Cardiac Injury With Convulsive Status Epilepticus
Study Details
Study Description
Brief Summary
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Determine the impact of cardiac injury on clinical profile, cardiac evaluation and outcome in patients hospitalized with convulsive status epilepticus (CSE).
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Analyze the frequency of cardiac rhythm and conduction abnormalities related to seizures and determine risk factors and associated clinical characteristics.
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Analyse ECG abnormalities and changes in HR in epileptic seizures since such disturbances might be a factor in SUDEP
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Assessment of levels of cardiac enzymes in patients with status epilepticus
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Detailed Description
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Convulsive status epilepticus (CSE) is the most common life- threatening pediatric neurological emergency, with high morbidity and mortality rates . Previously, status epilepticus was defined as a seizure lasting more than 30 min . However, more recently, status epilepticus is considered if a patient has continuous seizure activity for 5 min or recurrent seizures without regaining consciousness level in between .
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Cardiac injury in CSE is associated with a combination of excessive catecholamine release, sympathetic overflow, and subsequent neurogenic myocardial stunning, resulting in subtle structural and functional myocardial damage with a high incidence of arrhythmia, stress-related cardiomyopathy, and heart failure moreover, cardiac injury may be iatrogenic due to intravenous fluid overload and cardio-depressive effects of anti-seizure medications (ASMs). Most of the SE-induced deaths occurring within 30 days following seizure activity are attributed to lethal cardiac arrhythmia, pulmonary edema, hypotension, and circulatory collapse
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Cardiac injury was defined as one or more of the following: (a) cardiac troponin ≥ 99th percentile , corrected for age and sex and (b) new- onset ECG changes categorized into ischemic changes, conduction abnormalities, or arrhythmias . (c) Left ventricular systolic or diastolic dysfunction, which is defined as follows: systolic dysfunction if EF < 56% and/or FS < 28% , diastolic dysfunction is defined and classified according to the recommendations of the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging
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Changes in cardiac function in epilepsy imply an activation of the central autonomic network. In patients with seizures, epileptic discharges are thought to propagate to the central autonomic network and change or disturb normal autonomic control of vital cardiac functions. This activation of central autonomic nervous system is thought to be responsible for the peri-ictal autonomic cardiac symptoms observed in epilepsy patients. The importance of these autonomic features in the pathophysiology of epilepsy and its complications has become more clear in the last years.
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Conduction disorders seem to be common during seizures in intractable epilepsy could demonstrate the presence of arrhythmias or conduction disorders in seizures, particularly if these are prolonged or generalized. They include atrial fibrillation, supraventricular tachycardia and atrial and ventricular premature depolarisation. EKG changes, including T-wave inversion and ST-depression, were more frequent and potentially more dangerous in patients with generalized seizures.
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excessive autonomic stimulation may result in cardiac arrhythmias. But repetitive autonomic stimulation can also lead to structural damage to the heart. This increases the susceptibility to cardiac arrhythmias or ischemia. Myocardial fibrosis has already been found . Patients with uncomplicated seizures do not seem to have postictal troponin elevation, but signs of ischemia on ECG and elevated cardiac enzymes in epileptic patients suggest secondary cardiac damage could show presence of elevated Brain Natriuretic Peptide " BNP "and Creatine kinase Myocardial Band "CK-MB" in patients with seizures, the first evidence of subtle cardiac dysfunction in epilepsy patients.
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Cardiovascular-specific biomarkers have been identified as the most accurate indicators of myocardial infarction. Cardiovascular troponin-I (cTnI), in particular, is extremely selective for myocardial muscular tissue injury and is never produced following skeletal muscle injury .
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Patients with longlasting and multiple seizures seem to be prone to chronic dysfunction of autonomic cardiac control. In patients with newly diagnosed (median time 27 months) and untreated epilepsy, no difference was found in heart rate variability studied well controlled patients and refractory patients and could show with a series of autonomic tests that higher vasomotor tone, higher sympathetic tone, lower parasympathetic tone and reactivity was found in the group of refractory epilepsy patients. The observed dysautonomia could be a predisposing factor to SUDEP -sudden unexpected death in epilepsy. could demonstrate altered cardiovagal control in patients with chronic epilepsy.
