Binocular Visual Therapy and Video Games for Amblyopia Treatment.
Study Details
Study Description
Brief Summary
Amblyopia, or lazy eye, is best defined by the American Academy of Ophthalmology as a unilateral or bilateral reduction of the best corrected visual acuity that occurs in the setting of an otherwise normal eye, or a structural abnormality involving the eye or visual pathway with reduction in visual acuity that cannot be attributed only to the effect of the structural abnormality. Which causes an abnormal visual experience early in life, with consequences such as deficiencies in the ability to perceive contrast and/or movement, visual acuity, accommodation and stereopsis. The treatment of choice consists in patching of the fellow eye 2 hours per day. The disadvantage of this treatment modality is that patients end up not complying and when treatment is interrupted, lazy eye reappears. Amblyopia was thought to be a monocular disease, now a days there are reports of cortical visual paths changes in both eyes (the fellow and amblyopia eye), believing that it might be a monocular consequence of a binocular disease. Following that statement new treatment studies have arisen, stimulating both eyes not only to improve visual acuity in the lazy eye, but to restore binocular function as well. These treatments use videogames in celular phones, computers, or tablets where the fellow eye is exposed to reduced contrast and the lazy eye is exposed to full-contrast. Although the evidence is promising, more studies are needed to establish effectivity and security of this treatment modality.
| Condition or Disease | Intervention/Treatment | Phase |
|---|---|---|
|
N/A |
Detailed Description
The objective of this study is to determine if the binocular visual therapy with red-green glasses and the use of electronic devices is effective for amblyopia treatment in children.
Participants will be randomly assigned to one of three treatment modalities: Group A: eye patch on the fellow eye and to near-vision activities (such as reading, drawing, etc) Group B: an eye patch on the fellow eye and a electronic tablet Group C: red/green glasses and a electronic tablet
Treatment will be done buy the three groups daily during 2 consecutive hours, and will be completed for four months. Children will then suspend the therapy for 2 months, and will be reevaluated to determine lazy eye relapses . All groups will be compared to see which patients achieved greater improvement on visual acuity and depth perception.
Study Design
Arms and Interventions
| Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
|---|---|
| Active Comparator: Patch Eye patch on the fellow eye and to near-vision activities (such as reading, drawing, etc) |
Device: Eye patch
The use of eye patch on the fellow eye and near vision activities for 2 hours a day during 4 months.
|
| Experimental: Electronic Devices Eye patch on the fellow eye and a electronic tablet |
Device: Electronic Tablet
The use of eye patch on the fellow eye and electronic tablet for 2 hours a day during 4 months.
|
| Experimental: Red/Green Glasses Red/green glasses and a electronic tablet |
Device: Red/green glasses
The use of red/green glasses and electronic devices for two hours a day during 4 months.
|
Outcome Measures
Primary Outcome Measures
- Best corrected visual acuity of the amblyopic eye [Basal]
Best corrected visual acuity of the amblyopic eye using the Snellen chart. Measurements will be converted to LogMar values for statistical analysis.
- Best corrected visual acuity of the amblyopic eye [One month of treatment]
Best corrected visual acuity of the amblyopic eye using the Snellen chart. Measurements will be converted to LogMar values for statistical analysis.
- Best corrected visual acuity of the amblyopic eye [Two months of treatment]
Best corrected visual acuity of the amblyopic eye using the Snellen chart. Measurements will be converted to LogMar values for statistical analysis.
- Best corrected visual acuity of the amblyopic eye [Three months of treatment]
Best corrected visual acuity of the amblyopic eye using the Snellen chart. Measurements will be converted to LogMar values for statistical analysis.
- Best corrected visual acuity of the amblyopic eye [Four months of treatment]
Best corrected visual acuity of the amblyopic eye using the Snellen chart. Measurements will be converted to LogMar values for statistical analysis.
- Best corrected visual acuity of the amblyopic eye two months after treatment suspension to determine lazy eye relapses [Two months after treatment suspension.]
Best corrected visual acuity of the amblyopic eye using the Snellen chart. Measurements will be converted to LogMar values for statistical analysis.
Secondary Outcome Measures
- Stereopsis [Basal]
Stereopsis measurement by titmus test
- Stereopsis [One month of treatment]
Stereopsis measurement by titmus test
- Stereopsis [Two months of treatment]
Stereopsis measurement by titmus test
- Stereopsis [Three months of treatment]
Stereopsis measurement by titmus test
- Stereopsis [Four months of treatment]
Stereopsis measurement by titmus test
- Stereopsis two months after treatment suspension to determine lazy eye relapses [Two months after treatment suspension.]
