GEMMA: Genome Environment Microbiome and Metabolome in Autism Study

Sponsor

Massachusetts General Hospital (Other)

Overall Status

Recruiting

CT.gov ID

NCT04271774

Collaborator

Azienda Sanitaria Locale Salerno (Other), National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland (Other)

600

Enrollment

Locations

Anticipated Duration (Months)

200

Patients Per Site

2.6

Patients Per Site Per Month

Study Details

Study Description

Brief Summary

GEMMA is a multicenter longitudinal observational study that follows children who are genetically at-risk of developing autism for their first three years of life, seeking to identify potential biomarkers predictive of autism development in the blood, stool, urine and saliva. The biomarkers identified in this project will contribute to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of ASD in at-risk children and possible solutions for alleviating and/or preventing ASD and ASD-related symptoms in patients in the future.

Condition or Disease	Intervention/Treatment	Phase
Autism Spectrum Disorder

Detailed Description

The GEMMA study will address genomic, environmental, microbiome, and metabolomic factors that may affect the development of autism spectrum disorders (ASD).

Genome: The project will study children who have a first-degree relative (sibling) with ASD so that investigators can understand how their genes may contribute to whether they develop ASD or not. A number of genetic variants identified to date occur in genes encoding glycosylated extracellular proteins and in enzymes directly involved in glycosylation. Investigators will perform whole genome sequencing in the subgroup of children that will develop ASD in order to learn more about these specific genes and also to identify other genes that may be involved in ASD pathogenesis. The genetic variant landscape will be mapped and variants will be annotated and interpreted based on all contextual information available. This effort will enable the identification of patient- and cohort-specific variations that can then be further refined into biomarker signatures and optimized into predictive and diagnostic markers of ASD.

Environment: When infants enroll in the study, investigators will record information about their environment including whether they were born vaginally or by Cesarean section and whether they have received antibiotics. Over time, investigators will also consider other parts of the infant's medical, dietary and social history including feeding modality (breastfeeding versus formula feeding), illnesses, infections, antibiotic use, diet and growth to understand whether any of this information is related to ASD development. This data will be updated monthly until each enrolled infant reaches 3 years of age, yielding a valuable compilation of information that will provide insight on how environmental changes affect whether the child develops ASD or not.

Microbiome: The human gut, compromised of the small and large intestine, is home to many types of bacteria. These bacteria help to break down and digest food, provide the body with energy, and make vitamins that the body need to thrive. This diverse community of bacteria is called the gut microbiome, which is known to play a large role in the development of the immune system. A main goal of the GEMMA study is to understand how the microbiome is affected by factors such as food intake or antibiotic drugs, and how this may affect the development of ASD. Investigators hope to learn more about this relationship by studying the members of the gut microbiome before and after autism development in the subset of enrolled infants who will develop ASD. The project will compare microbiota of ASD children with and without GI symptoms to determine whether different microbiota composition and differentially expressed bacterial genome perturb intestinal barrier function and immune response, leading to ASD in genetically at-risk infants. By doing this, the project will uncover patterns in the gut microbiome that may help investigators to predict who will develop ASD before it happens.

Metabolome: The processes that occur in the gut, such as the digestion of foods and production of vitamins, create products that are called metabolites. The specific metabolites that humans produce differ from person to person and depend on many factors, including genes, members of the gut microbiome, and food choices. The collection of metabolites produced by a sample is called the metabolome. The project will study the metabolomes of different infants while taking note of any changes to their environment and monitoring them for ASD. Studying the metabolites in this way is called metabolomics. In doing this, investigators hope to find patterns, or specific metabolomic profiles, that might predict when someone may develop ASD before it happens.

Study Design

Study Type:

Observational

Anticipated Enrollment :

600 participants

Observational Model:

Cohort

Time Perspective:

Prospective

Official Title:

Genome Environment Microbiome and Metabolome in Autism

Actual Study Start Date :

Jul 1, 2019

Anticipated Primary Completion Date :

Dec 1, 2025

Anticipated Study Completion Date :

Dec 1, 2025

Arms and Interventions

Arm	Intervention/Treatment
Infants with ASD-affected sibling Infants, enrolled at 0-6 months of age, who have a sibling diagnosed with ASD.

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

Use of microbiome/metagenomics/metatrancriptomic analysis to identify through our proposed prospective study and validate through large existing microbiome projects multi-omic biomarker predictors of ASD in at-risk infants. [5 years]
i.e. stool and urine metabolites, alteration of gut permeability (via serum zonulin levels), abnormal immune response to dietary proteins (via IgA and IgG levels) and increased low-grade chronic inflammation (via serum pro-inflammatory cytokines).

Eligibility Criteria

Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study:

N/A to 6 Months

Sexes Eligible for Study:

All

Inclusion Criteria:

Healthy newborns and infants less than 6 months of age who have not been introduced to solid foods (elementary formula feeding is permitted)
First-degree relatives of ASD individuals (at least one sibling affected by ASD)

Exclusion Criteria:

Infants older than 6 months of age
Inability or unwillingness of legal guardian/representative to give written informed consent

Contacts and Locations

Locations

	Site	City	State	Country	Postal Code
1	Massachusetts General Hospital for Children	Boston	Massachusetts	United States	02114
2	National University of Ireland Galway	Galway		Ireland	H91 TK33
3	The Azienda Sanitaria Locale Salerno	Salerno		Italy	84124