Effects of Exendin(9-39) on Gastroduodenal Motility

Sponsor

Ludwig-Maximilians - University of Munich (Other)

Overall Status

Completed

CT.gov ID

NCT00468091

Collaborator

German Research Foundation (Other), Philipps University Marburg Medical Center (Other)

Enrollment

Location

Arms

Duration (Months)

0.5

Patients Per Site Per Month

Study Details

Study Description

Brief Summary

The purpose of this study in humans is to define the effects of the endogenous hormone GLP-1 on gastroduodenal motility and on endocrine pancreatic secretion by using the specific GLP-1 receptor antagonist exendin(9-39). To elucidate possible cholinergic pathways, we combined exendin(9-39) with the muscarinergic antagonist atropine.

Condition or Disease	Intervention/Treatment	Phase
Digestive Physiology Gastrointestinal Motility Gastrointestinal Hormones Glucagon-like Peptide 1 Exendin (9-39)	Drug: exendin(9-39)amide Drug: atropine	Phase 1

Detailed Description

Following a meal, gut-produced incretin hormones such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) are released into the circulation. GLP-1 and GIP, the two dominant incretin hormones, are part of a natural endogenous system involved in maintaining glucose homeostasis. In the presence of normal or elevated, but not low, glucose concentration, both GLP-1 and GIP increase insulin secretion from pancreatic islet beta-cells. GLP-1 also lowers glucagon secretion from pancreatic alpha-cells and delays nutrient delivery from the stomach by inhibiting gastric emptying. These combined effects improve glucose tolerance providing the rationale for a therapeutic potential of GLP-1 analogues in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.

A dominant gastrointestinal action of synthetic GLP-1 is the inhibition of gastroduodenal and stimulation of pyloric motility, resulting in a delay of gastric emptying and in decreased glycemic excursions. Postprandial glucose fluctuations have been demonstrated to be an important determinant of glycemic control as assessed by A1C. Moreover, emerging evidence shows a strong link between transient postprandial hyperglycemia and microvascular and macrovascular complications in diabetes mellitus. Deceleration of gastric emptying is now considered as mechanism to lower postprandial glycemia in patients with diabetes mellitus. It is part of the pharmacodynamic profile of new antidiabetic incretinomimetica. In contrast, inhibition of the enzyme dipeptidylpeptidase 4 (DPP-4) which is responsible for the rapid degradation of GLP-1 failed to show an effect on gastric emptying in human although plasma GLP-1 was increased by twofold. Most of our understanding of the effects of GLP-1 is based upon studies employing synthetic GLP-1 whereas only little is known about endogenously released GLP-1.

Using the specific GLP-1 receptor antagonist exendin(9-39) we were able to show that endogenous GLP-1 acts as an incretin hormone in human. Moreover, the inhibition of antroduodenal and the stimulation of pyloric motility during a duodenal glucose load were reversed by the GLP-1 receptor antagonist. In order to more completely evaluate the effects of GLP-1 as an enterogastrone, the present study examines the effects of exendin(9-39) on antropyloroduodenal and proximal gastric motility during a physiological meal. As cholinergic pathways are thought to be involved in inhibitory actions of GLP-1 we combine the GLP-1 receptor antagonist with the muscarinergic antagonist atropine. To ensure a comparable stimulation of GLP-1 under all experimental conditions we decide to perfuse the meal directly into the duodenum.

Comparisons: In ten healthy volunteers, an interdigestive period is followed by 70 min with duodenal perfusion of a mixed liquid meal (250 kcal). On four days and in random order, exendin(9-39) (300 pmol•kg-1•min-1), atropine (5 µg•kg-1•h-1), exendin(9-39) + atropine or saline are intravenously infused. Antro-pyloro-duodenal perfusion manometry and fundic motility (electronic barostat) are assessed in parallel. Isobaric distensions of the proximal stomach were performed determining compliance.

Study Design

Study Type:

Interventional

Actual Enrollment :

10 participants

Allocation:

Randomized

Intervention Model:

Crossover Assignment

Masking:

Double

Primary Purpose:

Diagnostic

Official Title:

Regulation of Antro-pyloro-duodenal and Proximal Gastric Motility by GLP-1: Involvement of Cholinergic Pathways

Study Start Date :

Feb 1, 1999

Actual Study Completion Date :

Sep 1, 2000

Arms and Interventions

Arm	Intervention/Treatment
Placebo Comparator: saline-saline saline IV + saline IV
Active Comparator: saline-exendin(9-39)amide saline IV + exendin(9-39)amide IV	Drug: exendin(9-39)amide
Active Comparator: saline-atropine saline IV + atropine IV	Drug: atropine
Active Comparator: exendin(9-39)amide-atropine exendin(9-39)amide IV + atropine IV	Drug: exendin(9-39)amide Drug: atropine

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

Effect of exendin(9-39) on gastroduodenal motility Effect of exendin(9-39) on gastroduodenal motility with simultaneous atropine [within the 200 min study period]

Secondary Outcome Measures

Effect of exendin(9-39) on blood glucose levels and plasma immunoreactivities of insulin, glucagon, and pancreatic polypeptide [within the 200 min study period]

Eligibility Criteria

Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study:

18 Years to 65 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study:

All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers:

Yes

Inclusion Criteria:

Male or female (postmenopausal, surgically sterile or using double-barrier method of contraception) healthy volunteers
Age 18-65 years
Body mass index (BMI) < 30 kg/m2
Must have a fasting blood glucose below 100 mg/dl at screening and on all study days
Able to provide written informed consent prior to study participation
Able to communicate well with the investigator and comply with the requirements of the study

Exclusion Criteria:

Diabetes mellitus
Treatment with systemic steroids and thyroid hormone
Patients with any history of gastrointestinal surgery, e.g. partial bowel resections, partial gastric resections, etc.
Participation in any clinical investigation within 4 weeks prior to dosing or longer if required by local regulation.
Donation or loss of 400 mL or more of blood within 8 weeks prior to dosing.
Significant illness within the two weeks prior to dosing.
Past medical history of clinically significant electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities or a family history of a prolonged QT-interval syndrome.
History of clinically significant drug allergy; history of atopic allergy (asthma, urticaria, eczematous dermatitis). A known hypersensitivity to the study drug or drugs similar to the study drug.
Any surgical or medical condition which might significantly alter the absorption, distribution, metabolism or excretion of drugs or which may jeopardize the subject in case of participation in the study. The investigator should be guided by evidence of any of the following:
history of inflammatory bowel syndrome, gastritis, ulcers, gastrointestinal or rectal bleeding
history of major gastrointestinal tract surgery such as gastrectomy, gastroenterostomy, or bowel resection
history or clinical evidence of pancreatic injury or pancreatitis