Smokers' Response to Nicotine Dependence Genotyping

Sponsor

University of Nebraska (Other)

Overall Status

Completed

CT.gov ID

NCT01780038

Collaborator

Department of Health and Human Services (U.S. Fed)

Enrollment

Location

Arms

9.5

Actual Duration (Months)

2.5

Patients Per Site Per Month

Study Details

Study Description

Brief Summary

Innovative strategies to reduce adult smoking prevalence include using genetic information to motivate cessation and, ultimately, to tailor cessation pharmacotherapy. Success of these interventions depends, in part, on smokers' interest and participation in genetic testing related to cessation and their understanding and use of the results (i.e., their genetic literacy). The recent availability of genetic risk testing for a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor gene (CHRNA3) variant (rs105173) associated with nicotine dependence makes it highly feasible to investigate smokers' interest in and use of genetic information about nicotine dependence. Therefore, the primary purpose of this study is to determine the impact of an intervention that provides smokers with an educational session about genetic contributions to smoking and nicotine dependence plus their genotype results for rs1051730 on smoking cessation outcomes compared to those who receive only the educational session. Secondary purposes are to determine: (a) the impact of genetic education and knowing personal genotype results on genetic literacy outcomes and (b) the feasibility of recruitment and retention methods in a study addressing genotyping for nicotine dependence. Primary outcomes are cessation-related behaviors and cognitions indicating abstinence. Secondary outcomes are cognitions and emotions indicating genetic literacy. Knowledge gained from this study has the potential for clinical translation so that as genotyping becomes part of smoking cessation, health-care providers can understand and address factors influencing smokers' adaptation to genetically-informed cessation treatment. The study will use a longitudinal, repeated measures design (experimental, control; N=90; 45/group). All participants will receive a 90-minute educational session about genetic contributions for smoking and nicotine dependence and will donate a buccal swab sample for genotyping. The investigators will then randomize participants to two groups: those who receive genotyping results in a genetic counseling session (experimental) and those who do not (control). Follow-up data will be collected from both groups at baseline and weeks 2, 6, 10 after the experimental group receives genotyping results, with a brief follow-up and study termination occurring at week 12. Control group participants will be offered their genotyping results at the end of the study.

Condition or Disease	Intervention/Treatment	Phase
Cigarette Smoking Nicotine Dependence	Behavioral: Receipt of Genetic Results Behavioral: No results given	N/A

Detailed Description

The primary aim of this study is:

Aim 1. Determine the impact of knowing personal genotyping results for nicotine dependence risk on the smoking cessation (primary) outcomes at weeks 2, 6, and 10.

The working hypotheses for the cessation-related behaviors are:

When compared to the control group, the experimental group will have greater: (1) smoking abstinence; (2) use of formal smoking cessation programs; (3) contact with health-care provider for cessation; (4) use of pharmacotherapy, and (5) use of self-management strategies for cessation.
There will be no difference in the number of quit attempts between the experimental and control groups.

The working hypotheses for the cessation-related cognitions are:

When compared to the control group, the experimental group will have higher self-efficacy for smoking cessation.
When compared to the control group, the experimental group will have higher abstainer and lower smoker self-schemas.

The secondary aims are:

Aim 2. Determine the impact of knowing personal genotyping results for nicotine dependence risk on the secondary genetic literacy (secondary) outcomes at weeks 2, 6, and 10.

The working hypotheses for the genetic literacy-related cognitions and emotions are:

When compared to the control group, the experimental group will have greater: (1) knowledge of genetic contributions to smoking, (2) mental representations indicating endorsement of genetic risk for nicotine dependence, (3) accurate perceptions of genetic risk for nicotine dependence, and (4) self-efficacy for use of genotyping results.
There will be no difference in psychological distress between the experimental and control groups.

Aim 3. Explore smokers' perceptions and experiences that contextualize participation in genetic education and genotyping for nicotine dependence risk. We will conduct focus groups with both the intervention and control group participants at weeks 2 and 6 after intervention group participants receive their genotyping results.

