BIONEX: Bone and Inflammatory Outcomes - Nutrition and Exercise Trials
Study Details
Study Description
Brief Summary
This study investigates whether dairy products will positively impact loading exercise-induced bone turnover and bone cell activity and/or the post-exercise inflammatory response in healthy young adults compared to a carbohydrate drink and/or water.
| Condition or Disease | Intervention/Treatment | Phase |
|---|---|---|
|
N/A |
Detailed Description
Introduction: Two million individuals at a cost of around 4.6 billion dollars a year in Canada suffer from osteoporosis. It is important to investigate strategies that can reduce bone loss and/or increase bone mass. Similarly, inflammation is associated with many different disease states, and investigating strategies to reduce systemic inflammation is prudent. Nutrition and exercise may be inexpensive and accessible strategies to improve bone health and inflammation and should be explored in different contexts and implemented. Our proposed research combines both nutrition and exercise along with the assessment of bone turnover and inflammatory markers in healthy young adults.
Design: Randomized controlled crossover trial
Participants: Healthy, university aged males and females.
Methods: During the study participants will complete 4 different acute exercise and nutritional supplement trials, in random order. The four trials are: 1) exercise+carbohydrate (CHO), 2) exercise+milk (Milk), 3) exercise+Greek yogurt (GY), and 4) exercise+water (W). The whole study will take a maximum of 16 weeks and each supplement trial will be separated by 2-4 weeks.
Outcomes: several markers of bone turnover and bone cell activity as well as markers of inflammation will be measured in the blood, before exercise and at different times post-exercise and post supplement consumption.
Study Design
Arms and Interventions
| Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
|---|---|
| Experimental: Exercise and Greek Yogurt (GY) Participants will have a fasted baseline blood sample taken upon arrival to the lab. Then they will take part in a high-intensity exercise protocol, consisting of high-intensity interval cycling, resistance exercise, and plyometrics. Following exercise, participants will return to the lab for a 5min post-exercise blood sample, and then consume ~200g Greek yogurt (0% milk fat). An additional blood sample will be taken at 1h post-exercise, followed by an additional ~200g of Greek yogurt. Blood samples will also be taken at 4h and 24h post-exercise. Participants will also rate their muscle soreness and perform a jump height test at pre-exercise, 5min post-exercise, 4h and 24h post-exercise. |
Behavioral: High-Intensity Exercise
A single bout of high-intensity exercise (cycling intervals, resistance exercise, plyometrics) per trial.
Dietary Supplement: Greek yogurt
200g consumed immediately after exercise and 1h after exercise.
Other Names:
|
| Experimental: Exercise and Milk (Milk) Participants will have a fasted baseline blood sample taken upon arrival to the lab. Then they will take part in a high-intensity exercise protocol, consisting of high-intensity interval cycling, resistance exercise, and plyometrics. Following exercise, participants will return to the lab for a 5min post-exercise blood sample, and then consume ~500ml plain skim milk (0% milk fat). An additional blood sample will be taken at 1h post-exercise, followed by an additional ~500ml of skim milk. Blood samples will also be taken at 4h and 24h post-exercise. Participants will also rate their muscle soreness and perform a jump height test at pre-exercise, 5min post-exercise, 4h and 24h post-exercise. |
Behavioral: High-Intensity Exercise
A single bout of high-intensity exercise (cycling intervals, resistance exercise, plyometrics) per trial.
Dietary Supplement: Skim Milk
500ml consumed immediately after exercise and 1h after exercise.
Other Names:
|
| Active Comparator: Exercise and Carbohydrate (CHO) Participants will have a fasted baseline blood sample taken upon arrival to the lab. Then they will take part in a high-intensity exercise protocol, consisting of high-intensity interval cycling, resistance exercise, and plyometrics. Following exercise, participants will return to the lab for a 5min post-exercise blood sample, and then consume ~50g of maltodextrin mixed with water (~500ml). An additional blood sample will be taken at 1h post-exercise, followed by an additional ~500ml of the maltodextrin drink. Blood samples will also be taken at 4h and 24h post-exercise. Participants will also rate their muscle soreness and perform a jump height test at pre-exercise, 5min post-exercise, 4h and 24h post-exercise. |
Behavioral: High-Intensity Exercise
A single bout of high-intensity exercise (cycling intervals, resistance exercise, plyometrics) per trial.
