Football 4 Health in Middle-aged to Older Adults
Study Details
Study Description
Brief Summary
Ageing in humans is accompanied by a progressive decline in lower-limb muscle power production. In addition to a decline in musculoskeletal fitness, ageing is associated with a reduction in cardiovascular and metabolic fitness. Therefore, if exercise interventions aim for a high impact on the overall health status of middle-aged and older adults, they should combine endurance, high-intensity interval training and muscular strengthening activities. Recreational football training combines all these training components, which implies that it could constitute an adequate training modality for participants of all ages. What remains to be investigated in more detail, is whether recreational football training can improve muscle power production in middle-aged to older adults and whether this potential improvement is present across the full force-velocity (F-V) profile. Next to a detailed analysis of the leg-extensor F-V profile as primary outcome, simultaneous effects on functional capacity, body composition and endurance exercise capacity were investigated. In addition, feasibility and the physical demands (internal and external load indicators) of the training program were tracked throughout the intervention period.
| Condition or Disease | Intervention/Treatment | Phase |
|---|---|---|
|
N/A |
Study Design
Arms and Interventions
| Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
|---|---|
| Experimental: Football training 10-week football training program with small-sided games, 2x/week, 45min-1h |
Other: Football training
10-week progressive football training with small-sided games, 2x/week, 45min-1h sessions
|
| No Intervention: Control No intervention, no changes in lifestyle and diet |
Outcome Measures
Primary Outcome Measures
- Maximal power [Time Frame: Change from baseline in maximal power (watt) at 12 weeks]
Force-velocity profiling is carried out unilaterally (dominant leg) on the pneumatic leg press device (Leg Press CC, HUR, Kokkola, Finland). The test protocol consists of a maximal isometric test (knee joint angle = 85°, hip angle = 55°; 3 attempts of 3s), followed by explosive concentric leg extensions at gradually increasing loads (unloaded, 15%, 30%, 45%, 60%, 75% of the maximal isometric force, 2-3 attempts per load, and additional single repetitions until one-repetition maximum is reached). Mean velocity of the best trial per load is used to estimate the individual F-v relationship through a linear equation. This F-v relationship will be used to examine the exercise-induced adaptations. Maximal power is used for the analyses.
- Maximal force [Time Frame: Change from baseline in maximal force (N) at 12 weeks]
Force-velocity profiling is carried out unilaterally (dominant leg) on the pneumatic leg press device (Leg Press CC, HUR, Kokkola, Finland). The test protocol consists of a maximal isometric test (knee joint angle = 85°, hip angle = 55°; 3 attempts of 3s), followed by explosive concentric leg extensions at gradually increasing loads (unloaded, 15%, 30%, 45%, 60%, 75% of the maximal isometric force, 2-3 attempts per load, and additional single repetitions until one-repetition maximum is reached). Mean velocity of the best trial per load is used to estimate the individual F-v relationship through a linear equation. This F-v relationship will be used to examine the exercise-induced adaptations. Maximal force is used for the analyses.
- Maximal velocity [Time Frame: Change from baseline in maximal velocity (m/s) at 12 weeks]
Force-velocity profiling is carried out unilaterally (dominant leg) on the pneumatic leg press device (Leg Press CC, HUR, Kokkola, Finland). The test protocol consists of a maximal isometric test (knee joint angle = 85°, hip angle = 55°; 3 attempts of 3s), followed by explosive concentric leg extensions at gradually increasing loads (unloaded, 15%, 30%, 45%, 60%, 75% of the maximal isometric force, 2-3 attempts per load, and additional single repetitions until one-repetition maximum is reached). Mean velocity of the best trial per load is used to estimate the individual F-v relationship through a linear equation. This F-v relationship will be used to examine the exercise-induced adaptations. Maximal velocity is used for the analyses.
- Slope of F-V profile [Time Frame: Change from baseline in the slope of F-V profile at 12 weeks]
Force-velocity profiling is carried out unilaterally (dominant leg) on the pneumatic leg press device (Leg Press CC, HUR, Kokkola, Finland). The test protocol consists of a maximal isometric test (knee joint angle = 85°, hip angle = 55°; 3 attempts of 3s), followed by explosive concentric leg extensions at gradually increasing loads (unloaded, 15%, 30%, 45%, 60%, 75% of the maximal isometric force, 2-3 attempts per load, and additional single repetitions until one-repetition maximum is reached). Mean velocity of the best trial per load is used to estimate the individual F-v relationship through a linear equation. This F-v relationship will be used to examine the exercise-induced adaptations. The equation's slope is used for the analyses.