Study Design
Outcome Measures
Primary Outcome Measures
- cardiac injury and convulsive status epilepticus [baseline]
Determine the impact of cardiac injury on clinical profile and outcome in patients with convulsive status epilepticus
- Cardiac injury and convulsive status epilepticus [Baseline]
Analyze the frequency of cardiac rhythm and conduction abnormalities
- Cardiac injury and convulsive status epilepticus [Baseline]
Analyze ECG abnormalities and heart rate changes
- Cardiac injury and convulsive status epilepticus [Baseline]
Assessment of levels of cardiac enzymes in patients with status epilepticus
Eligibility Criteria
Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
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children aged 1 month to 16 years presented with Convulsions
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convulsions lasts more than 5 minutes or recurrent seizures without regaining consciousness in-between
Exclusion Criteria:
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Patients with hepatic diseases
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patients with chronic renal illness
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patients with endocrinal diseases
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patients with musculoskeletal abnormalities
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children with sepsis
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congenital heart disease, myocarditis, myocardial disease, or arrhythmias; and children who survived cardiac surgery
Contacts and Locations
Locations
No locations specified.Sponsors and Collaborators
- Assiut University
Investigators
None specified.Study Documents (Full-Text)
None provided.More Information
Publications
- Baumgartner C, Lurger S, Leutmezer F. Autonomic symptoms during epileptic seizures. Epileptic Disord. 2001 Sep;3(3):103-16.
- Chin RF, Neville BG, Peckham C, Bedford H, Wade A, Scott RC; NLSTEPSS Collaborative Group. Incidence, cause, and short-term outcome of convulsive status epilepticus in childhood: prospective population-based study. Lancet. 2006 Jul 15;368(9531):222-9. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69043-0.
- Fogarasi A, Janszky J, Tuxhorn I. Autonomic symptoms during childhood partial epileptic seizures. Epilepsia. 2006 Mar;47(3):584-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2006.00472.x.
- Janszky J, Fogarasi A, Toth V, Magalova V, Gyimesi C, Kovacs N, Schulz R, Ebner A. Peri-ictal vegetative symptoms in temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav. 2007 Aug;11(1):125-9. doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2007.04.015. Epub 2007 Jun 20.
- Mitchell WG. Status epilepticus and acute serial seizures in children. J Child Neurol. 2002 Jan;17 Suppl 1:S36-43. doi: 10.1177/08830738020170010501.
- Natelson BH, Suarez RV, Terrence CF, Turizo R. Patients with epilepsy who die suddenly have cardiac disease. Arch Neurol. 1998 Jun;55(6):857-60. doi: 10.1001/archneur.55.6.857.
- Nei M, Ho RT, Sperling MR. EKG abnormalities during partial seizures in refractory epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2000 May;41(5):542-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1528-1157.2000.tb00207.x.
- Tigaran S, Molgaard H, McClelland R, Dam M, Jaffe AS. Evidence of cardiac ischemia during seizures in drug refractory epilepsy patients. Neurology. 2003 Feb 11;60(3):492-5. doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000042090.13247.48.
- Widdess-Walsh P, Kotagal P, Jeha L, Wu G, Burgess R. Multiple auras: clinical significance and pathophysiology. Neurology. 2007 Aug 21;69(8):755-61. doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000267650.50269.5d. Erratum In: Neurology. 2007 Nov 6;69(19):1890.
- Woodruff BK, Britton JW, Tigaran S, Cascino GD, Burritt MF, McConnell JP, Ravkilde J, Molgaard H, Andreasen F, Dam M, Jaffe AS. Cardiac troponin levels following monitored epileptic seizures. Neurology. 2003 May 27;60(10):1690-2. doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000065881.46964.4f.
- Cardiac injury and epilepsy