Dietary Supplement: Carbohydrate (Maltodextrin powder mixed with water)
50g consumed immediately after exercise and 1h after exercise.
Other Names:
|
| Placebo Comparator: Exercise and Water (W) Participants will have a fasted baseline blood sample taken upon arrival to the lab. Then they will take part in a high-intensity exercise protocol, consisting of high-intensity interval cycling, resistance exercise, and plyometrics. Following exercise, participants will return to the lab for a 5min post-exercise blood sample, and then consume ~500ml water. An additional blood sample will be taken at 1h post-exercise, followed by an additional ~500ml water. Blood samples will also be taken at 4h and 24h post-exercise. Participants will also rate their muscle soreness and perform a jump height test at pre-exercise, 5min post-exercise, 4h and 24h post-exercise. |
Behavioral: High-Intensity Exercise
A single bout of high-intensity exercise (cycling intervals, resistance exercise, plyometrics) per trial.
Dietary Supplement: Water
500ml consumed immediately after exercise and 1h after exercise.
Other Names:
|
Outcome Measures
Primary Outcome Measures
- Acute Bone Turnover/Cell Activity [Pre-exercise]
OPG measured in serum/plasma
- Acute Bone Turnover/Cell Activity [Pre-exercise]
RANKL measured in serum/plasma
- Acute Bone Turnover/Cell Activity [Pre-exercise]
OC measured in serum/plasma
- Acute Bone Turnover/Cell Activity [Pre-exercise]
SOST measured in serum/plasma
- Acute Bone Turnover/Cell Activity [Pre-exercise]
CTX measured in serum/plasma
- Acute Bone Turnover/Cell Activity [5 minutes post-exercise]
OPG measured in serum/plasma
- Acute Bone Turnover/Cell Activity [5 minutes post-exercise]
RANKL measured in serum/plasma
- Acute Bone Turnover/Cell Activity [5 minutes post-exercise]
OC measured in serum/plasma
- Acute Bone Turnover/Cell Activity [5 minutes post-exercise]
SOST measured in serum/plasma
- Acute Bone Turnover/Cell Activity [5 minutes post-exercise]
CTX measured in serum/plasma
- Acute Bone Turnover/Cell Activity [1 hour post-exercise]
OPG measured in serum/plasma
- Acute Bone Turnover/Cell Activity [1 hour post-exercise]
RANKL measured in serum/plasma
- Acute Bone Turnover/Cell Activity [1 hour post-exercise]
OC measured in serum/plasma
- Acute Bone Turnover/Cell Activity [1 hour post-exercise]
SOST measured in serum/plasma
- Acute Bone Turnover/Cell Activity [1 hour post-exercise]
CTX measured in serum/plasma
- Acute Bone Turnover/Cell Activity [4 hours post-exercise]
OPG measured in serum/plasma
- Acute Bone Turnover/Cell Activity [4 hours post-exercise]
RANKL measured in serum/plasma
- Acute Bone Turnover/Cell Activity [4 hours post-exercise]
OC measured in serum/plasma
- Acute Bone Turnover/Cell Activity [4 hours post-exercise]
SOST measured in serum/plasma
- Acute Bone Turnover/Cell Activity [4 hours post-exercise]
CTX measured in serum/plasma
- Acute Bone Turnover/Cell Activity [24 hours post-exercise]
OPG measured in serum/plasma
- Acute Bone Turnover/Cell Activity [24 hours post-exercise]
RANKL measured in serum/plasma
- Acute Bone Turnover/Cell Activity [24 hours post-exercise]
OC measured in serum/plasma
- Acute Bone Turnover/Cell Activity [24 hours post-exercise]
SOST measured in serum/plasma
- Acute Bone Turnover/Cell Activity [24 hours post-exercise]
CTX measured in serum/plasma
- Systemic Inflammation - Serum/Plasma Cytokines [Pre-exercise]
TNF-alpha measured in serum/plasma.
- Systemic Inflammation - Serum/Plasma Cytokines [Pre-exercise]
IL-6 measured in serum/plasma.
- Systemic Inflammation - Serum/Plasma Cytokines [Pre-exercise]
IL-1B measured in serum/plasma.
- Systemic Inflammation - Serum/Plasma Cytokines [Pre-exercise]
IL-10 measured in serum/plasma.
