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The Assessment of Antimicrobial Peptides Against Fungal Infection

Sponsor
Assiut University (Other)
Overall Status
Not yet recruiting
CT.gov ID
NCT05368948
Collaborator
(none)
100
Enrollment
6
Anticipated Duration (Months)

Study Details

Study Description

Brief Summary

  • Identification of different types of fungi.

  • Determine sensitivity the profile and the resistance pattern of the clinical isolates against antifungal.

  • Determine the antifungal effects of defensin, cathelicidin and histatins and their effects on biofilm formation and resistant isolates.

Condition or Disease Intervention/Treatment Phase

    Detailed Description

    Fungal infections are recurrent in the clinical environment and, annually, affect 25% of the general population worldwide, causing high morbidity and mortality rates. The indiscriminate use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, along with parenteral nutrition, permanent catheters, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, as well as immunosuppression in patients, is the most important predisposing factors for invasive fungal infections. Fungi are classified according to their morphologies, including yeasts (Cryptococcus spp.), fungi with branched hyphae (Aspergillus spp.), as well as fungi with both morphologies (yeasts and pseudohyphae, as for Candida spp.), which have all been associated with fungal infections in humans.

    Fungal biofilms are communities of adherent cells surrounded by an extracellular matrix. These biofilms are commonly found during infection caused by a variety of fungal pathogens. Clinically, biofilm infections can be extremely difficult to eradicate due to their resistance to antifungals and host defenses. Biofilm formation can protect fungal pathogens from many aspects of the innate immune system, including killing by neutrophils and monocytes. Currently, antifungal therapies are scarce and include only four classes of antifungal agents, polyenes, triazoles, echinocandins and flucytosine . The misuse of antifungal agents over the last two decades contributed to antifungal resistance development.Fungal resistance emergence has important clinical implications, as it limits the already small arsenal of antifungal agents, raising the idea of a "post-antifungal" era. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have emerged as new biopharmaceuticals to prevent or treat fungal infections. AMPs are a class of small peptides that widely exist in nature and are an important part of the innate immune system of different organisms. AMPs have a wide range of inhibitory effects against bacteria, fungi, parasites and viruses . Defensins comprise antifungal peptides isolated from various organisms, including plants and mammals . Plant defensins are cationic and have 45-54 amino acids in length. These peptides have typically been isolated from seeds, but can also be found in other plant tissues including leaves, flowers, roots and stems. Most of the plant defensins identified so far have eight cysteine residues that favor structural stability by the formation of four disulfide bonds . In addition, structural studies have shown that plant defensins comprise a triple β-sheet with a parallel helix. Regarding their biological properties, plant defensins have shown activity against bacteria and fungi, both in their planktonic and biofilm modes of growth . Peptides from the cathelicidin family have been isolated from different species of mammals and exhibit broad-spectrum activities against fungi. Cathelicidins are characterized as cationic peptides, consisting of 12-80 amino acids that adopt an α-helix or β-sheet as secondary structures, most of which have 23-37 amino acid residues distributed in amphipathic helices, including LL-37. The activities of LL-37 have been investigated against Candida spp. strains. Human salivary histatins are a group of small histidine-rich proteins constituted from 7 to 38 amino acids first isolated from human parotid saliva. In general, histatins are a multifunctional group of proteins with antimicrobial properties that vary from broad-spectrum to moderate activities. Moreover, histatins have been reported for their effective antifungal activity

    Study Design

    Study Type:
    Observational
    Anticipated Enrollment :
    100 participants
    Observational Model:
    Other
    Time Perspective:
    Cross-Sectional
    Official Title:
    The Assessment of Antimicrobial Peptides Against Fungal Infection
    Anticipated Study Start Date :
    Dec 1, 2022
    Anticipated Primary Completion Date :
    Feb 1, 2023
    Anticipated Study Completion Date :
    Jun 1, 2023

    Outcome Measures

    Primary Outcome Measures

    1. 1.to determine the level at which inhibition of fungi occurs [6 months]

      Determination of defensin ,cathelicidin and histatin is done using broth microdilution method . The procedure involves preparation of twofold dilutions in sterile heart brain broth inside the wells of 96-well microplate.The highest dilution of samples without visible growth after 24 h incubation at 37 °C was considered as minimum inhibitory concentration. . A change in color from blue to pink indicates the growth of bacteria .

    Secondary Outcome Measures

    1. measure the percentage of decrease in biofilm formation [6 month]

      The ability of fungal isolates to adhere and to form biofilms in a 96-well plate will be done using the microtiter plate assay.

    Eligibility Criteria

    Criteria

    Ages Eligible for Study:
    18 Years to 70 Years
    Sexes Eligible for Study:
    All
    Accepts Healthy Volunteers:
    No
    Inclusion Criteria:
      • Samples obtained from patients with cutaneous fungal infection and systemic fungal infection
    Exclusion Criteria:

    • Patients diagnosed to be viral or bacterial infections.

    • Patients on antibiotic or antifungal treatment

    Contacts and Locations

    Locations

    No locations specified.

    Sponsors and Collaborators

    • Assiut University

    Investigators

    • Study Director: amal mohamad hosni, lecturer, Assiut University
    • Study Chair: asmaa omar ahmed, assistant professor, Assiut University
    • Study Chair: mohamad zakaria abd elrahman, professor, Assiut University

    Study Documents (Full-Text)

    None provided.

    More Information

    Publications

    Responsible Party:
    Sara salah abd El mawgoud, Assistant lecturer in clinical pathology department, Assiut University
    ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
    NCT05368948
    Other Study ID Numbers:
    • antimicrobial peptides
    First Posted:
    May 10, 2022
    Last Update Posted:
    May 10, 2022
    Last Verified:
    May 1, 2022
    Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Drug Product:
    No
    Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Device Product:
    No
    Keywords provided by Sara salah abd El mawgoud, Assistant lecturer in clinical pathology department, Assiut University
    antimicrobial peptides
    Additional relevant MeSH terms:
    Infections
    Communicable Diseases
    Mycoses

    Study Results

    No Results Posted as of May 10, 2022