Aim 4. Determine the feasibility of an intervention that informs people of their personal genotype results for nicotine dependence risk for a larger clinical trial, including evaluation of enrollment (recruitment efficiency, attrition, problems and solutions), intervention fidelity (delivery, receipt, enactment), data collection, subject acceptability of the intervention, and estimation of effect sizes for sample size determination in future, larger clinical trials.

Study Design

Study Type:

Interventional

Actual Enrollment :

24 participants

Allocation:

Randomized

Intervention Model:

Parallel Assignment

Masking:

None (Open Label)

Primary Purpose:

Treatment

Official Title:

Smokers' Response to Nicotine Dependence Genotyping

Actual Study Start Date :

Nov 14, 2012

Actual Primary Completion Date :

Aug 31, 2013

Actual Study Completion Date :

Aug 31, 2013

Arms and Interventions

Arm	Intervention/Treatment
Experimental: Receipt of Genetic Results Receipt of Genetic Results indicates that participants have received the results of genotyping for RS1051730	Behavioral: Receipt of Genetic Results Participants will receive the results of genotyping for RS1051730
Active Comparator: No results given Participants will not be offered to receive the results of genotyping for RS1051730 until all data collection has been completed.	Behavioral: No results given Participants will not be offered to receive the results of genotyping for RS1051730 until all data collection has been completed.

Arm

Intervention/Treatment

Experimental: Receipt of Genetic Results

Receipt of Genetic Results indicates that participants have received the results of genotyping for RS1051730

Behavioral: Receipt of Genetic Results

Participants will receive the results of genotyping for RS1051730

Active Comparator: No results given

Participants will not be offered to receive the results of genotyping for RS1051730 until all data collection has been completed.

Behavioral: No results given

Participants will not be offered to receive the results of genotyping for RS1051730 until all data collection has been completed.

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

Change in Baseline Smoking Abstinence at 2, 6, and 10 Weeks after Genotyping Results [Weeks 2, 6, and 10 after genotyping results]
Abstinence: Point-Prevalence & Continuous Self-Report; Exhaled CO: <= 6 ppm past 24 hrs.; Salivary Cotinine: <15 ng/ml past 7 days

Secondary Outcome Measures

Change in Baseline Use of Pharmacotherapy at 2, 6, and 10 Weeks after Genotyping Results [2, 6, and 10 weeks after genotyping results]
Use of Pharmacotherapy: Self-report of type and frequency of use of FDA-approved smoking cessation medications. Verification of product at data collection.

Other Outcome Measures

Change in Baseline Knowledge of Genetic Contributions to Smoking at 2, 6, and 10 Weeks after Genotyping Results [2, 6, and 10 weeks after genotyping results]
Knowledge Test of Genetics & Smoking Investigator Developed. 20 items; correct items are summed. Scores 0-20. Higher scores indicate more knowledge.

Eligibility Criteria

Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study:

19 Years and Older

Sexes Eligible for Study:

All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers:

Yes

Inclusion Criteria:

19 years of age;
smoking>= 10 cigarettes/day;
intention to quit smoking at some time in the future;
able to understand, speak, and write in English, and
physically and mentally able to participate.

The investigators are excluding participants who do not understand, speak or write in English at this time because: (1) the consent document, the educational genetics presentation, and data collection forms are currently written in English only and (2)the resources to make the educational presentation and data collection documents culturally-specific for other cultures are not available. In making the study relevant for non-English speaking participants, it is not only a literal translation the presentation and documents into another language that is needed, but the ideas of health and heredity from the culture related to the language also need to be taken into account when presenting the study and the study materials in another language.

Exclusion Criteria:

current treatment for a mental disorder with psychotic symptoms;
diagnosis of cancer (other than basal or squamous cell skin cancer) or other life-threatening illness;
pregnant, or
currently enrolled in another smoking research study.