Apathy in Dementia Methylphenidate Trial (ADMET)

• Sponsor: Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health (Other)
• Overall Status: Completed
• CT.gov ID: NCT01117181
• Collaborator: National Institute on Aging (NIA) (NIH), Medical University of South Carolina (Other), Johns Hopkins University (Other), University of Toronto (Other)
• Enrollment: 60
• Locations: 3
• Arms: 2
• Duration (Months): 26
• Patients Per Site: 20
• Patients Per Site Per Month: 0.8

Study Details

Study Description

Brief Summary

The Apathy in Dementia Methylphenidate Trial (ADMET) is a masked, placebo-controlled trial that will examine the efficacy and safety of methylphenidate for the treatment of clinically significant apathy in patients with Alzheimer's dementia.

Condition or Disease	Intervention/Treatment	Phase
Apathy; Alzheimer's Disease	Drug: Methylphenidate; Drug: placebo; Other: Psychosocial intervention	Phase 2

Detailed Description

The Apathy in Dementia Methylphenidate Trial (ADMET), funded by the National Institute of Aging, is a Phase II, placebo-controlled, masked, 3-center randomized clinical trial. ADMET will enroll 60 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and significant apathy from outpatient, nursing home, and assisted living facilities along with their primary caregiver. Eligible and willing patients will be randomly assigned to methylphenidate (20 mg per day) or placebo. At baseline and each in-person follow-up visit, all caregivers and patients will be provided with a standardized psychosocial intervention consisting of a counseling session, provision of educational materials, and 24-hour availability for crises. Efficacy and safety outcomes will be measured at baseline and at in-person follow-up visits at 2, 4, and 6 weeks following randomization. Telephone contact will take place at 1, 3, and 5 weeks after randomization.

ADMET has 80% power to detect a difference of at least 3.3 in change in the Apathy Evaluation Scale scores between the two treatment groups. It also has 80% power to detect an absolute difference of 35% or more in the change in the proportion of study participants improving on te Clinical Global Impression of Change, given that 20% to 305 of participants in the placebo group show improvement.

Study Design

• Study Type: Interventional
• Actual Enrollment: 60 participants
• Allocation: Randomized
• Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Quadruple (Participant, Care Provider, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Official Title: Apathy in Dementia Methylphenidate Trial (ADMET)
• Study Start Date: Jun 1, 2010
• Actual Primary Completion Date: Aug 1, 2012
• Actual Study Completion Date: Aug 1, 2012

Arms and Interventions

Arm	Intervention/Treatment
Experimental: Methylphenidate Methylphenidate, target dose 20 mg per day (range 10-20 mg per day) and psychosocial intervention	Drug: Methylphenidate; The target dose is 20 mg per day provided as two 10 mg doses administered orally. Patients will start by taking 10 mg daily (two 5 mg over-encapsulated tablets) for three days, at which time the dose will be increased to 20 mg per day (four 5 mg over-encapsulated tablets). In the event of significant side-effects, the dose will be reduced to a minimum of 10 mg per day. The study drug will be administered for 6 weeks.; Other Names: Ritalin ; Other: Psychosocial intervention; The psychosocial intervention will consist of three components: a counseling session, the provision of education materials, and 24-hour availability for crises. The counseling session, in which a trained study clinician will counsel the primary caregiver, lasts approximately 20-30 minutes, and consists of the following elements: Review and adjustment of the patient and caregiver supportive care plans Emotional support and opportunity to ventilate feelings Counseling regarding specific caregiving skills Assistance with problem solving of specific issues that the caregiver brings to the sessions Answers for questions regarding the educational materials The educational materials will consist of a copy of the book The 36-Hour Day
Placebo Comparator: Placebo matching placebo and psychosocial intervention	Drug: placebo; Patients will start with two capsules of placebo for three days, at which time the dose will be increased to four capsules. The dose may be reduced to a minimum of two capsules per day if there appears to be significant side-effects. Placebo will be administered for 6 weeks.; Other Names: dummy pill ; Other: Psychosocial intervention; The psychosocial intervention will consist of three components: a counseling session, the provision of education materials, and 24-hour availability for crises. The counseling session, in which a trained study clinician will counsel the primary caregiver, lasts approximately 20-30 minutes, and consists of the following elements: Review and adjustment of the patient and caregiver supportive care plans Emotional support and opportunity to ventilate feelings Counseling regarding specific caregiving skills Assistance with problem solving of specific issues that the caregiver brings to the sessions Answers for questions regarding the educational materials The educational materials will consist of a copy of the book The 36-Hour Day

