LoPoCardio: Effects of a Potato-based Food Pattern vs a Rice / Pasta-based Food Pattern on Cardiometabolic Health
Study Details
Study Description
Brief Summary
The researchers investigate the effect of long-term (12-weeks) consumption of diets rich in boiled potatoes versus those rich in rice or pasta on established cardiovascular risk parameters. These carbohydrate sources will be part of a recommended healthy dietary pattern to mimic as closely as possible current dietary guidelines, facilitating the implementation of the outcomes.
| Condition or Disease | Intervention/Treatment | Phase |
|---|---|---|
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N/A |
Detailed Description
To breach the current controversies, there is an urgent need for well-designed controlled human intervention trials evaluating the true impact of boiled potato consumption as part of a healthy dietary pattern on cardiometabolic health. There are two important issues that need to be addressed when designing such an intervention study: First, the longer-term effects of boiled potato consumption on established fasting and postprandial cardiovascular risk markers should be addressed. Second, the effect of boiled potatoes should be studied using an iso-energetic exchange for other traditionally main carbohydrate sources. These carbohydrate-sources will be part of a recommended healthy dietary pattern to mimic as closely as possible current dietary guidelines, facilitating the implementation of the outcomes. Effects will be studied in both fasting and postprandial conditions. In fact, the evidence is accumulating that optimizing postprandial glucose and lipid responses are important targets for maintaining health. Since potatoes, white rice and white pasta are all products with a high glycemic index and concomitant relatively steep glucose excursions after intake, the question is how long-term intake of these products affects the metabolic capacity of our body to respond to postprandial challenges. Interestingly, potatoes are not only rich in complex carbohydrates but are also more nutrient-dense (a wide variety of minerals, vitamins, and micronutrients) as compared to white rice and white pasta. In addition, potatoes provide large amounts of fiber and are more satiating than other carbohydrate sources. This nutrient profile might beneficially impact the resilience of the metabolic machinery and as such improve postprandial cardiometabolic plasma profiles (glucose, insulin, and triacylglycerol). In other words, there might be a beneficial effect of longer-term potato consumption in comparison with longer-term white pasta and white rice consumption will not only be present in fasting conditions but particularly in the postprandial state when the cardiometabolic system is challenged.
Study Design
Arms and Interventions
| Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
|---|---|
| Experimental: Potato group The participants in this group consume every day 150g of boiled potatoes for 12 weeks, preferably during dinner. The participants are allowed to eat this portion during lunch as well |
Other: Potato
Controlled human intervention trial to evaluate the impact of boiled potato intake as part of a healthy dietary patterns on cardiometabolic health
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| Active Comparator: Pasta/rice The participants in this group consume every day either rice or pasta for 12 weeks, preferably during dinner. The participants are allowed to eat this portion during lunch as well. The portion of rice and pasta must be as isocaloric as 150g of boiled potatoes. |
Other: Pasta/rice
Since potatoes, white rice and white pasta are all products with a high glycemic index and concomitant relatively steep glucose excursions after intake, this intervention group helps to compare the effect of potato vs another high glucemic index food.
|
Outcome Measures
Primary Outcome Measures
- Chronic glucose metabolism [pre- intervention and post- intervention (12 weeks)]
Measured by change in average daily glucose concentrations over a 15 hours period between waking up and going to bed 7:00AM - 22:00PM for three days, which is calculated based on the total area under the curve (tAUC) using a continuos glucose monitor.
Secondary Outcome Measures
- Lipid metabolism [12 weeks intervention: Pre-intervention (visit 1 and 2), during the intervention (visit 3, 4, 5) and post intervention (visit 6, and 7)]
Measured by fasting serum C-peptide, lipids and lipoproteins in all visits
- Glucose metabolism [12 weeks intervention: Pre-intervention (visit 1 and 2), during the intervention (visit 3, 4, 5) and post intervention (visit 6, and 7)]
Measured by fasting plasma glucose, insulin, and calculated HOMA- IR in all visits
- Low grade inflammation [12 weeks intervention: Pre-intervention (visit 1 and 2), during the intervention (visit 3, 4, 5) and post intervention (visit 6, and 7)]
Measured by inflammation plasma markers (hsCPR, IL6, IL8, TNFa)
- Postprandial glucose metabolism [12 weeks intervention: Pre-intervention (visit 2) and post intervention (visit 7)]
Following a high-fat, high-carb meal, measured by plasma glucose, insulin.
- Postprandial TAG metabolism [12 weeks intervention: Pre-intervention (visit 2) and post intervention (visit 7)]
Following a high-fat, high-carb meal, measured by plasma TAG.
