A Mobile Health Intervention Among Hispanics
Study Details
Study Description
Brief Summary
Hypothesis: More than 80% of the participants (n=40) will complete the intervention at three month (intervention completion) and the six month follow-up (retention rate as feasibility). More than 70% of the participants will report high overall study satisfaction (acceptability) with the intervention and study.
This pre-pilot will inform intervention and procedural refinements for the pilot.
Hypothesis: Participants who receive the intervention (n=57) will report more skin cancer-related preventive behaviors (e.g., mean of summed score of sun protection behaviors such as use of sunscreen, etc.) at three month and six month follow-up compared to those in the control condition (n=57, who will receive general information about physical activity and nutrition).
| Condition or Disease | Intervention/Treatment | Phase |
|---|---|---|
|
N/A |
Detailed Description
Aim 1: The investigator will conduct individual interviews among key stakeholders such as health care providers and community leaders to plan a mobile skin cancer intervention among Hispanics. Data will be collected from individual interviews (n=10-12) among key stakeholders and triangulated with data from a funded pilot grant (focus groups and surveys with Hispanic community members) to gather information regarding Hispanics perceptions and behaviors related to skin cancer and suggestions for a WhatsApp intervention.
Aim 2: Employing a user-centered approach to develop a WhatsApp intervention to promote skin cancer risk-reduction behaviors among Hispanics and encourage engagement in the intervention. Use an iterative qualitative (focus groups with Hispanics, n=32; individual interviews with key stakeholders e.g., health care providers and community leaders, n=10-12) process to incorporate input from Hispanics and relevant stakeholders to develop a mobile WhatsApp intervention that is theory- and culturally-guided.
Aim 3: The investigators will evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of this mobile intervention in a single-arm pre-, post-test pilot study among at-risk Hispanics.
Aim 4: Refine the intervention and conduct a pilot RCT (n = 114) using this mobile program among Hispanics at risk for skin cancer and assess the preliminary effects of the mobile intervention at 3-month (intervention completion) and 6-month follow-ups.
Study Design
Arms and Interventions
| Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
|---|---|
| Experimental: Interviews and focus groups This arm will employ a user-centered approach to conduct interviews/focus groups among Hispanics to explore factors associated with their sun protection and SSE such as barriers and knowledge. The interviews/focus groups will help to identify additional relevant factors associated with both sun protection and SSE among Hispanics. |
Behavioral: Mobile-based and user-centered intervention
With the insights from the community, the investigators will then develop the mobile intervention targeting Hispanics at risk for skin cancer to promote sun protection and SSE and get feedback to optimize the intervention.
|
| Experimental: Testing Conduct formative testing of the intervention and collect feasibility and acceptability data, and qualitative feedback on improving the intervention. |
Behavioral: Mobile-based and user-centered intervention
With the insights from the community, the investigators will then develop the mobile intervention targeting Hispanics at risk for skin cancer to promote sun protection and SSE and get feedback to optimize the intervention.
|
| Experimental: Mobile skin cancer intervention Conduct a pilot of the refined intervention among Hispanics to evaluate the preliminary efficacy of the user-centered mobile skin cancer intervention program. |
Behavioral: Mobile-based and user-centered intervention
With the insights from the community, the investigators will then develop the mobile intervention targeting Hispanics at risk for skin cancer to promote sun protection and SSE and get feedback to optimize the intervention.
|
| Active Comparator: Control group: physical activity and nutrition information Participants will complete a baseline survey first; and then they will be randomly assigned into either the intervention group or the control group. After the random allocation participants will receive instructions on how to use WhatsApp and then the intervention. The participants will receive WhatsApp messages about skin cancer for three months with optimal frequencies determined by prior aims and complete a post-intervention survey which contains the same questions in the pre-survey. The participants will be contacted at six months after the baseline survey to complete another survey similar to the post-intervention survey. |
Behavioral: Baseline survey and post-intervention survey.
After the random allocation participants will receive instructions on how to use WhatsApp and then the intervention. They will receive WhatsApp messages about skin cancer for three months with optimal frequencies determined by prior aims and complete a post-intervention survey which contains the same questions in the pre-survey. The pilot RCT will be conducted around the spring/summer of Year four of the R00 when UVR is generally the highest in the US. The participants will be contacted at six months after the baseline survey to complete another survey similar to the post-intervention survey.
|
Outcome Measures
Primary Outcome Measures
- Sun protection behavior by self-report [The change is being assessed at baseline, three month and six month follow-up intervals]
Mean score of use sunscreen with an SPF 30 or higher, seek shade, wear protective clothing, wear wide-brimmed hat, wear sunglasses
Secondary Outcome Measures
- Seek shade behavior by self-report [The change is being assessed at baseline, three month and six month follow-up intervals]
Seek shaded areas
- Wear protective clothing behavior by self-report [The change is being assessed at baseline, three month and six month follow-up intervals]
Wear protective clothing
- Wear wide-brimmed hat behavior by self-report [The change is being assessed at baseline, three month and six month follow-up intervals]
Waer a wide brim hat
- Wear sunglasses behavior by self-report [The change is being assessed at baseline, three month and six month follow-up intervals]
Wear sunglasses
- Skin self-examination [Changes at baseline, three month and six month follow-up intervals]
Skin examination by oneself
- Skin examination by a health care professional [Changes at baseline, three month and six month follow-up intervals]
skin examination by a health care professional
Eligibility Criteria
Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
-
Self-report as Hispanics
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18 years or older
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No personal history of skin cancer
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Report more than one skin cancer risk factor
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Do not engage in sufficient sun protection behaviors
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Have not conducted a SSE in the past three months
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Own a smartphone and will be willing to use WhatsApp
Exclusion Criteria:
- Currently being treated for melanoma or nonmelanoma skin cancer
Contacts and Locations
Locations
| Site | City | State | Country | Postal Code | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey | New Brunswick | New Jersey | United States | 08901 |
Sponsors and Collaborators
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
Investigators
- Principal Investigator: Zhaomeng Niu, PhD, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey
Study Documents (Full-Text)
None provided.More Information
Publications
None provided.- CINJ132206