Effects of Resistance Training With High vs. Light-moderate Loads on Muscle-tendon Function in the Elderly

Sponsor

University of Castilla-La Mancha (Other)

Overall Status

Completed

CT.gov ID

NCT03724461

Collaborator

Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Spain (Other), Biomedical Research Networking Center on Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES) (Other)

Enrollment

Location

Arms

30.3

Actual Duration (Months)

1.8

Patients Per Site Per Month

Study Details

Study Description

Brief Summary

There are no unbiased studies that have analyzed the effects of resistance training with traditional, heavy versus light-moderate loads on muscle, tendon and bone in elderly people.

The purpose of the present study is to assess the effects on muscle mass and function, tendon and bone of two different training intensities, light-moderate vs. heavy load, in people older than 65 years old.

The study will be carried out with a randomized controlled design. Participants will perform single training sessions and a 12-wk dynamic resistance training program on the knee extensors with different training intensities on each leg. One leg will train with heavy loads and the other one will train with light-moderate loads, but matching the load x repetitions performed by the contralateral side.

Condition or Disease	Intervention/Treatment	Phase
Aging Sarcopenia Frail Elderly Syndrome	Behavioral: High Intensity resistance training (12 weeks) Behavioral: Light-moderate intensity resistance training (12 weeks) Behavioral: Control (12 weeks) Behavioral: One High Intensity resistance training session Behavioral: One Light-moderate intensity resistance training session	N/A

Detailed Description

The decline in muscle function provoked by the aging process and frailty are directly related to decreases in mobility and the ability to perform the so called "daily life activities". Resistance training is especially useful at this stage, given that it is an effective and widely applicable intervention to control and revert sarcopenia, and the deterioration of tendon and bone function. Despite of the effectiveness of heavy load resistance training, a controversy has arisen in the last years about the effects of lower load resistance training programs to achieve similar adaptations. This is because most of the studies that have compared light-moderate versus heavy load programs did not control the differences in total training load, measured as the overall mechanical work performed during the training program. Therefore, there are no unbiased studies that have analyzed the effects of resistance training with traditional, heavy versus light-moderate loads on muscle, tendon and bone in elderly people.

The studies will be carried out with a crossover (acute training sessions) and randomized controlled design (longitudinal training intervention). Participants will perform single training sessions with each resistance training intensity and a 12-wk dynamic resistance training program on the knee extensors with different training intensities on each leg. One leg will train with heavy loads and the other one will train with light-moderate loads, but matching the load x repetitions performed by the contralateral side. Muscle adaptations (EMG, muscle size and architecture), tendon mechanical properties, bone mineral density, blood parameters and life quality will be analyzed before and after the cessation of the training program.

Study Design

Study Type:

Interventional

Actual Enrollment :

55 participants

Allocation:

Randomized

Intervention Model:

Factorial Assignment

Masking:

Single (Outcomes Assessor)

Primary Purpose:

Prevention

Official Title:

Effects of Resistance Training With High vs. Light-moderate Loads on Muscle-tendon Function in the Elderly

Actual Study Start Date :

Sep 1, 2017

Actual Primary Completion Date :

Mar 12, 2020

Actual Study Completion Date :

Mar 12, 2020

Arms and Interventions

Arm	Intervention/Treatment
Active Comparator: High intensity vs Control (12 weeks) 8 weeks of baseline period plus an exercise program where one leg undergoes High Intensity resistance training (12 weeks) and the other leg is established as control.	Behavioral: High Intensity resistance training (12 weeks) High intensity resistance training (80% of 1 repetition maximum), 2 d/wk (Longitudinal) Other Names: HIT Behavioral: Control (12 weeks) No resistance training during the intervention period. Other Names: CON
Active Comparator: Light intensity vs Control (12 weeks) 8 weeks of baseline period plus an exercise program where one leg undergoes light-moderate intensity resistance training (12 weeks) and the other leg is established as control.	Behavioral: Light-moderate intensity resistance training (12 weeks) Light-moderate intensity resistance training (40% of 1 repetition maximum), 2 d/wk (Longitudinal) Other Names: LIT Behavioral: Control (12 weeks) No resistance training during the intervention period. Other Names: CON
Experimental: High vs Light intensity (12 weeks) 8 weeks of baseline period plus an exercise program where one leg undergoes High Intensity resistance training (12 weeks) and the other leg undergoes light-moderate intensity resistance training.	Behavioral: High Intensity resistance training (12 weeks) High intensity resistance training (80% of 1 repetition maximum), 2 d/wk (Longitudinal) Other Names: HIT Behavioral: Light-moderate intensity resistance training (12 weeks) Light-moderate intensity resistance training (40% of 1 repetition maximum), 2 d/wk (Longitudinal) Other Names: LIT
Experimental: High intensity (Acute) Analysis of the effects of one High Intensity resistance training session, with a crossover design.	Behavioral: One High Intensity resistance training session High intensity resistance training, 1 training session Other Names: HIT (Acute)
Experimental: Light intensity (Acute) Analysis of the effects of one Light-moderate Intensity resistance training session, with a crossover design.	Behavioral: One Light-moderate intensity resistance training session Light-moderate intensity resistance training, 1 training session Other Names: LIT (Acute)

