Amphetamine Induced Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Study Details
Study Description
Brief Summary
Methamphetamine and amphetamine has various cardiovascular and central nervous system effects. Long-term use is associated with many adverse health effects including cardiomyopathy, hemorrhagic, and ischemic stroke. Death is usually caused by cardiovascular collapse and while amphetamine abuse has been considered as a potential cause of acute respiratory distress syndrome, the reports are usually anecdotal. This investigation considers reviewing individuals with few to zero medical conditions who develop acute respiratory distress syndrome and are methamphetamine positive
| Condition or Disease | Intervention/Treatment | Phase |
|---|---|---|
|
Detailed Description
Methamphetamine and amphetamine has various cardiovascular and central nervous system effects. Initially prescribed in the 1930s for respiratory ailments such as asthma, current clinical indications of amphetamine range from treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder to narcolepsy. The mechanism of action is primarily potentiation of release of monoamine neurotransmitters, mainly dopamine and norepinephrine, from presynaptic nerve endings into the synaptic space, in addition to attenuation of monoamine metabolism by inhibiting monoamine oxidase. This in turn leads to an increase in sympathetic tone by alpha and beta adrenergic receptor activation, resulting in elevations in heart rate, respiratory rate, and vascular tone. Long-term use is associated with many adverse health effects including cardiomyopathy, hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke. Other long-term associations include increased violent behavior, documented increased motor vehicle accidents, and clandestine manufacturing of the drug.
Methamphetamine has also been associated with deleterious effects on society as a whole; it is credited as a cause of increase in rates of crime, abuse, and unemployment, and associated with great economic burden. A significant portion of healthcare resources consumed are rooted in the emergency department, particularly in trauma. Studies previously performed have demonstrated that methamphetamine use among patients that present to trauma centers has been continually increasing. Death is usually caused by cardiovascular collapse and while amphetamine abuse has been considered as a potential cause of acute respiratory distress syndrome, the reports are usually anecdotal. This investigation considers reviewing individuals with few to zero medical conditions who develop acute respiratory distress syndrome and are methamphetamine positive
Study Design
Arms and Interventions
| Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
|---|---|
| Positive for Amphetamine Patients admitted to the burn unit that are positive for amphetamine |
Other: Difference in development of Acute Lung Injury in Amphetamine positive and negative patients
No Intervention
|
| Negative for Amphetamine Patients admitted to the burn unit that are negative for amphetamine |
Other: Difference in development of Acute Lung Injury in Amphetamine positive and negative patients
No Intervention
|
Outcome Measures
Primary Outcome Measures
- Inhalation Injury [24 hours]
Documentation on admission of inhalation injury as defined by burned nasal hairs, burned facial skin, and carbonaceous sputum after admission to the hospital within the first 24 hours.
- Total Burn Surface Area [24 hours]
The total burn surface area of the patient on arrival to the hospital assessed within the first 24 hours. With respect to the total burn surface area recorded only 2nd degree burns will be considered as defined as burns that affect the epidermis and dermis.
- Length of hospital stay [180 days]
The total length of hospitalization of individuals with burns and acute respiratory distress syndrome with a max of 180 days from admission.
- Stroke Volume [Collected in the first 5 days after admission]
Measurement of cardiovascular parameter (stroke volume) of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome and total burn surface area between 20%-60% in the first 5 days of admission to the hospital.
- Cardiac Output [Collected in the first 5 days after admission]
Measurement of cardiovascular parameter (cardiac output) of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome and total burn surface area between 20%-60% in the first 5 days of admission to the hospital.
- Central Venous Pressure [Collected in the first 5 days after admission]
Measurement of cardiovascular parameter (central venous pressure) of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome and total burn surface area between 20%-60% in the first 5 days of admission to the hospital.
Eligibility Criteria
Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
- Total body surface area burns between 20% and 60% admitted to the burn unit
Exclusion Criteria:
-
Under 18 years of age
-
Burns outside of the inclusion ratio
Contacts and Locations
Locations
| Site | City | State | Country | Postal Code | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Arrowhead Regional Medical Center | Colton | California | United States | 92324 |
Sponsors and Collaborators
- Arrowhead Regional Medical Center
Investigators
- Study Chair: Aldin Malkoc, MD, Arrowhead Regional Medical Center
- Principal Investigator: David T Wong, MD, Arrowhead Regional Medical Center
Study Documents (Full-Text)
None provided.More Information
Publications
- Busto U, Bendayan R, Sellers EM. Clinical pharmacokinetics of non-opiate abused drugs. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1989 Jan;16(1):1-26. doi: 10.2165/00003088-198916010-00001.
- Gonzales R, Mooney L, Rawson RA. The methamphetamine problem in the United States. Annu Rev Public Health. 2010;31:385-98. doi: 10.1146/annurev.publhealth.012809.103600.
- Jafari Giv M. Exposure to Amphetamines Leads to Development of Amphetamine Type Stimulants Associated Cardiomyopathy (ATSAC). Cardiovasc Toxicol. 2017 Jan;17(1):13-24. doi: 10.1007/s12012-016-9385-8.
- Kaye S, McKetin R, Duflou J, Darke S. Methamphetamine and cardiovascular pathology: a review of the evidence. Addiction. 2007 Aug;102(8):1204-11. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2007.01874.x. Epub 2007 Jun 12.
- Neeki MM, Kulczycki M, Toy J, Dong F, Lee C, Borger R, Adigopula S. Frequency of Methamphetamine Use as a Major Contributor Toward the Severity of Cardiomyopathy in Adults </=50 Years. Am J Cardiol. 2016 Aug 15;118(4):585-9. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2016.05.057. Epub 2016 May 29.
- Weir EK, Reeve HL, Huang JM, Michelakis E, Nelson DP, Hampl V, Archer SL. Anorexic agents aminorex, fenfluramine, and dexfenfluramine inhibit potassium current in rat pulmonary vascular smooth muscle and cause pulmonary vasoconstriction. Circulation. 1996 Nov 1;94(9):2216-20. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.94.9.2216.
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