Stereopsis measurement by titmus test
Eligibility Criteria
Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
-
Patients with anisometropic amblyopia, strabismic amblyopia or both
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Patients with out previous amblyopia treatment
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Patient with previous strabismus surgery or use of there best corrected visual acuity glasses for at least 1 month
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Birth at term gestational age
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Without any systemic or ophthalmic comorbidities
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Previous patients parent verbal and fiscal assessment.
Exclusion Criteria:
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Any other amblyopia diagnosis (deprivation)
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Any previous amblyopia treatment
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Any previous intraocular surgery
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Any ocular condition
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Any neurologic conditions or psychomotor development alterations
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Patients not able to cooperate for visual acuity or stereopsis evaluation
Contacts and Locations
Locations
| Site | City | State | Country | Postal Code | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Departamento de Oftalmologia, Hospital Universitario "Dr. Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez" | Monterrey | Nuevo Leon | Mexico | 64460 |
Sponsors and Collaborators
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon
- Hospital Universitario Dr. Jose E. Gonzalez
Investigators
- Principal Investigator: Marissa L. Fernandez-de Luna, MD, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon
Study Documents (Full-Text)
None provided.More Information
Publications
- Carlton J, Karnon J, Czoski-Murray C, Smith KJ, Marr J. The clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of screening programmes for amblyopia and strabismus in children up to the age of 4-5 years: a systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess. 2008 Jun;12(25):iii, xi-194. Review.
- Grant S, Melmoth DR, Morgan MJ, Finlay AL. Prehension deficits in amblyopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2007 Mar;48(3):1139-48.
- Grant S, Moseley MJ. Amblyopia and real-world visuomotor tasks. Strabismus. 2011 Sep;19(3):119-28. doi: 10.3109/09273972.2011.600423. Review.
- Guo CX, Babu RJ, Black JM, Bobier WR, Lam CS, Dai S, Gao TY, Hess RF, Jenkins M, Jiang Y, Kowal L, Parag V, South J, Staffieri SE, Walker N, Wadham A, Thompson B; BRAVO study team. Binocular treatment of amblyopia using videogames (BRAVO): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials. 2016 Oct 18;17(1):504.
- Hrisos S, Clarke MP, Kelly T, Henderson J, Wright CM. Unilateral visual impairment and neurodevelopmental performance in preschool children. Br J Ophthalmol. 2006 Jul;90(7):836-8. Epub 2006 Mar 15.
- Hunter D. Amblyopia: The clinician's view. Vis Neurosci. 2018 Jan;35:E011. doi: 10.1017/S0952523817000189. Review.
- Kelly KR, Jost RM, Dao L, Beauchamp CL, Leffler JN, Birch EE. Binocular iPad Game vs Patching for Treatment of Amblyopia in Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2016 Dec 1;134(12):1402-1408. doi: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2016.4224.
- Niechwiej-Szwedo E, Goltz HC, Chandrakumar M, Hirji Z, Wong AM. Effects of anisometropic amblyopia on visuomotor behavior, III: Temporal eye-hand coordination during reaching. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2011 Jul 29;52(8):5853-61. doi: 10.1167/iovs.11-7314.
- O'Connor AR, Birch EE, Anderson S, Draper H; FSOS Research Group. The functional significance of stereopsis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2010 Apr;51(4):2019-23. doi: 10.1167/iovs.09-4434. Epub 2009 Nov 20.
- Rahi JS, Cumberland PM, Peckham CS. Does amblyopia affect educational, health, and social outcomes? Findings from 1958 British birth cohort. BMJ. 2006 Apr 8;332(7545):820-5. Epub 2006 Mar 6.
- Tailor V, Bossi M, Bunce C, Greenwood JA, Dahlmann-Noor A. Binocular versus standard occlusion or blurring treatment for unilateral amblyopia in children aged three to eight years. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Aug 11;(8):CD011347. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011347.pub2. Review. Update in: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022 Feb 7;2:CD011347.
- Webber AL, Wood JM, Gole GA, Brown B. The effect of amblyopia on fine motor skills in children. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2008 Feb;49(2):594-603. doi: 10.1167/iovs.07-0869.
- OF17-00013