ACT: Adaptive Care in the Perioperative Setting

Sponsor

Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati (Other)

Overall Status

Completed

CT.gov ID

NCT03353129

Collaborator

(none)

Enrollment

Location

6.5

Actual Duration (Months)

9.3

Patients Per Site Per Month

Study Details

Study Description

Brief Summary

The overall purpose for conducting this research is to improve the safety and efficacy of care for perioperative patients who have developmental delays and behavioral challenges. The specific objectives for this study are to describe distress behaviors and interventions used in the ACT population. The investigators will also determine the relationship between a predictive measure of distress (the Psychosocial Risk Assessment in Pediatrics score) with the actual distress behaviors exhibited by patients in the perioperative area. This study will provide knowledge that is necessary in order to develop best practices and to guide future research for this patient population. Further understanding the techniques used to improve care in the perioperative setting may also provide useful information to consider in other healthcare settings where this patient population has difficulty with coping and cooperating (ex. vaccinations, placing IVs, dental work, etc.).

Condition or Disease	Intervention/Treatment	Phase
Development; Delayed, Mental Anxiety Situational Anxiety Fear of Other Medical Care Behavior, Coping Behavior Disorders Psychological Disorder Behavior Disorders in Children

Detailed Description

For this study the investigators will measure anxiety and distress behaviors using multiple validated scales, including the modified Yale Pre-operative Anxiety Score (m-YPAS), the Induction Compliance Checklist (ICC), the Child Induction Behavioral Assessment (CIBA) tool and the Post-Anesthesia Emergence Delirium scale (PAED). Each of these scales is observational (as opposed to self-report), so they can be used in young patients who are not-yet verbal or for developmentally delayed children. Other than the PRAP, the scales were not originally developed for patients who have developmental delays (our team is not aware of perioperative behavioral scales that are validated for this population specifically). The scales are reliable with young, minimally verbal children, so the investigators anticipate that the scales will provide adequate measures. The investigators plan to document any challenges in using the scales so that future researchers may consider improving the scales for this population, if indicated.

In addition to understanding distress behaviors, gaining an understanding of what interventions are being used to decrease a patient's risk for having distress is also important. There is limited research describing the use of medication and behavioral interventions for the ACT population. Multiple articles describe behavioral interventions that are recommended, but there is little data on what interventions are being used in clinical practice for high-risk patients. There is also little direct evidence published on the use of oral anxiety medications for children in the ACT population undergoing surgery. In 2011, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center published a BESt Evidence Statement on the use of anxiolytic medications prior to ambulatory healthcare encounters for individuals with special developmental and behavioral challenges. The statement recommends the use of certain pre-procedural anxiolytic medications when non-pharmacological support interventions have been unsuccessful or when the patient has been assessed as having very high anxiety using a distress assessment tool or clinical judgment. Our anesthesia team has anecdotally found these medication guidelines to be very useful in clinical practice. The investigators have not yet studied the use of these medications in our hospital, however, and dissemination of the practice statement in other settings has been limited. Further evidence of how these guidelines are used is necessary to support their efficacy and to make recommendations for updating the BESt Evidence statement.

In addition to the medications outlined in the BESt Evidence Statement (clonazepam, risperidone, and lorazepam) there are a number of other medications that can contribute to preoperative anxiolysis including midazolam, diazepam, dexmedetomidine, clonidine, olanzapine and ketamine. There are case reports and retrospective data on the use of these medications in patients who would fit the ACT patient criteria, but our team has not come across any prospective study data that describes the use of these medications for high risk patients in clinical practice. This study will provide much needed data to give a better understanding of perioperative experiences and interventions used for ACT patients. This information could facilitate the development of better defined best practices and help to determine areas for further research.

Study Design

Study Type:

Observational

Actual Enrollment :

60 participants

Observational Model:

Cohort

Time Perspective:

Prospective

Official Title:

Adaptive Care in the Perioperative Setting: An Observational Study

Actual Study Start Date :

Aug 15, 2017

Actual Primary Completion Date :

Feb 28, 2018

Actual Study Completion Date :

Feb 28, 2018

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

Distress behaviors and interventions used in Adaptive Care Team program [6-9 months]
Best practices to foundationalize and guide future research for this patient population
Expansion of Best Practices to other Healthcare Settings [6-9 months]
Implementation of Best Practices in other healthcare settings where this patient population has difficulty with coping and cooperating (ex. vaccinations, placing IVs, dental work, etc.).

Eligibility Criteria

Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study:

3 Years to 21 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study:

All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers:

Inclusion Criteria:

Patients who meet the following criteria for the ACT Program:
Patient is diagnosed with a developmental disability and/or behavioral condition
Patient has demonstrated inability to cope and cooperate during a healthcare encounter without additional preparation and support
Patient scores greater than 7 on the PRAP scale
Patient has 1 or more of the commonly seen ACT patient diagnoses listed in the diagnoses list below (additional diagnoses may be added the discretion of the principal investigator)
Patients accompanied to the appointment by parents or legal guardian
Patients of any gender, race, and ethnicity are potentially eligible for inclusion
Patients who are scheduled as outpatients or for 23 hour observation
Patient is ambulatory (able to walk and can use all 4 extremities for activities of daily living)

Diagnoses list:

Autism Spectrum Disorder, Autism, Autistic
Delay in Development, Unspecified delay in development, Developmental Delay, Unspecified intellectual disability
Down's Syndrome, Trisomy 21
Other developmental speech or language disorder
Other specific developmental learning difficulties
Problems in communication
Mental and behavioral problems
ADD/ADHD
Impulse control disorder
Anxiety disorder
Disruptive behavior disorder
Intermittent explosive disorder
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
Oppositional defiant disorder
Sensory Integration Disorder
Pervasive Development Disorder
Receptive Expressive Language Disorder

Exclusion Criteria:

Guardian unable to provide consent
Wheel chair bound
Prior enrollment in this research study
Patients who are scheduled to be admitted (greater than 23 hours) and inpatients
Patients who do not meet the ACT criteria
Any patient who, in the judgment of the investigators, has insufficient data to complete analysis
Adult patients (age 18-21) who have cognitive delays but are their own legal guardian