- 24h urine samples micronutrient profiles [12 weeks intervention: Pre-intervention (visit 2) and post intervention (visit 7)]
Measured by 24 urine collection.
- Quality of life questionnaire [12 weeks intervention: Pre-intervention (visit 2), during the intervention (visit 4) and post intervention (visit 7)]
Assessed with a 32-item questionnaire (including social, spiritual, emotional, cognitive, physical, activities of daily living, and integrated quality of life)
- Mood, degree of pleasantness and arousal [12 weeks intervention: Pre-intervention (visit 2), during the intervention (visit 4) and post intervention (visit 7)]
Assessed with the Affect grid
- Fatigue [12 weeks intervention: Pre-intervention (visit 2), during the intervention (visit 4) and post intervention (visit 7)]
Assessed using the FSS, a 9-item questionnaire that is used to determine the severity of fatigue a subject experienced in the past week during daily activities
- Cognitive performance [12 weeks intervention: Pre-intervention (visit 2), during the intervention (visit 4) and post intervention (visit 7)]
Assessed with a validated neuropsychological test battery (CANTAB)
- Venular and arteriolar diameters [12 weeks intervention: Pre-intervention (visit 2), during the intervention (visit 4) and post intervention (visit 7)]
Assessed via fundus photography
- Office blood pressure [12 weeks intervention: Pre-intervention (visit 1 and 2), during the intervention (visit 3, 4, 5) and post intervention (visit 6, and 7)]
Measured by office blood pressure monitor in all visits
- 36h blood pressure profiles [12 weeks intervention: Pre- intervention (visit-1) and post- intervention (visit 6)]
Assessed via wearables blood pressure monitor
Other Outcome Measures
- Exploratory objective endothelial (dys)function markers [12 weeks intervention: Pre-intervention (visit 1 and 2), during the intervention (visit 3, 4, 5) and post intervention (visit 6, and 7)]
Measured by sE-selectin, sICAM, sVCAM, and MCP-1 in al visits To investigate if potato consumption by overweight and obese (BMI25-35 kg/m2) men and women changes: Endothelial (dys)function markers (sE-selectin, sICAM, sVCAM, and MCP-1) - Liver enzymes (e.g. ALAT, ASAT, gGT, bilirubin) Calculated insulin secretory function (HOMA%B index) Micro-albumineria and kidney function (estimated GFR) Plasma incretins / satiety hormones (PYY, GLP, Ghrelin)
- Exploratory objective liver enzymes [12 weeks intervention: Pre-intervention (visit 1 and 2), during the intervention (visit 3, 4, 5) and post intervention (visit 6, and 7)]
Measured by liver enzymes (ALAT, ASAT, gGT, bilirubin)
- Exploratory objective calculated insulin secretory function [12 weeks intervention: Pre-intervention (visit 1 and 2), during the intervention (visit 3, 4, 5) and post intervention (visit 6, and 7)]
Measured by HOMA%B index
- Exploratory objective micro-albumineria and kidney function [12 weeks intervention: Pre-intervention (visit 1 and 2), during the intervention (visit 3, 4, 5) and post intervention (visit 6, and 7)]
Measured by estimated GFR
- Exploratory objective plasma incretins / satiety hormones in fasting and postprandial conditions [12 weeks intervention: Pre-intervention (visit 2) and post intervention (visit 7)]
Following a high-fat, high-carb meal, measured by PYY, GLP, ghrelin.
Eligibility Criteria
Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
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The inclusion criteria are:
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Aged between 40-70 years
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Men and women
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18-70 years
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BMI between 25-35 kg/m2 (overweight and obese)
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Serum total cholesterol < 8.0 mmol/L (further testing is recommended for excessive hyperlipidemia [serum total cholesterol ≥ 8.0 mmol/L] according to the Standard for cardiovascular risk management of the Dutch general practitioners community [NHG])
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Serum triacylglycerol < 4.5 mmol/L
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No current smoker
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No diabetic patients
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No familial hypercholesterolemia
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No abuse of drugs
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Not more than 4 alcoholic consumption per day with a maximum of 21 per week??