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

1. Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES) [baseline to 6 weeks]

   Change in score of Apathy Evaluation Scale from baseline to 6 weeks; the minimum score is 18; the maximum score is 72. Higher scores indicate more severe apathy.

2. Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study- Clinical Global Impression of Change [baseline to 6 weeks]

   Proportion of individuals improving on Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study- Clinical Global Impression of Change (CGIC) from baseline to 6 weeks; the CGIC is a 7-point Likert scale used to rate each patient with the following scores: "marked worsening"(7), "moderate worsening" (6), "minimal worsening"(5), "no change"(4), "minimal improvement"(3), "moderate improvement"(2), "marked improvement"(1). Ratings were based on an interview with the caregiver and an examination of the patient. The CGIC requires the clinician to consider a number of aspects of apathy, such as level of initiative, level of interest, and emotional engagement.

Secondary Outcome Measures

1. Digit Span [baseline and 6 weeks]

   Change in Digit Span from baseline to 6 weeks. The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale - Revised Digit Span is used to assess auditory attention and working memory. Both forward and backward span is assessed. Both tests consist of six number sequences that the psychometrist reads aloud one at a time. After each sequence is read, the participant must repeat the digits back in the same (forward) or reverse (backward) order. Scores range from 0 to 16, with higher numbers indicate better functioning.

2. Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) [baseline and 6 weeks]

   Change in Mini-Mental State Exam score from baseline to 6 weeks; this cognitive test estimates of dementia severity. Domains included orientation, memory, working memory, naming, following verbal and written commands, spontaneously writing a sentence, and copying two overlapping pentagons. The minimum MMSE score is 0; the maximum MMSE score is 30. Lower MMSE scores indicate more severe cognitive impairment.

3. Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI): Apathy Subscale [baseline to week 6]

   Change from baseline to 6 weeks in neuropsychiatric symptoms in apathy subscore. Frequency (ranges from 1=occasionally, less than once/week to 4 = very frequently, once or more/day or continuously) and severity (1=mild, 2=moderate, 3=severe) scales are scored based on responses from an informed caregiver involved in the patient's life. To obtain the NPI score, the severity score is multiplied by the frequency score. Range is 0 to 12. Larger numbers indicate more severe behavioral disturbance.

4. Vital Status [vital status at 6 weeks]

   vital status as measured by death

5. Electrolytes [6 weeks]

   Percent of participants with abnormal electrolyte values at 6 weeks as assessed by local laboratory

6. Electrocardiogram (ECG) [6 weeks]

   Abnormal electrocardiogram results at 6 weeks

Eligibility Criteria

Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 Years and Older
• Sexes Eligible for Study: All
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Inclusion criteria:

• Possible or probable Alzheimer's disease (National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke - Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association (NINCDS-ADRDA) criteria), with Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) score of 10-26 inclusive; MMSE scores above 26 in those who nevertheless meet criteria for AD may be allowed with Steering Committee approval on a case by case basis

• Clinically significant apathy for at least four weeks for which either 1) the frequency of apathy as assessed by the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) is 'Very frequently', or 2) the frequency of apathy as assessed by the NPI is 'Frequently' or 'Often' AND the severity of apathy as assessed by the NPI is 'Moderate' or 'Marked'

• A medication for apathy is appropriate, in the opinion of the study physician

• Provision of informed consent for participation in the study by patient or surrogate (if the patient is unable to provide informed consent) and caregiver

• Availability of primary caregiver, who spends greater than ten hours a week with the patient and supervises his/her care, to accompany the patient to study visits and to participate in the study

• Sufficient fluency, of both the patient and caregiver, in written and spoken English to participate in study visits, physical exams, and outcome assessments

• No change to AD medications within the month preceding randomization, including starting, stopping, or dosage modifications

• Treatment with stable doses of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants(SSRIs) is appropriate if stable for 3 months prior to randomization. Other psychotropics(with the exclusion of antipsychotics), if stable for 3 months, may be allowed only with Steering Committee approval on a case by case basis.