- Systemic Inflammation - Serum/Plasma Cytokines [5 minutes post-exercise]
TNF-alpha measured in serum/plasma.
- Systemic Inflammation - Serum/Plasma Cytokines [5 minutes post-exercise]
IL-6 measured in serum/plasma.
- Systemic Inflammation - Serum/Plasma Cytokines [5 minutes post-exercise]
IL-1B measured in serum/plasma.
- Systemic Inflammation - Serum/Plasma Cytokines [5 minutes post-exercise]
IL-10 measured in serum/plasma.
- Systemic Inflammation - Serum/Plasma Cytokines [1 hour post-exercise]
TNF-alpha measured in serum/plasma.
- Systemic Inflammation - Serum/Plasma Cytokines [1 hour post-exercise]
IL-6 measured in serum/plasma.
- Systemic Inflammation - Serum/Plasma Cytokines [1 hour post-exercise]
IL-1B measured in serum/plasma.
- Systemic Inflammation - Serum/Plasma Cytokines [1 hour post-exercise]
IL-10 measured in serum/plasma.
- Systemic Inflammation - Serum/Plasma Cytokines [4 hours post-exercise]
TNF-alpha measured in serum/plasma.
- Systemic Inflammation - Serum/Plasma Cytokines [4 hours post-exercise]
IL-6 measured in serum/plasma.
- Systemic Inflammation - Serum/Plasma Cytokines [4 hours post-exercise]
IL-1B measured in serum/plasma.
- Systemic Inflammation - Serum/Plasma Cytokines [4 hours post-exercise]
IL-10 measured in serum/plasma.
- Systemic Inflammation - Serum/Plasma Cytokines [24 hours post-exercise]
TNF-alpha measured in serum/plasma.
- Systemic Inflammation - Serum/Plasma Cytokines [24 hours post-exercise]
IL-6 measured in serum/plasma.
- Systemic Inflammation - Serum/Plasma Cytokines [24 hours post-exercise]
IL-1B measured in serum/plasma.
- Systemic Inflammation - Serum/Plasma Cytokines [24 hours post-exercise]
IL-10 measured in serum/plasma.
- Systemic inflammation - Immune Cells [Pre-exercise]
Leukocytes measured via flow cytometry
- Systemic inflammation - Immune Cells [1 hour post-exercise]
Leukocytes measured via flow cytometry
- Systemic inflammation - Immune Cells [4 hours post-exercise]
Leukocytes measured via flow cytometry
- Systemic inflammation - Immune Cells [24 hours post-exercise]
Leukocytes measured via flow cytometry
Secondary Outcome Measures
- Muscle soreness [Pre-exercise]
Muscle soreness rated on a 0-5 scale.
- Muscle soreness [5 minutes post-exercise]
Muscle soreness rated on a 0-5 scale.
- Muscle soreness [4 hours post-exercise]
Muscle soreness rated on a 0-5 scale.
- Muscle soreness [24 hours post-exercise]
Muscle soreness rated on a 0-5 scale.
- Performance - Jump Height [Pre-exercise]
Vertical jump height measured using a counter movement jump technique.
- Performance - Jump Height [5 minutes post-exercise]
Vertical jump height measured using a counter movement jump technique.
- Performance - Jump Height [4 hours post-exercise]
Vertical jump height measured using a counter movement jump technique.
- Performance - Jump Height [24 hours post-exercise]
Vertical jump height measured using a counter movement jump technique.
Eligibility Criteria
Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
-
Between the ages of 18-30 years
-
Normal BMI (18.5-24.9) kg/m^2
-
Low to moderately physically active (0-2 times/week)
-
No allergy to dairy protein or lactose intolerance
-
On no medication related to a chronic condition
-
On birth control or naturally cycling with a regular menstrual cycle)
Exclusion Criteria:
-
Regular smoker (cigarettes, e-cigarettes (e.g., vapes) or cannabis)
-
Any chronic condition, inflammatory, or auto-immune condition
Contacts and Locations
Locations
| Site | City | State | Country | Postal Code | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | York University | Toronto | Ontario | Canada | M3J1P3 |
Sponsors and Collaborators
- York University
Investigators
- Principal Investigator: Andrea R Josse, PhD, York University
Study Documents (Full-Text)
None provided.More Information
Publications
None provided.- 2019-045b