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Stable body weight (weight gain or loss < 3 kg in the past three months)
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No use of medication known to treat blood pressure, lipid or glucose metabolism
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No use of an investigational product within another biomedical intervention trial within the previous 1-month
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No severe medical conditions that might interfere with the study, such as epilepsy, asthma, kidney failure or renal insufficiency, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, inflammatory bowel diseases, auto inflammatory diseases and rheumatoid arthritis
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No active cardiovascular disease like congestive heart failure or cardiovascular event, such as an acute myocardial infarction or cerebrovascular accident
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Willingness to give up being a blood donor from 8 weeks before the start of the study, during the study and for 4 weeks after completion of the study
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No difficult venipuncture as evidenced during the screening visit
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Willing to comply to study protocol during study
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Informed consent signed
Exclusion Criteria:
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The exclusion criteria are:
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Allergy or intolerance to potatoes, pasta or rice
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Serum total cholesterol ≥ 8.0 mmol/L
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Serum triacylglycerol ≥ 4.5 mmol/L
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Current smoker, or smoking cessation <12 months
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Diabetic patients
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Familial hypercholesterolemia
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Abuse of drugs
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More than 4 alcoholic consumptions per day or 21 per week
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Unstable body weight (weight gain or loss > 3 kg in the past three months)
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Use medication known to treat blood pressure, lipid or glucose metabolism
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Use of an investigational product within another biomedical intervention trial within the previous 1-month
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Severe medical conditions that might interfere with the study, such as epilepsy, asthma, kidney failure or renal insufficiency, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, inflammatory bowel diseases, auto inflammatory diseases and rheumatoid arthritis
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Active cardiovascular disease like congestive heart failure or cardiovascular event, such as an acute myocardial infarction or cerebrovascular accident
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Not willing to give up being a blood donor from 8 weeks before the start of the study, during the study or for 4 weeks after completion of the study
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Not or difficult to venipuncture as evidenced during the screening visit
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Use of over-the-counter and prescribed medication or supplements, which may interfere with study measurements to be judged by the principal investigator;
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Use of oral antibiotics in 40 days or less prior to the start of the study;
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Blood donation in the past 3 months before the start of the study
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Not willing to comply to study protocol during study or sign informed consent
Contacts and Locations
Locations
| Site | City | State | Country | Postal Code | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Metabolic Research Unit Maastricht | Maastricht | Limburg | Netherlands | NL-6200 |
Sponsors and Collaborators
- Maastricht University Medical Center
Investigators
- Principal Investigator: Jogchum J Plat, PhD, Chair of Nutrition and Movement Science Department
- Principal Investigator: Ronald P. Mensisnk, PhD, Chair of Nutrition and Movement Science Department
Study Documents (Full-Text)
None provided.More Information
Publications
- Camire ME, Kubow S, Donnelly DJ. Potatoes and human health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2009 Nov;49(10):823-40. doi: 10.1080/10408390903041996. Review.
- Jacome-Sosa M, Parks EJ, Bruno RS, Tasali E, Lewis GF, Schneeman BO, Rains TM. Postprandial Metabolism of Macronutrients and Cardiometabolic Risk: Recent Developments, Emerging Concepts, and Future Directions. Adv Nutr. 2016 Mar 15;7(2):364-74. doi: 10.3945/an.115.010397. Print 2016 Mar. Review.
- King JC, Slavin JL. White potatoes, human health, and dietary guidance. Adv Nutr. 2013 May 1;4(3):393S-401S. doi: 10.3945/an.112.003525. Review.
- Robertson TM, Alzaabi AZ, Robertson MD, Fielding BA. Starchy Carbohydrates in a Healthy Diet: The Role of the Humble Potato. Nutrients. 2018 Nov 14;10(11). pii: E1764. doi: 10.3390/nu10111764. Review.
- Seidelmann SB, Claggett B, Cheng S, Henglin M, Shah A, Steffen LM, Folsom AR, Rimm EB, Willett WC, Solomon SD. Dietary carbohydrate intake and mortality: a prospective cohort study and meta-analysis. Lancet Public Health. 2018 Sep;3(9):e419-e428. doi: 10.1016/S2468-2667(18)30135-X. Epub 2018 Aug 17.
- Shan Z, Rehm CD, Rogers G, Ruan M, Wang DD, Hu FB, Mozaffarian D, Zhang FF, Bhupathiraju SN. Trends in Dietary Carbohydrate, Protein, and Fat Intake and Diet Quality Among US Adults, 1999-2016. JAMA. 2019 Sep 24;322(12):1178-1187. doi: 10.1001/jama.2019.13771.
- Simpson SJ, Le Couteur DG, James DE, George J, Gunton JE, Solon-Biet SM, Raubenheimer D. The Geometric Framework for Nutrition as a tool in precision medicine. Nutr Healthy Aging. 2017 Dec 7;4(3):217-226. doi: 10.3233/NHA-170027. Review.
- METC19-067