SIRCSS: Application of Stimulated Immune Response Change to Predict Outcome of Patient With Severe Sepsis

Sponsor

Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (Other)

Overall Status

Unknown status

CT.gov ID

NCT02887274

Collaborator

(none)

300

Enrollment

Location

Anticipated Duration (Months)

4.6

Patients Per Site Per Month

Study Details

Study Description

Brief Summary

Persistence of a marked compensatory anti-inflammatory innate immune response after an insult is termed immunoparalysis. There is no biomarker available to determine the immune status of patient. Thus, the need for early and definite diagnosis of immune status of patient with sepsis, as well as the identification of patients at risk of evolving with severe organ dysfunctions, is crucial.

Most important of all, speed is the key to survival. Therefore, it of crucial importance to identify which patient characteristic determines the poor prognosis. Early intervention can improve the prognosis. Investigators foresee an urgent need to identify predictors for mortality in severe sepsis, including clinical factors or immune status. Recently, the PIRO model has been proposed as a way of stratifying septic patients according to their Predisposing condition, the severity of Infection, the Response to therapy and the degree of Organ dysfunction. The immune status may be associated with above model. However, there is paucity data addressing this issue. In this study, investigators will also analyze the progression of patient condition during treatment and the associated immune status change. In the future, Investigators hope the determination of immune status may contribute to this model of classification rather than just being used as prognostic markers. Despite the advances in the knowledge of the basic processes that trigger and sustain the systemic inflammatory response in sepsis, the search for a "magic bullet" to treat this syndrome has been frustrating. The incidence of severe sepsis and septic shock still remains quite high, as does its mortality, which has decreased very little over the past decades.

Condition or Disease	Intervention/Treatment	Phase
Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) Sepsis Severe Sepsis Septic Shock Multiple Organ Failure

Detailed Description

Binding of TLRs to epitopes on microorganisms stimulates intracellular signaling, increasing transcription of proinflammatory molecules such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β, as well as antiinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-10. Macrophage dysfunction, as a component of immune suppression seen during trauma and sepsis, appears to be one of the contributing factors to morbidity and mortality. Critically ill patients demonstrating prolonged, severe reductions in monocyte HLA-DR expression or ex vivo tumor necrosis factor alpha production are at high risk for nosocomial infection and death. Most septic patients have decreasing cytokine levels at the time of treatment, suggesting a transition from a hyperinflammatory to a hypo-inflammatory state. Immunoparalysis is a potentially reversible risk factor for development of nosocomial infection in multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Whole-blood ex vivo TNF alpha response is a promising marker for monitoring this condition. Investigators call it as "stimulated immune response". Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a recently described family of immune receptors involved in the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is present in the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria and has been demonstrated to be responsible for the development of GNB-associated sepsis. Recognition of bacterial LPS by macrophages is a key component of host defense against infection by Gram-negative bacteria. A monocyte which encounters LPS should vigorously produce proinflammatory cytokines regardless of whether or not it has been exposed to LPS in the past. Sepsis induces suppression of macrophage function as determined by a reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokine production upon re-exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro. Whether further ground can be gained by manipulating innate immunity is an important question waiting to be answered. Several strategies to enhance innate immunity have been tried in normal subjects, including using granulocyte colony-stimulating factor to increase the number and activation state of circulating neutrophils, and IFN-γ to enhance macrophage dependent immunity. Investigators will use this characteristic to assess patient's stimulated immune response. In addition, differences in the nature of the initiating agent causing sepsis and the lack of co-morbidities in the animal models probably contribute to some of the differences in animal studies and clinical trials in sepsis. Investigators need to address these important issues and work toward promoting immunologic homeostasis in the ICU. Here investigators performed a systematic study aimed at evaluating

The diagnostic accuracy of stimulated immune response for predicting mortality;
Whether trend change in stimulated immune response more useful for above prediction;
Whether stimulated immune response can predict patients at risk of evolving with severe organ dysfunctions (the presence or development of severe sepsis or progression of organ dysfunctions within a 72-hr time period from biomarker checked along with treatment)

Study Design

Study Type:

Observational

Anticipated Enrollment :

300 participants

Observational Model:

Cohort

Time Perspective:

Prospective

Official Title:

Application of Stimulated Immune Response Change to Predict Outcome of Patient With Severe Sepsis

Actual Study Start Date :

Jul 1, 2013

Anticipated Primary Completion Date :

Dec 1, 2018

Anticipated Study Completion Date :

Dec 1, 2018

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

The diagnostic accuracy of stimulated immune response for predicting mortality [4 weeks, up to 24 weeks]

Secondary Outcome Measures

Whether trend change in stimulated immune response more useful for prediction mortality [4 weeks, up to 24 weeks]

Other Outcome Measures

Whether stimulated immune response can predict patients at risk of evolving with severe organ dysfunctions [4 weeks, up to 24 weeks]

Eligibility Criteria

Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study:

18 Years and Older

Sexes Eligible for Study:

All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers:

Inclusion Criteria:

Severe sepsis
Septic shock

Exclusion Criteria:

Patients are < 18 yrs
Patients are immunocompromised (treatment with corticosteroids >1 mg/kg equivalent prednisone)
Bone marrow or organ transplant recipients,
Leucopenia [white blood cells count< 109/L] or neutropenia [polymorphonuclear granulocyte count <0.5 109/L]
Hematologic malignancy