Compare Continuous Gastrocnemius Plane Block With Intravenous Analgesia After Foot and Ankle Surgery
Study Details
Study Description
Brief Summary
This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a continuous gastrocnemius plane block for perioperative analgesia in patients undergoing foot and ankle surgery under elective general anesthesia.
| Condition or Disease | Intervention/Treatment | Phase |
|---|---|---|
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Phase 3 |
Detailed Description
Anatomical studies show that the 0.2% methylene blue was injected into the upper and lower surface of the gastrocnemius muscle and then diffused to the periphery.The common peroneal nerve, the medial sural cutaneous nerve, the lateral sural cutaneous nerve and the tibial nerve below the gastrocnemius muscle are all strongly stained (3 / 4 color of the nerve) or fully stained.
Previous clinical studies have shown that a single gastrocnemius muscle plane block can provide good postoperative analgesia after 16 hours for patients with foot and ankle surgery, significantly reduce the dose of opioids, and see no nerve injury.
Therefore, the investigators hypothesized that continuous gastrocnemius plane block could provide more lasting analgesia in patients undergoing foot-ankle surgery.
This clinical study uses a single-center, randomized, single-blind, parallel controlled trial design, divided into screening period, treatment period and follow-up periods.
Patients were randomized into two groups, the ropivacaine group and the control group.The venous access was open after home invasion and was routinely monitored electrocardiogram(ECG), non-invasive blood pressure(NBP) ，oxygen saturation(SpO2)，bispectral index(BIS). General anesthesia was performed.
Induction of anesthesia: propofol 1 milligram / kg, cis atracurium 0.2 milligrams / kilogram, sufentanil 10 micrograms ,remifentanil at 1.5 micrograms/ kilogram. Anesthesia maintenance: Propofol and sevoflurane static aspiration compound bispectral index was maintained at 4060, remifentanil 0.30.4 μg / kg/min intravenous pump, and additional cis atracurium was added according to neuromuscular monitoring. In the postoperative ropivacaine group, the patient took a lateral decubitus position, and underwent a gastrocnemius plane block and catheterization under ultrasound guidance to connect a disposable electron infusion pump. (Formula of 0.125% ropivacaine of 300 milliliters, background dose of 3.0 milliliters / hour, patient controlled analgesia(PCA) dose of 8 milliliters , and locking time of 25 minutes). The control group received intravenous oxycodone titrated according to the numerical rating scale (NRS) score, and received no background dose of oxycodone patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) pump for analgesia (single dose 1milligram, locking time 5minutes, 4 hours limit 12milligrams). All patients were given 50 milligrams of fluorophenol ester intravenously. Remedial analgesia: if patient controlled analgesia still can not tolerate the pain and numerical rating scale(NRS) ≥4, can be given intravenously oxycodone was done 2milligrams, separated by over 3 minutes, until numerical rating scale(NRS) ≤3.
Record: block range of 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, 60 minutes, 90 minutes, 1 hour, 4 hours, 8 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, 48hours and numerical rating scale(NRS) score during rest and exercise; time of first pressing of the analgesic pump; times of controlled analgesia (PCA); 0-4 hours, 0-8 hours, 0-16 hours, 0-24 hours, 8-16 hours, 16-24 hours, 24-32 hours, 32-40 hours,40-48 hours pain intensity-time curve (AUC); dose and times of remedial analgesic administration; Records: affected limb muscle strength and paresthesia, length of hospitalization, time of first ambulation, nausea and vomiting, neurological complications, patient satisfaction, physician and nurse satisfaction, etc.
The patient had open venous access after home invasion and was routinely monitored for electrocardiogram(ECG), non-invasive blood pressure(NBP) ，oxygen saturation(SpO2) and bispectral index(BIS). Induction and maintenance were performed according to a uniform anesthesia protocol. Postoperatively, the block was performed by the same anesthesiologist familiar with the ultrasound-guided nerve block. Various study indicators and data were collected by the same anesthesiologist who was not aware of the grouping situation.
Study Design
Arms and Interventions
| Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
|---|---|
| Experimental: Experimental group: Ropivacaine-controlled analgesia pump A single injection of 0.375% Ropivacaine 15 milliliters was given into the common peroneal nerve, medial sural cutaneous nerve, and lateral sural cutaneous nerve. Than，a catheter was placed in the gastrocnemius plane, and a 0.125% ropivacaine-controlled analgesic pump was applied.(The formulation was 0.125% ropivacaine at 300 milliliters, with a background dose of 3 milliliters/hours, a patient-controlled analgesia(PCA) dose of 8 milliliters, and a locking time of 25 minutes.） |
Drug: Continuous Gastrocnemius plane block with ropivacaine
After extubation, the patient was routinely monitored for his vital signs.The nerve block operation was performed by the same doctor: let the patient take the lateral decubitus position, use the ultrasonic high-frequency array probe under the popliteal socket to scan the sciatic nerve, move the probe down to find the tibial nerve and the common peroneal nerve, and then a single injection of 0.375% Ropivacaine 15milliliters was given into the common peroneal nerve, medial sural cutaneous nerve, and lateral sural cutaneous nerve. Then avoid common peroneal nerve, use the indwelling needle (16GA 3.25 IN), and put the catheter after saline expansion.
