Prevention of Musculoskeletal Injuries in Musicians
Study Details
Study Description
Brief Summary
Musicians are a group with a high prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries. In particular, wind musicians, due to their playing requirements, are prone to suffer from cervical and mandibular alterations.
For this reason, a specific exercise programme has been designed with the aim of analysing its effectiveness in improving these regions.
| Condition or Disease | Intervention/Treatment | Phase |
|---|---|---|
|
N/A |
Detailed Description
This study is a clinical trial with a control group whose participants are university music students specialising in wind instrument performance.
The intervention of the participants in the Experimental Group consists of the individual performance of a specific programme of warm-up exercises prior to instrumental practice aimed at improving the mobility and strength of the cervical and mandibular regions, as well as a series of cool-down exercises after instrumental practice based on stretching the main muscles of both regions.
Participants in the Control Group will continue their normal life without performing any specific exercise previously taught by the researchers.
For the evaluation of the programme, an initial evaluation and a re-evaluation after 12 weeks will be carried out. In both, cervical and jaw mobility as well as body posture will be assessed. In addition, at the muscular level, the activity of the upper trapezius and masseter muscles will be assessed, and the pain threshold at trigger points will also be measured.
The hypotheses are that by carrying out the exercise programme designed for wind musicians, an improvement in body posture, in the range of cervical and jaw mobility and in muscle activation will be achieved, as well as a decrease in the pain threshold.
For the study of the results, an inferential statistical analysis of the data will be carried out using the Wilcoxon test for paired data or Student's t-test for repeated measures according to the sample characteristics in order to determine the effect of the exercise programme on the different variables of the experimental process. Correlation statistics will be used to establish the association between certain quantitative explanatory variables and ANOVA for categorical variables. The level of significance will be kept at p<.05 and all calculations will be carried out using the SPSS 22.0 statistical programme.
Study Design
Arms and Interventions
| Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
|---|---|
| Experimental: Experimental Group Performance of a warm-up and cool-down exercise programme for the cervical and mandibular region before and after instrumental practice. |
Other: Exercise programme
Performing a programme of warm-up and stretching exercises for the cervico-mandibular region aimed at improving mobility and muscle condition.
Other Names:
|
| No Intervention: Control Group Participants in the control group will not make any changes in their instrumental practice habit. At the end of the study, participants in the control group will be asked to perform the exercises tested in the experimental group. |
Outcome Measures
Primary Outcome Measures
- Cervical range of movement [Change from baseline at 3 months]
Evaluation of cervical range of motion (flexion-extension, tilts and rotations) with Kinovea software. The Kinovea software is a validated tool to measure the movements of the cervical spine.
- Temporomandibular range of movement [Change from baseline at 3 months]
Evaluation of the maximum jaw opening with a vernier caliper. A vernier caliper is a validated tool to measure the MMO (maximum mouth opening).
- Head position [Change from baseline at 3 months]
Assessment of head position by calculation of the craniovertebral angle, sagittal head angle and shoulder angle using SAPO software. SAPO is a validated tool for head posture analysis.
- Head alignment [Change from baseline at 3 months]
Horizontal alignment of the head and shoulders using SAPO software. SAPO is a validated tool for head posture analysis.
- Cervical and orofacial pain [Change from baseline at 3 months]
Visual Analogic Scale. The pain VAS is a unidimensional measure of pain intensity, which has been widely used in diverse adult populations. The VAS is a straight horizontal line of fixed length, usually 100 mm. The ends are defined as the extreme limits of the parameter to be measured from 0 (no pain) to 10 (maximum pain). All the subjects will showed their pain level.
Secondary Outcome Measures
- Trapezius muscle activation [Change from baseline at 3 months]
EMG assessment of resting and maximal contraction activation of the trapezius muscle. Surface EMG is a validated tool for measuring muscle activation.
- Masseter muscle activation [Change from baseline at 3 months]
EMG assessment of resting and maximal contraction activation of the masseter muscle. Surface EMG is a validated tool for measuring muscle activation.
- Trapezius muscle pain threshold [Change from baseline at 3 months]
Pain threshold assessment at the trigger point of the upper trapezius muscle with a digital algometer. The digital algometer is a validated tool for assessing muscle pain threshold.
- Masseter muscle pain threshold [Change from baseline at 3 months]
Pain threshold assessment at the trigger point of the masseter muscle with a digital algometer. The digital algometer is a validated tool for assessing muscle pain threshold.
Eligibility Criteria
Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
-
Woodwind or metal musicians
-
University students of music performance
Exclusion Criteria:
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Any surgical intervention in cervical spine, orofacial region or temporomandibular joint.
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Analgesics or physiotherapeutic treatment in the last 24h.
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Pregnancy
Contacts and Locations
Locations
| Site | City | State | Country | Postal Code | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Facultade de Ciencias da Educación e do Deporte | Pontevedra | Spain | 36005 |
Sponsors and Collaborators
- Margarita Pino Juste
Investigators
- Study Director: Margarita Pino-Juste, Professor, University of Vigo
Study Documents (Full-Text)
None provided.More Information
Publications
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- Barton R, Feinberg J. Effectiveness of an educational program in health promotion and injury prevention for freshman music majors. Medical Problems of Performing Artists. 2008; 23: 47-53.
- Elwardany SH, El-Sayed WH, Ali MF. Reliability of Kinovea Computer Program in Measuring Cervical Range of Motion in Sagittal Plane. Open Access Library Journal. 2015; 2(9): 1-10.
- García-Remeseiro T, Gutierrez-Sanchez A. Analysis of relationships between the use of visual display terminals, craniocervical angle and physical activity: A pilot study. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise. 2017; 12.
- Matei R, Ginsborg J. Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, Anxiety, and Pain Among Musicians in the United Kingdom. Front Psychol. 2020 Dec 3;11:560026. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.560026. eCollection 2020.
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- Zaza C, Farewell VT. Musicians' playing-related musculoskeletal disorders: an examination of risk factors. Am J Ind Med. 1997 Sep;32(3):292-300.
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