The Effect of Maternal Dadiah Supplementation During Pregnancy on Child Growth and Gastrointestinal Health Outcomes

Sponsor

Andalas University (Other)

Overall Status

Completed

CT.gov ID

NCT05140928

Collaborator

Indonesia University (Other)

Enrollment

Location

Arms

12.6

Actual Duration (Months)

4.1

Patients Per Site Per Month

Study Details

Study Description

Brief Summary

The aim of our study is to assess the effect of giving dadiah as a supplement to pregnant women on improving the growth and digestive health of children.

Condition or Disease	Intervention/Treatment	Phase
Gastrointestinal Microbiome Immunoglobulin A Growth; Stunting, Nutritional	Other: Dadiah Pudding Other: Pudding without Dadiah	N/A

Detailed Description

The study was carried out on pregnant women in four Public Health Center (PHC) areas in Padang Panjang, West Sumatra, Indonesia. They were screened for inclusion and exclusion criteria. Once eligibility was confirmed, pregnant women were randomly allocated to intervention or control groups. The details of the study protocol were explained, and voluntary written consent was obtained.

General information about the mother was collected and a general physical examination was assessed. The intervention started at about 10-20 weeks of gestation and continued until just before the time of delivery. Subjects took the study supplements concurrently with the government's dietary supplementation program. In each home visit, the remaining supplements from the previous visit were counted and documented in the pudding checklist form. Details of symptoms or illnesses during consumption of dadiah pudding will be reported either by participants directly contacting field officers, study staff, or during weekly visits and will be recorded and documented in the case report form. In the third trimester, subjects received healthy food, breastfeeding practices, and child development education to support mothers in maintaining their nutritional status, preparing exclusive breastfeeding, and optimizing child development.

Healthy babies born to mothers will be the focus of this study and followed up until the age of three months to assess their growth. The information includes the baby's health history after birth, anthropometric measurements, nutritional intake, and breastfeeding practices which are measured repeatedly in the first, second, and third months. The collection of breast milk and baby feces is carried out in the first week and third month after the baby is born.

The sample size was calculated taking into account all outcome variables including the proportion of gut microbiota, levels of IgA secretion in breast milk and infant feces, and child growth, with the independent variable being maternal supplementation during pregnancy.

Data quality assurance is carried out through training starting from the period of data collection and supervision during and after data collection, including the data analysis process. This included training for enumerators, subjects and using a validated questionnaire for a group of subjects representing similar characteristics for this study. Data input and cleaning process will use excel and SPSS while for food intake data using NutriSurvey 2007. Data entry will be carried out by data collection officers after data collection. The data cleaning process includes removing outliers and regrouping multiple results that have similar meanings. The data will be interpreted as mean ± standard deviation if the data is normally distributed and the median (min-max) if the data is not normally distributed. Statistical analysis using SPSS 20 and data will be analyzed using univariate and bivariate analysis. Univariate analysis is used to describe characteristics and socio-demographics, medical history, pregnancy, and obstetric profiles of pregnant women. Numerical variables between groups will be analyzed using an Independent sample t-test if the data has normal distribution or the Mann Whitney test if the data distribution is not normal. Categorical variables between groups will be analyzed using Chi-square or Fisher test. Differences between birth and 3 months old follow up will be analyzed using Dependent t-tests if the data distribution has normal distribution or Wilcoxon test if the data distribution is not normal.

Study Design

Study Type:

Interventional

Actual Enrollment :

52 participants

Allocation:

Randomized

Intervention Model:

Parallel Assignment

Intervention Model Description:

Participants are randomly assigned to two groups; the intervention group that received dadiah pudding and the control group that received pudding without dadiah in parallel for the duration of the study.Participants are randomly assigned to two groups; the intervention group that received dadiah pudding and the control group that received pudding without dadiah in parallel for the duration of the study.