Other Names:
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| Experimental: Control group: oxycodone-controlled analgesia pump No treatment was given preoperatively, and postoperative oxycodone patient-controlled intravenous analgesia(PCIA). After awakening, intravenous oxycodone was titrated according to numerical rating scale(NRS) score, providing analgesia without background dose of oxycodone patient-controlled intravenous analgesia(PCIA) pump (single dose 1 milligram, locking time 5 minutes, 14 hours limit 12 milligrams) |
Drug: oxycodone
The patient was revived and received intravenous oxycodone titration according to the numerical rating scale (NRS) score, and was treated with no background dose of oxycodone patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) pump for analgesia.
Other Names:
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Outcome Measures
Primary Outcome Measures
- Area under the pain intensity-time curve [Up to 48 hours postoperative]
The smaller the area under the pain intensity-time curve, the better the nerve block effect
Secondary Outcome Measures
- Percentage of subjects without remedial analgesics [Up to 48 hours postoperative]
The greater the percentage of subjects without remedial analgesics, the better the nerve block
- The cumulative amount of remedial analgesic drugs (oxycodone) used [Up to 48 hours postoperative]
The smaller the cumulative amount of remedial analgesic drugs, the better the nerve blockade
- Number of remedial analgesia [Up to 48 hours postoperative]
The less the remedial analgesia is, the better the nerve blockade is
- Number of effective patient controlled analgesia (PCA) compressions [Up to 48 hours postoperative]
Number of effective patient controlled analgesia (PCA) compressions
- The proportion of the number of invalid presses to the total presses [Up to 48 hours postoperative]
A smaller proportion of ineffective presses to total presses indicates a better nerve block
- Total number of patient controlled analgesia (PCA) presses [Up to 48 hours postoperative]
Total number of patient controlled analgesia (PCA) presses
Other Outcome Measures
- The incidence of muscle strength and sensory abnormalities in the affected limb [Up to 48 hours postoperative]
The lower the incidence of muscle strength and sensory abnormalities in the affected limb, the better the effect of continuous gastrocnemius plane block
- The incidence of adverse reactions, such as nausea, vomiting, and neurological complications [Up to 48 hours postoperative]
The lower the incidence of adverse effects such as nausea, vomiting, and neurological complications, the better the continuous gastrocnemius plane block technique
- First time to get out of bed [Up to 48 hours postoperative]
First bedtime helps to judge the effect of the nerve block
- The incidence of adverse events [Up to 48 hours postoperative]
Prevent adverse events such as catheter leakage and shedding
- Patient satisfaction score [Up to 48 hours postoperative]
Rated on a 0-10 scale, with a higher score representing greater satisfaction.
- The incidence of outbreak pain [Up to 7 days postoperative]
Patients with a single nerve block will have a burst of pain phenomenon, so we need to record the presence of a postoperative burst of pain phenomenon in patients with consecutive blocks
Eligibility Criteria
Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
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Patients undergoing elective foot and ankle surgery
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Patient informed consent was obtained
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Age 18 to 65 years Sex is not limited
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American Society of Anesthesiologists(ASA)Ⅰ~Ⅲ level
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Body Mass Index(BMI)18~28kg/m2
Exclusion Criteria:
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Puncture site infection
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Abnormal coagulation function
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Local anesthetic allergy
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Severe cardiopulmonary disease
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Liver and renal insufficiency
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Medical history of chronic pain
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Long-term use of sedative and analgesic drugs
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Communication disorders
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The operation time exceeded 3 hours
Contacts and Locations
Locations
No locations specified.Sponsors and Collaborators
- Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University
Investigators
None specified.Study Documents (Full-Text)
More Information
Publications
- Anderson JG, Bohay DR, Maskill JD, Gadkari KP, Hearty TM, Braaksma W, Padley MA, Weaver KT. Complications After Popliteal Block for Foot and Ankle Surgery. Foot Ankle Int. 2015 Oct;36(10):1138-43. doi: 10.1177/1071100715589741. Epub 2015 Jun 24.
- Bai Shu order, should be dajun et al. descriptive anatomy. The People's Health Publishing House. 353-357.
- Dong Guangyu, Huang Bingzhe, Zhang Hanyang, Chang Fei. Ankle joint block treatment. The Electronic Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery. 2017, 4(3):59.
- Gartke K, Portner O, Taljaard M. Neuropathic symptoms following continuous popliteal block after foot and ankle surgery. Foot Ankle Int. 2012 Apr;33(4):267-74. doi: 10.3113/FAI.2012.0267.
- Provenzano DA, Viscusi ER, Adams SB Jr, Kerner MB, Torjman MC, Abidi NA. Safety and efficacy of the popliteal fossa nerve block when utilized for foot and ankle surgery. Foot Ankle Int. 2002 May;23(5):394-9.
- Qiu Wen, Yu Bin. Randomized controlled study of continuous popliteal sciatic nerve block analgesia and intravenous analgesia after foot and ankle surgery. Journal of Tongji University (Medical edition), 2 018,39 (02): 99-102.
- Sun Li, Wei Jinju. Patient VAS was scored by ultrasound-guided continuous sciatic nerve block during foot surgery And the effect analysis of morphine dosage. Journal of Mathematical Medicine, 2019,32 (4): 523-524.
- Zhang Jinfang, Li Yimei. Ultrasound-guided continuous popliteal sciatic nerve block for postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing foot and ankle surgery. The World's Latest Medical Information Abstract, 2019,19 (68): 1-3.
- Han Liu