Refractory Eustachian Tube Dysfunction: Are the Symptoms Related to Endolymphatic Hydrops

Sponsor

Vanderbilt University (Other)

Overall Status

Withdrawn

CT.gov ID

NCT01661777

Collaborator

(none)

Enrollment

Location

Arms

Duration (Months)

Patients Per Site Per Month

Study Details

Study Description

Brief Summary

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the benefit of treatment of refractory Eustachian tube dysfunction with standard treatment for endolymphatic hydrops. Eustachian tube dysfunction is a common diagnosis made in otolaryngology related to abnormal pressure equalization of the middle ear space related to a swollen, inflamed, or occluded Eustachian tube. The symptoms of this include perceived hearing loss, a feeling of fullness in the affected ear/ears, ear pain, ear popping, and occasionally imbalance. These symptoms overlap with a more rare and difficult to diagnose condition known as endolymphatic hydrops, or an overproduction to fluid in the inner ear. The treatment for these two conditions are distinct and traditionally, patients are treated for Eustachian tube dysfunction first as it is much more common and there are several treatments, namely nasal steroids, antihistamines, and pressure equalization tubes. For patients who do not improve with these treatments, they are often treated with diuretics and a low salt diet to treat for supposed endolymphatic hydrops. There has never been a study to investigate the utility of these treatments in patients with refractory Eustachian tube dysfunction. There is also reason to believe that chronic ETD with effusion can lead to both inner and middle ear dysfunction. Thus, this study aims to determine the benefit of standard endolymphatic hydrops treatment on patient with refractory Eustachian tube dysfunction symptoms in a prospective fashion.

Hypothesis:

Patients with refractory Eustachian tube dysfunction (patients with no or minimal symptom improvement despite nasal steroid and antihistamine treatment followed by myringotomy tube placement) have an element of endolymphatic hydrops and these patient's symptoms will improve with a low sodium diet and diuretic.

Condition or Disease	Intervention/Treatment	Phase
Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Endolymphatic Hydrops	Drug: Nasal steroid Procedure: Myringotomy tube placement Drug: Diuretic Drug: Antihistamine Behavioral: Low salt diet	N/A

Detailed Description

Eustachian tube dysfunction is one of the most common problems encountered in general otolaryngology clinical practice. Symptoms of ear pressure, decreased hearing, ear pain, ear popping, and frequent ear infections are often blamed on the inability of the Eustachian tube to equalize air pressure across the ear drum. If the Eustachian tube is occluded, the middle ear space becomes a closed chamber in which normal gas exchange cannot occur. Treatment of Eustachian dysfunction has traditionally focused on a two tier system. First, patients are most often placed on a nasal steroid and an antihistamine. This medication regimen leads to decreased nasal inflammation, mucosal swelling, and treats nasal allergy. In many patients, this treatment improves symptoms completely or reduces them to a tolerable level. If the patient's symptoms are not improved, the next step in management is to create a surgical tract to the middle ear via a myringotomy (a hole across the ear drum) and placing a pressure equalization tube across the tympanic membrane. This bypasses any anatomical obstruction in the Eustachian tube and allows the middle ear pressure to equalize with the atmospheric pressure across the tympanic membrane. Unfortunately, despite this, there are patients with refractory symptoms, often ear pressure and subjectively decreased hearing. These symptoms are also frequently associated with inner ear disease, specifically endolymphatic hydrops. Endolymphatic hydrops is felt to be related to over production of endolymphatic fluid, the fluid within the inner ear. Thus, we propose that patient's will refractory Eustachian tube dysfunction are experiencing an inner ear phenomenon, and that they would benefit from treatment similar to how endolymphatic hydrops (or over production of endolymphatic fluid) is managed. The mainstays of management of endolymphatic hydrops are a low sodium diet and diuretic treatment (hydrochlorothiazide/triamterene). Both of these treatments aim to reduce endolymph production.

Study Design

Study Type:

Interventional

Actual Enrollment :

0 participants

Allocation:

Non-Randomized

Intervention Model:

Single Group Assignment

Masking:

None (Open Label)

Primary Purpose:

Treatment

Official Title:

Refractory Eustachian Tube Dysfunction: Are the Symptoms Related to Endolymphatic Hydrops?

Study Start Date :

Aug 1, 2012

Actual Primary Completion Date :

Aug 1, 2013

Actual Study Completion Date :

Aug 1, 2013

Arms and Interventions

Arm	Intervention/Treatment
Other: Nasal steroid and Antihistamine Patients with ETD will be given nasal steroid and antihistamine for 8 weeks.	Drug: Nasal steroid Drug: Antihistamine
Active Comparator: Myringotomy tubes Patients who fail nasal steroid and antihistamine treatment will have myringotomy tubes placed.	Procedure: Myringotomy tube placement
Active Comparator: Low salt diet and diuretic Patient's who fail to improve with myringotomy tubes will be treated with low salt det and diuretic	Drug: Diuretic Behavioral: Low salt diet

Arm

Intervention/Treatment

Other: Nasal steroid and Antihistamine

Patients with ETD will be given nasal steroid and antihistamine for 8 weeks.

Drug: Nasal steroid

Drug: Antihistamine

Active Comparator: Myringotomy tubes

Patients who fail nasal steroid and antihistamine treatment will have myringotomy tubes placed.

Procedure: Myringotomy tube placement

Active Comparator: Low salt diet and diuretic

Patient's who fail to improve with myringotomy tubes will be treated with low salt det and diuretic

Drug: Diuretic

Behavioral: Low salt diet

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

Improvement in patient ETD symptoms with nasal steroid and antihistamine alone [2 years]
Determine the degree to which ETD symptoms are relieved with nasal steroid and antihistamine alone.
Improvement in patient ETD symptoms with pressure equalization tubes [2 years]
Determine the degree to which patient's symptoms related to ETD improve after placement of pressure equalization tubes.
Improvement in patients with refractory ETD symptoms with treatment for endolymphatic hydrops with a diuretic and low salt diet [2 years]
Determine the degree of improvement of patient symptoms in the setting of refractory ETD after a low salt diet and diuretic treatment.

Eligibility Criteria

Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study:

18 Years to 70 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study:

All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers:

Inclusion Criteria:

Any male or female patient 18-70 years old diagnosed with Eustachian tube dysfunction, as determined by clinical evaluation of symptoms and positive ETDQ-7.
Non-smoker
Normotensive or hypertensive (systolic blood pressure >115, diastolic blood pressure

Normal renal function (Cr <1.00)
Not currently on acetazolamide
Not currently on a low salt diet
Competent in decision making process and able to sign a written informed consent form.
No other previous alternative otologic diagnosis

Exclusion Criteria:

Smoking
Kidney disease (Cr >1.00)
Hypotension (systolic blood pressure <115, diastolic blood pressure <75)
Strong history of vascular disease (heart attack, stroke, heart failure, peripheral vascular disease i.e. claudication, gangrene, amputation)
Alternative otologic diagnosis (Meniere's disease)
Allergy or adverse reaction to previous administration of hydrochlorothiazide/triamterene
Concurrent aspirin use
Current or planned pregnancy during the course of the study