The Caudal Space in Children: Ultrasound Evaluation
Study Details
Study Description
Brief Summary
Caudal anesthesia is commonly employed in pediatrics to produce postoperative analgesia in low abdominal or urologic surgery.
An exact understanding of the anatomy of the sacral area including sacral hiatus and surrounding structures is crucial to the success of caudal block.
The aim of this study is to evaluate the anatomy of the caudal space in pediatrics by ultrasound evaluation.
| Condition or Disease | Intervention/Treatment | Phase |
|---|---|---|
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Study Design
Arms and Interventions
| Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
|---|---|
| Pediatric patients in urologic surgery Pediatric patients undergoing caudal block for urologic surgery were included in this study. |
Other: ultrasound evaluation of caudal space
After induction of general anesthesia, the patients were placed in the lateral position. The ultrasound evaluation include transverse and longitudinal view.
First, investigators place the transducer at the sacral cornua to obtain a transverse view.
In the transverse view, the distance between two cornua and the depth of caudal space at the sacral hiatus were measured. In the longitudinal view, the distance from the skin to the sacrococcygeal membrane and the optimal angles and the safety distance for needle insertion depending on the points of insertions were measured. From the end of dura sac to the sacral hiatus were regarded as safety distance for the needle insertion during caudal block.
|
Outcome Measures
Primary Outcome Measures
- ultrasound evaluation of caudal space [Right after induction of general anesthesia, the patients were placed in the lateral position. The ultrasound evaluation include transverse and longitudinal view.]
First, investigators place the transducer at the sacral cornua to obtain a transverse view. In the transverse view, the distance between two cornua and the depth of caudal space at the sacral hiatus were measured. In the longitudinal view, the distance from the skin to the sacrococcygeal membrane and the optimal angles and the safety distance for needle insertion depending on the points of insertions were measured. From the end of dura sac to the sacral hiatus were regarded as safety distance for the needle insertion during caudal block.
Eligibility Criteria
Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
- Patients aged 0 - 84 months who were scheduled to undergo elective urological surgery.
Exclusion Criteria:
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Patients with any contraindication to caudal epidural block were excluded.
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coagulopathy
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allergy to local anesthetics
-
infection at the puncture site
Contacts and Locations
Locations
| Site | City | State | Country | Postal Code | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine | Seoul | Korea, Republic of | 120-752 |
Sponsors and Collaborators
- Yonsei University
Investigators
None specified.Study Documents (Full-Text)
None provided.More Information
Publications
None provided.- 4-2013-0244