Dietary Intakes and Periodontal Health: A Follow-Up Study

Sponsor

Brock University (Other)

Overall Status

Completed

CT.gov ID

NCT03073174

Collaborator

Dr. Peter C. Fritz, Periodontal Wellness & Implant Surgery (Other)

Enrollment

Location

15.9

Actual Duration (Months)

2.7

Patients Per Site Per Month

Study Details

Study Description

Brief Summary

A previous study, on which this study is based, found that a diet higher in fruits and vegetables, beta-carotene, vitamin C, alpha-tocopherol, and fish oils (specifically eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)) was positively associated with periodontal healing after sanative therapy (NCT02291835). The investigator's next step, in the present study, is to determine long-term benefits of sanative therapy in which patients have regular maintenance hygiene cleanings on periodontal health. Specifically, the relationship between intakes of specific foods, nutrients and supplements with clinical periodontal outcomes will be studied.

Condition or Disease	Intervention/Treatment	Phase
Periodontal Attachment Loss Periodontal Pocket

Detailed Description

Periodontitis is a chronic oral infection that results in the breakdown of connective tissue and alveolar bone that support the teeth. Bacteria and the body's own immune system mediate the severity of periodontitis, where teeth may become loose, fall out or have to be removed. Sanative therapy is a non-surgical process involving mechanical debridement of bacterial biofilms on roots of teeth, below the gum line. Participants in this present study previously underwent sanative therapy several years ago and have been attending the clinic for regular maintenance appointments to maintain periodontal health. While significant associations were observed with higher intakes of fruits and vegetables and specific nutrients (vitamins C and E, beta-carotene, fish oils) within a few months after sanative therapy, this study will follow-up these findings to determine if such relationships persist during a period of relatively stable periodontal health. Given new insights into a potential role of flavonoids in maintaining periodontal health, this aspect will also be studied. The overall objective is to determine if higher intakes of foods, nutrients and supplements known to have osteogenic and immunomodulatory effects are associated with improved clinical outcomes in individuals who previously underwent sanative therapy. At the regular maintenance appointment, clinical measures will be evaluated (clinical attachment loss, probing depth, bleeding on probing, plaque index). As well, the following will be evaluated: dietary intakes of macronutrients and micronutrients using the Block 2015 food frequency questionnaire; intakes of fruit, vegetables and fiber using the Block Dietary Fruit-Vegetable-Fiber Screener; nutritional supplement use and tea intake using specially developed questionnaires and salivary markers of inflammation using biochemical assays.

Study Design

Study Type:

Observational

Actual Enrollment :

43 participants

Observational Model:

Cohort

Time Perspective:

Prospective

Official Title:

Dietary Intakes and Periodontal Outcomes After Sanative Therapy: A Follow-Up Study

Actual Study Start Date :

Jan 1, 2017

Actual Primary Completion Date :

Apr 1, 2018

Actual Study Completion Date :

May 1, 2018

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

Clinical Attachment Loss (CAL) (also called Periodontal Attachment Loss) [At maintenance appointment (1 hour)]
Clinical Attachment Loss is a routine clinical measure of periodontal health (measured in mm)

Secondary Outcome Measures

Probing Depth [At maintenance appointment (1 hour)]
Probing depth is a routine clinical measure of periodontal health (measured in mm)
Bleeding on Probing [At maintenance appointment (1 hour)]
Bleeding on Probing is a measure of inflammation and determined as the percent of bleeding sites that are measured at 6 sites per tooth.
Plaque Index [At maintenance appointment (1 hour)]
O'Leary Plaque Score Index is a score of the total amount of plaque present at 4 surfaces of the tooth.

Other Outcome Measures

Dietary Nutrient Intakes [At maintenance appointment (1 hour)]
Dietary intakes measured using the Block food frequency questionnaire
Tea Intakes [At maintenance appointment (1 hour)]
Quantity and type of tea consumed will be determined using a questionnaire
Servings of Fruits, Vegetables and Fiber [At maintenance appointment (1 hour)]
A questionnaire called the Block Fruit-Vegtable-Fiber Screener is used to provide a score that pertains to number of servings of fruits, vegetables and fiber consumed over past month
Dietary Supplement Intakes [At maintenance appointment (1 hour)]
Intakes of specific dietary supplements measured using a dietary supplement questionnaire
Salivary Markers of Inflammation [At maintenance appointment (1 hour)]
Specific markers of inflammation measured in saliva