Masking:

Quadruple (Participant, Care Provider, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)

Primary Purpose:

Prevention

Official Title:

The Effect of Maternal Dadiah (Minangkabau Yogurt) Supplementation During Pregnancy on Child Growth, Gut Microbiota Proportion and the Level of Secretory Immunoglobulin A, in West Sumatra: A Randomised Clinical Trial

Actual Study Start Date :

Aug 20, 2020

Actual Primary Completion Date :

Sep 9, 2021

Actual Study Completion Date :

Sep 9, 2021

Arms and Interventions

Arm	Intervention/Treatment
Active Comparator: Dadiah Pudding The mother received 1 cup or 100 g dadiah pudding containing 75-gram dadiah which provide ±260 kcal energy, 6.12g protein, 23.31g fat, 6.49g carbohydrate, and 6.1x 109 CFU/ml lactic acid bacteria.	Other: Dadiah Pudding Supplementation of Dadiah Pudding to pregnant women. One cup a day for 18-26 weeks of pregnancy Other Names: Minangkabau Yogurt Pudding
Placebo Comparator: Pudding without dadiah The mother received 1 cup or 100 g pudding without dadiah containing ±75 kcal energy, 0.3g protein, 0.45 g fat, and 16.2g carbohydrate.	Other: Pudding without Dadiah Supplementation of Milk Pudding without dadiah to pregnant women. One cup a day for 18-26 weeks of pregnancy Other Names: Milk Pudding

Arm

Intervention/Treatment

Active Comparator: Dadiah Pudding

The mother received 1 cup or 100 g dadiah pudding containing 75-gram dadiah which provide ±260 kcal energy, 6.12g protein, 23.31g fat, 6.49g carbohydrate, and 6.1x 109 CFU/ml lactic acid bacteria.

Other: Dadiah Pudding

Supplementation of Dadiah Pudding to pregnant women. One cup a day for 18-26 weeks of pregnancy

Other Names:

Minangkabau Yogurt Pudding

Placebo Comparator: Pudding without dadiah

The mother received 1 cup or 100 g pudding without dadiah containing ±75 kcal energy, 0.3g protein, 0.45 g fat, and 16.2g carbohydrate.

Other: Pudding without Dadiah

Supplementation of Milk Pudding without dadiah to pregnant women. One cup a day for 18-26 weeks of pregnancy

Other Names:

Milk Pudding

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

Infant fecal gut microbiota proportion [three months]
Relative difference of non-pathogen and pathogen to total bacteria in infant fecal sample
Breast milk gut microbiota proportion [three months]
Relative difference of non-pathogen and pathogen to total bacteria in infant fecal sample
Level of infant fecal secretory Immunoglobulin A [three months]
Concentration of secretory Immunoglobulin A in infant fecal sample
Level of breastmilk secretory Immunoglobulin A [three months]
Concentration of secretory Immunoglobulin A in breastmilk sample

Secondary Outcome Measures

Weight increment [three months]
Change in body's relative mass of the child measured by subtract child weight at three months old to child weight in the first week
Length increment [three months]
Change in distance from the bottom of the feet to the top of the head in child's body fully extended and feet flexed measured by subtract child weight at three months old to child length in the first week
Head circumferences increment [three months]
Change in the circumference of the distance from above the eyebrows and ears and around the back of the head as a parameter in evaluate nutritional status measured by subtract child head circumference at three months old to child head circumference in the first week

Eligibility Criteria

Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study:

20 Years to 35 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study:

Female

Accepts Healthy Volunteers:

Yes

Inclusion Criteria:

Women with10-20 weeks gestation
Women give voluntary informed consent
Women willing to give exclusive breastfeeding
Women live in an area under study, registered, and visit antenatal care at targeted public health centers
Women plan to deliver babies in the area under study

Exclusion Criteria:

Women having a medical history of HIV/AIDS, TBC, Hepatitis B.
Women with multiple pregnancies
Women having obesity, and/or another high-risk pregnancy (hypertension, preeclampsia, diabetes, bleeding history)
Received antibiotic treatment or intentionally consumes probiotic products during the preceding 4 weeks. (If the subject was on antibiotics before the beginning of the study or probiotics, a washout period of 2 weeks is required.)