Secondary Outcome Measures
- Exercise adherence [Total adherence over 10-week period]
Number of sessions attended as a percentage of total sessions planned
- Enjoyment [within 1 week post-intervention]
Question: 'How much did you enjoy the training program?' Answer: 11-point Likert scale (0 = 'not at all...' to 10 = 'very...'
- Score on feasibility questionnaire [within 1 week post-intervention]
Question: 'How feasible was the training program for you?' Answer: 11-point Likert scale (0 = 'not at all...' to 10 = 'very...'
- Future intention to participate [within 1 week post-intervention]
Question: 'How high is the chance that you subscribe for a new sequence of training sessions?' Answer: 11-point Likert scale (0 = 'not at all...' to 10 = 'very...'
- External load: total distance [Average calculated over 10-week period]
Total distance covered per training session, measured by means of GPS metrics
- External load: meters in speed zones [Average calculated over 10-week period]
Total meters in different speed zones per training session, measured by means of GPS metrics
- Internal load: time in speed zones [Average calculated over 10-week period]
Total time in different speed zones per training session, measured by means of GPS metrics
- External load: number of accelerations [Average calculated over 10-week period]
Number of accelerations (> 2m/s²), measured by means of GPS metrics
- External load: number of decelerations [Average calculated over 10-week period]
Number of decelerations (< -2m/s²), measured by means of GPS metrics
- Internal load: average heart rate [Average calculated over 10-week period]
Average heart rate (percent of heart rate max) during training session, measured by means of heart rate sensor
- Internal load: time in heart rate zone [Average calculated over 10-week period]
Total time in different heart rate zones per training session, measured by means of heart rate sensor
- Gait speed [Change from baseline in gait speed at 10 weeks]
The average speed to walk 10m as fast as possible (in m/s)
- Countermovement jump height [Change from baseline in countermovement jump height at 10 weeks]
Jump height (cm) in a countermovement jump
- Timed up and go [Change from baseline in timed up and go time at 10 weeks]
Time (in s) needed to stand up from a chair, walk 3 m, turn, walk back and sit down again (as fast as possible)
- 5-repetition sit-to-stand time [Change from baseline in sit-to-stand performance at 10 weeks]
The time (s) needed to perform 5 sit-to-stand transitions.
- 5-repetition sit-to-stand power [Change from baseline in sit-to-stand performance at 10 weeks]
The power (watt) needed to perform 5 sit-to-stand transitions.
- Stair ascent time [Change from baseline in stair climbing performance at 10 weeks]
The time (s) needed to ascend a flight of stairs.
- Stair ascent power [Change from baseline in stair climbing performance at 10 weeks]
The power (watt) needed to ascend a flight of stairs.
- Body fat percentage [Change from baseline in body fat percentage at 10 weeks]
Percentage of body fat, measured with bio-electrical impedance analysis
- Skeletal muscle mass [Change from baseline in skeletal muscle mass at 10 weeks]
Skeletal muscle mass, estimated with bio-electrical impedance analysis
- Running speed at 2mM lactate [Change from baseline in running speed at 10 weeks]
Endurance exercise capacity test on treadmill: running speed at 2mM lactate value
- Running speed at 4mM lactate [Change from baseline in running speed at 10 weeks]
Endurance exercise capacity test on treadmill: running speed at 4mM lactate value
- Rate of perceived exertion (RPE) [Change from baseline in RPE at 10 weeks]
RPE of the common highest intensity block, completed in the pre- as well as post-intervention test (i.e., values at the same speed level in both tests)
- Lactate value [Change from baseline in lactate at 10 weeks]
Lactate value of the common highest intensity block, completed in the pre- as well as post-intervention test (i.e., values at the same speed level in both tests)
Eligibility Criteria
Criteria
Exclusion Criteria:
-
Unstable cardiovascular disease
-
Neurological disorders
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Cognitive malfunctioning
-
Acute infections or fever
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Severe musculoskeletal problems
-
Systematic engagement in (resistance) exercise in the 12 months prior to participation
Contacts and Locations
Locations
| Site | City | State | Country | Postal Code | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Department of Movement Sciences | Leuven | Belgium | 3001 |
Sponsors and Collaborators
- KU Leuven
Investigators
None specified.Study Documents (Full-Text)
None provided.More Information
Publications
None provided.- S64926