Exclusion criteria:

• Meets criteria for Major Depressive Episode, by Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder - IV (TR) criteria

• Clinically significant agitation /aggression for which either 1) the frequency of agitation /aggression as assessed by the NPI is 'Very frequently', or 2) the frequency of agitation /aggression as assessed by the NPI is 'Frequently' AND the severity of the agitation as assessed by the NPI is 'Moderate', or 'Marked'

• Clinically significant delusions for which either 1) the frequency of delusions as assessed by the NPI is 'Very frequently', or 2) the frequency of delusions as assessed by the NPI is 'Frequently' AND the severity of the delusions as assessed by the NPI is 'Moderate', or 'Marked'

• Clinically significant hallucinations for which either 1) the frequency of hallucinations as assessed by the NPI is 'Very frequently', or 2) the frequency of hallucinations as assessed by the NPI is 'Frequently' AND the severity of the hallucinations as assessed by the NPI is 'Moderate', or 'Marked'

• Treatment with psychotropic medications in the 2 weeks prior to randomization with the exception of approved treatments for dementia (ChEIs and memantine), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants, and trazodone (if used as an aid to facilitate sleep and not as an antidepressant); other psychotropics (with the exclusion of antipsychotics), if stable for 3 months, may be allowed only with Steering Committee approval on a case by case basis. Note that antipsychotics are expressly prohibited.

• Treatment with methylphenidate is contraindicated in the opinion of the study physician

• Failure of treatment with methylphenidate in the past for apathy after convincing evidence of an adequate trial as judged by study physician

• Treatment with a medication that would prohibit the safe concurrent use of methylphenidate such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants

• Need for acute psychiatric hospitalization or is suicidal

• Uncontrolled hypertension (medication non-compliance or past 3 months with a diastolic reading of 105 as verified by compartment pressure of the rectus sheath (CPRS))

• Symptomatic coronary artery disease deemed to be significant by study physician at the time of screening

• Lack of appetite that results in significant unintentional weight loss as determined by the study physician in the last three months

• Significant communicative impairments

• Current participation in a clinical trial or in any study that may add significant burden or affect study outcomes

• Hyperthyroidism, advanced arteriosclerosis, symptomatic cardiovascular disease, serious structural cardiac abnormalities, cardiomyopathy, serious heart rhythm abnormalities, or a family history of sudden death or death related to heart problems

• Glaucoma, pheochromocytoma, or known or suspected hypersensitivity to methylphenidate or its excipients

• Central Nervous System (CNS) abnormalities (e.g., cerebral aneurysm) and/or other vascular abnormalities such as vasculitis or pre-existing stroke, motor tics or a family history or diagnosis of Tourette's syndrome, seizures (convulsions, epilepsy), or abnormal EEGs

• Any condition that, in the opinion of the study physician, makes it medically inappropriate or risky for the patient to enroll in the trial

Contacts and Locations

Locations

	Site	City	State	Country	Postal Code
1	Johns Hopkins University	Baltimore	Maryland	United States	21224
2	Medical University of South Carolina	Charleston	South Carolina	United States	29406
3	Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre	Toronto	Ontario	Canada

Sponsors and Collaborators

• Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
• National Institute on Aging (NIA)
• Medical University of South Carolina
• Johns Hopkins University
• University of Toronto

Investigators

• Principal Investigator: Roberta Scherer, PhD, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health
• Study Chair: Jacobo Mintzer, MD, MBA, Medical University of South Carolina
• Principal Investigator: Paul Rosenberg, MD, Johns Hopkins University
• Principal Investigator: Krista Lanctot, PhD, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre

Study Documents (Full-Text)

None provided.

