The Anti-microbial Effect of Titanium Dioxide Nano Particles in Complete Dentures Made for Edentulous Patients

Sponsor

Cairo University (Other)

Overall Status

Unknown status

CT.gov ID

NCT03666195

Collaborator

(none)

Enrollment

Arms

Anticipated Duration (Months)

Study Details

Study Description

Brief Summary

Although cleaning dentures by immersion in chemical denture cleaning solutions is effective in reducing the number of bacteria, a large number remains adhering to the denture surface. Thus, the mechanical cleansing of dentures is imperative to remove adherent microbes, and prevent diseases. This is not always easy to achieve, due to un-compliant patients, or patients with diminished manual dexterity (e.g. Mani phalanx dysfunction or Rheumatoid Arthritis) that often require assistance in cleaning their dentures, which may not always be available.

Therefore, the modification of denture base materials to provide them with antibacterial properties to control oral biofilm formation, and producing dentures that can be cleaned by simply rinsing in water would prove to be valuable in oral hygienic management in complete denture-wearing patients.

Condition or Disease	Intervention/Treatment	Phase
Candida Infection Denture Stomatitis	Combination Product: Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles	N/A

Detailed Description

Nanoparticulate Metals as Antimicrobial Agents Many of the major medical breakthroughs in history, have been largely dependent on the antimicrobial effects of different metals. Mercury has been used medicinally in the treatment of syphilis, and skin diseases as far back as the 10th century in Europe, and 2nd Century BC in China. And till this day organomercurial compounds remain in use for their antiseptic, and disinfectant properties. Metals such as copper and zinc are now incorporated in micron size, in products such as toothpastes, to control dental plaque formation. More recently, the addition of nanoparticulate metals such as TiO2, SiO2, ZnO, Ag, CuO to dental materials to impart an antimicrobial effect, has been investigated in many studies. Among these metals, titanium dioxide nanoparticles have received the most attention due to its white color, low toxicity at concentrations usually used, high stability, availability, and its high photocatalytic activity.

Many studies suggested that incorporating titanium dioxide nanoparticles to PMMA, significantly decreases porosities in the denture resin, rendering titanium dioxide nanoparticles a suitable additive to denture base materials.

Titanium Dioxide as a Photocatalyst In 1977 Frank and Bard were the first to study the possibilities of using TiO2 to degrade cyanide in water, since then, there has been growing interest in its various applications.

Titanium dioxide is a light-sensitive semiconductor, that absorbs electromagnetic radiation in the near UV region. Absorbing light energy causes an electron to be promoted from the valence band to the conduction band.

Water molecules which are commonly adsorbed onto the titanium dioxide surface, are oxidized in the process, generating OH• radicals. These free radicals are characterized by a high level of energy enabling them to react with different organic compounds such as the polyunsaturated phospholipid component of the microbial lipid membrane that eventually leads to their complete oxidation to carbon dioxide and water, inhibiting the microorganisms' respiratory activity, and eliciting cell death.

Recent studies have proved the antimicrobial effects of titanium dioxide against Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and MRSA.

However, there are recent concerns titanium dioxide could be cited as a health hazard, as it could produce tissue inflammation as generated by cytokine release. Moreover, adding TiO2 nanoparticles can alter the physical properties of the substrate. It has been found that adding as much as 5%wt of TiO2 nanoparticles to PMMA does not produce deleterious effects on the mechanical properties of the material, while concentrations required to produce an inhibitory or a killing effect on microorganisms has been found to be 0.25-2.5 mg/mL

Study Design

Study Type:

Interventional

Anticipated Enrollment :

20 participants

Allocation:

Randomized

Intervention Model:

Parallel Assignment

Intervention Model Description:

Randomized controlled trialRandomized controlled trial

Masking:

Double (Participant, Outcomes Assessor)

Masking Description:

The outcome assessor will be blinded as well as the statistician and the participant. The outcome assessor will count the bacterial colony forming units without knowing the type of the denture material used (Conventional acrylic resin or acrylic resin modified by titanium dioxide nanoparticles)

Primary Purpose:

Prevention

Official Title:

Anti-Microbial Effect of Titanium Dioxide Nano Particles Incorporated Acrylic Resin Denture Base Materials in Completely Edentulous Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Anticipated Study Start Date :

Oct 15, 2018

Anticipated Primary Completion Date :

Dec 15, 2018

Anticipated Study Completion Date :

Jan 15, 2019

Arms and Interventions

Arm	Intervention/Treatment
Active Comparator: Group A complete dentures will be fabricated using poly methyl methacrylate resin denture base material modified with 5%wt titanium dioxide nanoparticles.	Combination Product: Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles incorporating titanium dioxide nanoparticles to PMMA, significantly decreases porosities in the denture resin, rendering titanium dioxide nanoparticles a suitable additive to denture base materials, as it also exhibits anti-microbial effects Other Names: Ultra fine titanium dioxide TiO2
No Intervention: Group B complete dentures will be fabricated with poly methyl methacrylate resin denture base material.

Arm

Intervention/Treatment

Active Comparator: Group A

complete dentures will be fabricated using poly methyl methacrylate resin denture base material modified with 5%wt titanium dioxide nanoparticles.

Combination Product: Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles

incorporating titanium dioxide nanoparticles to PMMA, significantly decreases porosities in the denture resin, rendering titanium dioxide nanoparticles a suitable additive to denture base materials, as it also exhibits anti-microbial effects

Other Names:

Ultra fine titanium dioxide

TiO2

No Intervention: Group B

complete dentures will be fabricated with poly methyl methacrylate resin denture base material.