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

Acute change in muscle size (cross sectional area, cm2) [Change from baseline at 5 minutes after a training session]
Ultrasound-based determination quadriceps muscle size and architecture.
Change in muscle size (cross sectional area, cm2) [Change from baseline to week 12]
Ultrasound-based determination quadriceps muscle size and architecture.
Acute change in muscle function (N) [Change from baseline at 5 minutes after a training session]
Force-velocity profile of the single-leg press exercise
Change in muscle function (N) [Change from baseline to week 12]
Force-velocity profile of the single-leg press exercise

Secondary Outcome Measures

Change in patellar tendon stiffness (N/mm) [Change from baseline to week 12]
Ultrasound and force-based measures of tendon mechanical properties.
Acute change in patellar tendon stiffness (N/mm) [Change from baseline at 5 minutes after a training session]
Ultrasound and force-based measures of tendon mechanical properties.
Change in muscle mass (kg) [Change from baseline to week 12]
Lean mass determined by Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry
Change in bone mass (g) [Change from baseline to week 12]
Bone mineral content determined by Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry
Acute change in muscle excitation (mV) [Change from baseline at 5 minutes after a training session]
Electromyographic activity of the knee extensor and flexor muscles during strength assessment and training
Change in muscle excitation (mV) [Change from baseline to week 12]
Electromyographic activity of the knee extensor and flexor muscles during strength assessment and training
Change in physical function [Change from baseline to week 12]
Short Physical Performance Battery
Blood analysis: Acute change in oxidative stress [Change from baseline at 5 minutes after a training session]
Carbonyl proteins (plasma concentration)
Blood analysis: Change in oxidative stress [Change from baseline to week 12]
Carbonyl proteins (plasma concentration)
Blood analysis: Acute change in Inflammation [Change from baseline at 5 minutes after a training session (Acute)]
Interleukin 6, Tumoral necrosis factor Alpha, C reactive protein (plasma concentration)
Blood analysis: Change in inflammation [Change from baseline to week 12]
Interleukin 6, Tumoral necrosis factor Alpha, C reactive protein (plasma concentration)
Blood analysis: Acute change in anabolic processes [Change from baseline at 5 minutes after a training session]
Testosterone, growth hormone, Insulin growth factor-1 (plasma concentration)
Blood analysis: Change in anabolic processes [Change from baseline to week 12]
Testosterone, growth hormone, Insulin growth factor-1 (plasma concentration)
Blood analysis: Acute change in catabolic processes [Change from baseline at 5 minutes after a training session]
Cortisol, Creatin kinase (plasma concentration)
Blood analysis: Change in catabolic processes [Change from baseline to week 12]
Cortisol, Creatin kinase (plasma concentration)

Eligibility Criteria

Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study:

65 Years and Older

Sexes Eligible for Study:

All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers:

Yes

Inclusion Criteria:

65 years and older,
non-institutionalized
passed physical examination including physical function assessment (no frailty status; SPPB >7 points)

Exclusion Criteria:

Neurological, musculoskeletal, or other disorder that would preclude completing resistance training and all performance tests
Uncontrolled hypertension, unstable or exercise-induced angina pectoris or myocardial ischemia or any other medical condition that would interfere with testing or increase one's risk of complications during exercise.
History of regular resistance exercise during the previous 3 years
Knee prosthesis

Contacts and Locations

Locations

	Site	City	State	Country	Postal Code
1	Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Laboratorio de Actividad Física y Función Muscular. Campus de la Fábrica de Armas. Avda. Carlos III s/n	Toledo		Spain	45071