More Information

Additional Information:

• ADMET website

Publications

None provided.

• Responsible Party: Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
• ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01117181
• Other Study ID Numbers: R01AG033032-01; R01AG033032-01
• First Posted: May 5, 2010
• Last Update Posted: Jun 12, 2018
• Last Verified: Jun 1, 2018

• Keywords provided by Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health: Alzheimer's disease; Apathy; Methylphenidate; Dopaminergic agents; Apathy Evaluation Scale; Dementia
• Additional relevant MeSH terms: Alzheimer Disease; Dementia; Methylphenidate

Study Results

Participant Flow

Recruitment Details	Clinical center recruited from established outpatient clinics, from living facilities, by local physicians, and from targeted advertisements in local media. The recruitment period started June 2010 and ended October 2011.

Arm/Group Title	Methylphenidate	Placebo
Arm/Group Description	Methylphenidate, target dose 20 mg per day (range 10-20 mg per day) and psychosocial intervention	matching placebo and psychosocial intervention
Period Title: Overall Study
STARTED	29	31
COMPLETED	28	29
NOT COMPLETED	1	2

Baseline Characteristics

Arm/Group Title	Methylphenidate	Placebo	Total
Arm/Group Description	Methylphenidate, target dose 20 mg per day (range 10-20 mg per day) and psychosocial intervention	matching placebo and psychosocial intervention	Total of all reporting groups
Overall Participants	29	31	60
Age (Count of Participants)
<=18 years	0 0%	0 0%	0 0%
Between 18 and 65 years	2 6.9%	4 12.9%	6 10%
>=65 years	27 93.1%	27 87.1%	54 90%
Age (years) [Mean (Standard Deviation) ]
Mean (Standard Deviation) [years]	78 (8)	75 (9)	76 (8)
Sex: Female, Male (Count of Participants)
Female	17 58.6%	20 64.5%	37 61.7%
Male	12 41.4%	11 35.5%	23 38.3%
Region of Enrollment (participants) [Number]
United States	20 69%	21 67.7%	41 68.3%
Canada	9 31%	10 32.3%	19 31.7%

Outcome Measures

1. Primary Outcome

Title	Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES)
Description	Change in score of Apathy Evaluation Scale from baseline to 6 weeks; the minimum score is 18; the maximum score is 72. Higher scores indicate more severe apathy.
Time Frame	baseline to 6 weeks

Outcome Measure Data

Analysis Population Description

[Not Specified]

Arm/Group Title	Methylphenidate	Placebo
Arm/Group Description	Methylphenidate, target dose 20 mg per day (range 10-20 mg per day), and psychosocial intervention	Placebo and psychosocial intervention
Measure Participants	29	31
Mean (Standard Error) [units on a scale]	-1.9 (1.5)	0.6 (1.4)

2. Primary Outcome

Title	Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study- Clinical Global Impression of Change
Description	Proportion of individuals improving on Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study- Clinical Global Impression of Change (CGIC) from baseline to 6 weeks; the CGIC is a 7-point Likert scale used to rate each patient with the following scores: "marked worsening"(7), "moderate worsening" (6), "minimal worsening"(5), "no change"(4), "minimal improvement"(3), "moderate improvement"(2), "marked improvement"(1). Ratings were based on an interview with the caregiver and an examination of the patient. The CGIC requires the clinician to consider a number of aspects of apathy, such as level of initiative, level of interest, and emotional engagement.
Time Frame	baseline to 6 weeks

Outcome Measure Data

Analysis Population Description

[Not Specified]

Arm/Group Title	Methylphenidate	Placebo
Arm/Group Description	Methylphenidate, target dose 20 mg per day (range 10-20 mg per day), and psychosocial intervention	Placebo and psychosocial intervention
Measure Participants	29	31
Number [percentage of participants who improve]	21 72.4%	3 9.7%

