging with an acetazolamide challenge as a potential diagnostic tool to detect a defect in cerebral autoregulation at a time when it has not yet caused clinically apparent signs or symptoms. 30 participants will be enrolled at the University of Wisconsin - Madison and can expect to be on study for about 2 weeks.

Condition or Disease Intervention/Treatment Phase
Phase 4

Detailed Description

Acetazolamide or vasodilatory challenge should identify subjects having a abnormal cerebrovascular reactivity capacity. More specifically, after receiving the drug there will not be the expected increase in cerebral blood flow (CBF) in some of the subjects because they are already suffering from a disturbance in the vasculature's ability to respond to the signal for vasodilation. The investigators believe the presence of this deficit will be helpful in identifying patients who are at risk for potential brain ischemia due to this decreased capacity to autoregulate if/when clinically significant vasospasm occurs. The investigators predict that acetazolamide-activated regional cerebral blood flow studies will be more sensitive in the detection of mild cerebral vasospasm and will not just detect changes in cerebral blood flow as does standard perfusion imaging, but will provide information regarding changes in cerebrovascular reactivity. Under these circumstances, a better predictor of those patients at risk of cerebral infarction due to delayed vasospasm would be delineated. Identifying this "high-risk cohort" prior to the onset of clinically apparent symptoms would result in the institution of preventative measures such as triple H therapy.

The objective of this proposal is to conduct a feasibility study of acetazolamide activated C-arm cone beam CT perfusion (CBCTP) to determine its application in the prediction of symptomatic cerebral vasospasm (i.e. ischemia or stroke) in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. The initial plan is to obtain C-arm CBCTP pre- and post-intravenous infusion of 1g acetazolamide within 24 hours of symptom onset in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients. The hypothesis is that some of these patients that will later develop clinical vasospasm of a degree sufficient to cause cerebral ischemia. The investigators believe this cohort of patients will demonstrate altered cerebrovascular reactivity during the acetazolamide challenge at a time before there is either angiographic evidence of vasospasm or clinical evidence of abnormal perfusion.

Thus far in the pilot study,10 participants have been enrolled. The investigators have expanded enrollment to 30 participants. The data collected from research scans have thus far been reproducible and collected with clinical ease. There have been no complications with imaging acquisition and there have been no safety concerns for participants. Having so far achieved the study objectives with the initial 10 participants the protocol has been amended to allow for the larger cohort of 30 participants. With this larger sample size, the investigators will not only continue to assess safety and reproducibility, but also will hope to capture a large number of patients who develop vasospasm in order further assess the utility of the research study in its application as a screening diagnostic tool to predict the subsequent occurrence of delayed vasospasm in subjects with an acute aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Study Design

Study Type:
Interventional
Actual Enrollment :
11 participants
Allocation:
N/A
Intervention Model:
Single Group Assignment
Masking:
None (Open Label)
Primary Purpose:
Diagnostic
Official Title:
C-arm Cone Beam CTA and CTP With Acetazolamide Challenge in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Evaluating Predictability for Early Ischemia in Cerebral Vasospasm
Actual Study Start Date :
Jul 28, 2019
Actual Primary Completion Date :
Jul 15, 2022
Actual Study Completion Date :
Jul 15, 2022

Arms and Interventions

Arm Intervention/Treatment
Experimental: Acetazolamide Challenge

Participants entered into the study as a cohort, will because of their participation, undergo only two additional digital subtraction angiogram (DSA) imaging acquisitions. These will be done in conjunction with their standard diagnostic DSA evaluation and consist of two CBCTPs, one before and one after administration of 1 g acetazolamide through a peripheral IV line. Each CBCTP will require administration of 75-100 mL iodinated contrast medium also through an intravenous line. Neither of these imaging studies will be used for clinical decision making, but would be processed and evaluated at later date for a formal analysis of the results. Following completion of diagnostic imaging subjects will receive the usual standard of care for treatment of their ruptured aneurysm i.e. endovascular embolization or open surgical clipping.

Drug: Acetazolamide
1 g acetazolamide through a peripheral IV line
Other Names:
  • Diamox
  • Outcome Measures

    Primary Outcome Measures

    1. Number of Participants who Develop Delayed Cerebral Vasospasm [Day 1-14 during the hospitalization]

      Clinical neurological deterioration not attributable to other causes, mores specifically not due to re-bleeding, hydrocephalus, or metabolic changes.

    Secondary Outcome Measures

    1. Relative Percent Change in Cerebral Blood Flow [pre and post perfusion during imaging procedure, up to an hour]

      The data that will be statistically compared is the pre-diamox perfusion in comparison to the post-diamox perfusion. A statistically significant change increase in CBF represents an appropriate response to Diamox. Lack of change in CBF or decrease in CBF could be suggestive of potential for developing vasospasm.

    2. Percent Change in Left Hemisphere Brain Imaging Maps [pre and post perfusion during imaging procedure, up to an hour]

      Using perfusion map values, relative percent change will be calculated

    3. Percent Change in Right Hemisphere Brain Imaging Maps [pre and post perfusion during imaging procedure, up to an hour]

      Using perfusion map values, relative percent change will be calculated

    Eligibility Criteria

    Criteria

    Ages Eligible for Study:
    18 Years and Older
    Sexes Eligible for Study:
    All
    Accepts Healthy Volunteers:
    No
    Inclusion Criteria:
    • Patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage presenting to our institution within 24 hours of symptom onset

    • Adults, 18 years of age or older

    • Women of childbearing potential must not be pregnant (negative urine pregnancy test)

    Exclusion Criteria:
    • Contraindication to acetazolamide (i.e. sulfonamide allergy, renal or liver failure)

    • Contraindication to contrast media (Allergy or abnormal serum Cr and/or GFR based on current UW guidelines for IV contrast)

    • Renal insufficiency, history of renal failure or renal transplant

    • Hunt and Hess grade 1 and 5 (Attached protocol provides details on the grading scale. Grade 1 have lowest yield for vasospasm and Grade 5 are by definition critically ill and unstable patients)

    • Critically ill patients who are unstable and who cannot undergo scans within the proposed timeline i.e. within 24 hours of the onset of their symptoms.

    Contacts and Locations

    Locations

    Site City State Country Postal Code
    1 University of Wisconsin Madison Wisconsin United States 53792

    Sponsors and Collaborators

    • University of Wisconsin, Madison

    Investigators

    • Principal Investigator: Azam Ahmed, MD, University of Wisconsin, Madison

    Study Documents (Full-Text)

    None provided.

    More Information

    Publications

    Responsible Party:
    University of Wisconsin, Madison
    ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
    NCT03377049
    Other Study ID Numbers:
    • 2017-1510
    • SMPH/NEURO SURG/NEURO SURG
    • A535700
    • Protocol Version 4/28/2020
    First Posted:
    Dec 19, 2017
    Last Update Posted:
    Jul 19, 2022
    Last Verified:
    Jul 1, 2022
    Individual Participant Data (IPD) Sharing Statement:
    No
    Plan to Share IPD:
    No
    Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Drug Product:
    Yes
    Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Device Product:
    No
    Product Manufactured in and Exported from the U.S.:
    Yes
    Keywords provided by University of Wisconsin, Madison
    Additional relevant MeSH terms:

    Study Results

    No Results Posted as of Jul 19, 2022