3. Secondary Outcome

Title	Digit Span
Description	Change in Digit Span from baseline to 6 weeks. The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale - Revised Digit Span is used to assess auditory attention and working memory. Both forward and backward span is assessed. Both tests consist of six number sequences that the psychometrist reads aloud one at a time. After each sequence is read, the participant must repeat the digits back in the same (forward) or reverse (backward) order. Scores range from 0 to 16, with higher numbers indicate better functioning.
Time Frame	baseline and 6 weeks

Outcome Measure Data

Analysis Population Description

[Not Specified]

Arm/Group Title	Methylphenidate	Placebo
Arm/Group Description	Methylphenidate, target dose 20 mg per day (range 10-20 mg per day), and psychosocial intervention	Placebo and psychosocial intervention
Measure Participants	26	29
Mean (Standard Deviation) [units on a scale]	0.46 (1.55)	-0.07 (1.25)

4. Secondary Outcome

Title	Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE)
Description	Change in Mini-Mental State Exam score from baseline to 6 weeks; this cognitive test estimates of dementia severity. Domains included orientation, memory, working memory, naming, following verbal and written commands, spontaneously writing a sentence, and copying two overlapping pentagons. The minimum MMSE score is 0; the maximum MMSE score is 30. Lower MMSE scores indicate more severe cognitive impairment.
Time Frame	baseline and 6 weeks

Outcome Measure Data

Analysis Population Description

[Not Specified]

Arm/Group Title	Methylphenidate	Placebo
Arm/Group Description	Methylphenidate, target dose 20 mg per day (range 10-20 mg per day), and psychosocial intervention	Placebo and psychosocial intervention
Measure Participants	29	31
Mean (Standard Error) [units on a scale]	1.3 (0.6)	-0.3 (0.6)

5. Secondary Outcome

Title	Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI): Apathy Subscale
Description	Change from baseline to 6 weeks in neuropsychiatric symptoms in apathy subscore. Frequency (ranges from 1=occasionally, less than once/week to 4 = very frequently, once or more/day or continuously) and severity (1=mild, 2=moderate, 3=severe) scales are scored based on responses from an informed caregiver involved in the patient's life. To obtain the NPI score, the severity score is multiplied by the frequency score. Range is 0 to 12. Larger numbers indicate more severe behavioral disturbance.
Time Frame	baseline to week 6

Outcome Measure Data

Analysis Population Description

[Not Specified]

Arm/Group Title	Methylphenidate	Placebo
Arm/Group Description	Methylphenidate, target dose 20 mg per day (range 10-20 mg per day) and psychosocial intervention	matching placebo and psychosocial intervention
Measure Participants	29	31
Mean (Standard Error) [units on a scale]	-4.4 (0.6)	-2.6 (0.6)

6. Secondary Outcome

Title	Vital Status
Description	vital status as measured by death
Time Frame	vital status at 6 weeks

Outcome Measure Data

Analysis Population Description

[Not Specified]

Arm/Group Title	Methylphenidate	Placebo
Arm/Group Description	Methylphenidate, target dose 20 mg per day (range 10-20 mg per day) and psychosocial intervention	matching placebo and psychosocial intervention
Measure Participants	29	31
Number [participants who died]	0 0%	0 0%

7. Secondary Outcome

Title	Electrolytes
Description	Percent of participants with abnormal electrolyte values at 6 weeks as assessed by local laboratory
Time Frame	6 weeks

Outcome Measure Data

Analysis Population Description

One patient in the active group completed all visit 6 assessments except for the blood collection for the electrolyte sample. This patient refused this procedure.

Arm/Group Title	Methylphenidate	Placebo
Arm/Group Description	Methylphenidate, target dose 20 mg per day (range 10-20 mg per day), and psychosocial intervention	Placebo and psychosocial intervention
Measure Participants	27	29
Sodium	3.70 12.8%	0 0%
Potassium	14.81 51.1%	10.34 33.4%
Chloride	7.41 25.6%	10.34 33.4%
Bicarbonate	7.41 25.6%	10.34 33.4%

8. Secondary Outcome

Title	Electrocardiogram (ECG)
Description	Abnormal electrocardiogram results at 6 weeks
Time Frame	6 weeks

Outcome Measure Data

Analysis Population Description

[Not Specified]

Arm/Group Title	Methylphenidate	Placebo
Arm/Group Description	Methylphenidate, target dose 20 mg per day (range 10-20 mg per day) and psychosocial intervention	matching placebo and psychosocial intervention
Measure Participants	29	31
Number [participants with abnormal ECG]	20 69%	15 48.4%

Adverse Events

Time Frame	treatment period (i.e., 6 weeks)
Arm/Group Title	Methylphenidate		Placebo
Arm/Group Description	Methylphenidate, target dose 20 mg per day (range 10-20 mg per day) and psychosocial intervention		matching placebo and psychosocial intervention
All Cause Mortality
	Methylphenidate		Placebo
	Affected / at Risk (%)	# Events	Affected / at Risk (%)	# Events
Total	/ (NaN)		/ (NaN)
Serious Adverse Events
	Methylphenidate		Placebo
	Affected / at Risk (%)	# Events	Affected / at Risk (%)	# Events
Total	1/29 (3.4%)		1/31 (3.2%)
Blood and lymphatic system disorders
drop in hemoglobin	0/29 (0%)	0	1/31 (3.2%)	1
Gastrointestinal disorders
abdominal pain	1/29 (3.4%)	1	0/31 (0%)	0
Other (Not Including Serious) Adverse Events
	Methylphenidate		Placebo
	Affected / at Risk (%)	# Events	Affected / at Risk (%)	# Events
Total	29/29 (100%)		29/31 (93.5%)
Cardiac disorders
Angina	2/29 (6.9%)		1/29 (3.4%)
Ear and labyrinth disorders
Dizziness	11/29 (37.9%)		7/29 (24.1%)
Endocrine disorders
Hair loss	2/29 (6.9%)		1/29 (3.4%)
Eye disorders
Blurry vision or eyesight changes	0/29 (0%)		3/29 (10.3%)
Gastrointestinal disorders
abdominal pain	6/29 (20.7%)		4/29 (13.8%)
Dry mouth	7/29 (24.1%)		6/29 (20.7%)
Nausea	3/29 (10.3%)		7/29 (24.1%)
General disorders
Drowsiness	10/29 (34.5%)		13/29 (44.8%)
Headache	5/29 (17.2%)		4/29 (13.8%)
Metabolism and nutrition disorders
weight loss	10/29 (34.5%)		4/29 (13.8%)
Anorexia	6/29 (20.7%)		5/29 (17.2%)
Depressed appetite	8/29 (27.6%)		7/29 (24.1%)
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
Arthralgia	6/29 (20.7%)		14/29 (48.3%)
Nervous system disorders
agitation	17/29 (58.6%)		13/29 (44.8%)
Anxiety	17/29 (58.6%)		10/29 (34.5%)
Dyskinesia	1/29 (3.4%)		4/29 (13.8%)
Hyperactivity	5/29 (17.2%)		1/29 (3.4%)
Tics (motor or verbal)	0/29 (0%)		4/29 (13.8%)
Psychiatric disorders
Aggressive behavior or hostility	9/29 (31%)		5/29 (17.2%)
Depressed mood	12/29 (41.4%)		12/29 (41.4%)
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
Skin rash, redness, or inflammation	6/29 (20.7%)		6/29 (20.7%)
Social circumstances
Distractibility	11/29 (37.9%)		8/29 (27.6%)
Impaired learning	4/29 (13.8%)		7/29 (24.1%)
Vascular disorders
Blood pressure changes	4/29 (13.8%)		3/29 (10.3%)

Limitations/Caveats

[Not Specified]

More Information

Certain Agreements

Principal Investigators are NOT employed by the organization sponsoring the study.

There is NOT an agreement between Principal Investigators and the Sponsor (or its agents) that restricts the PI's rights to discuss or publish trial results after the trial is completed.