nTB-01: First-in-Human Trial of the Novel Tuberculosis Vaccine Candidate, H107e/CAF®10b

Sponsor

Statens Serum Institut (Other)

Overall Status

Not yet recruiting

CT.gov ID

NCT06050356

Collaborator

Aurum Institute (Other), Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (Other), Leiden University Medical Center (Other), South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (Other)

140

Enrollment

Location

Arms

Anticipated Duration (Months)

4.5

Patients Per Site Per Month

Study Details

Study Description

Brief Summary

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infection caused by bacteria passed from one person to another through the air when an infected person for instance coughs, speaks, or sneezes. This study tests the safety and vaccine-induced immune response of a new preventive TB vaccine called H107e/CAF®10b. H107e is a copy of protein parts from the bacterium causing tuberculosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which are also called antigens. CAF®10b is an adjuvant which helps the body discover the antigen. The adjuvant and antigen are mixed together to formulate the final vaccine. The final formulated vaccine enhances the immune system's response against the antigen.

This is a first-in-human study, meaning this vaccine is being given to people for the first time. The primary objective is to evaluate the safety of the vaccine and its components; however, the study will also evaluate the specific immune responses generated by the new vaccine. The study is divided into two parts, phase 1a and phase 1b. Phase 1a investigates unadjuvanted H107e, CAF®10b adjuvant, H107e/CAF®10b vaccine (low adjuvant dose), and H107e/CAF®10b vaccine (full adjuvant dose). The trial products are administered twice intramuscularly. H107e is also administered intranasally in one of the groups on Day 85. Phase 1b investigates H107e/CAF®10b, H107e/CAF®10b+Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), BCG, and placebo. A placebo is a look-alike substance that contains no active drug. All groups in phase 1b receive H107e intranasally on Day 211.

A preventive TB vaccine such as H107e/CAF®10b should be able to introduce the body's immune system to antigens from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This will result in memory in the immune system, meaning that when a person gets infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the immune system will recognise and target the bacteria to prevent disease, thereby avoiding the need for antibiotic treatment and/or other treatments and their side effects.

Condition or Disease	Intervention/Treatment	Phase
Healthy	Biological: H107e Biological: CAF®10b Biological: H107e/CAF®10b - low adjuvant dose Biological: H107e/CAF®10b - full adjuvant dose Biological: Low dose intranasal H107e Biological: Full dose intranasal H107e Biological: H107e/CAF®10b Biological: i.m. placebo Biological: BCG Biological: i.d. placebo Biological: Intranasal H107e	Phase 1

Study Design

Study Type:

Interventional

Anticipated Enrollment :

140 participants

Allocation:

Non-Randomized

Intervention Model:

Sequential Assignment

Intervention Model Description:

Phase 1a proceeds as sequential dosing to determine early safety signals (Arms 1, 2, 3, 4a, and 4b). Phase 1b proceeds as parallel assignment. Participants are randomised to one of four treatment arms (H107e/CAF®10b; H107e/CAF®10b + BCG; BCG; placebo).Phase 1a proceeds as sequential dosing to determine early safety signals (Arms 1, 2, 3, 4a, and 4b). Phase 1b proceeds as parallel assignment. Participants are randomised to one of four treatment arms (H107e/CAF®10b; H107e/CAF®10b + BCG; BCG; placebo).

Masking:

None (Open Label)

Masking Description:

Phase 1a is open label Phase 1b is double-blind, randomised, and placebo controlled

Primary Purpose:

Prevention

Official Title:

A Phase 1a, Dose-finding, Open-label Trial Followed by a Phase 1b, Double-blind, Randomised, Placebo-controlled Trial to Evaluate the Safety, Reactogenicity, and Immunogenicity of the Tuberculosis Subunit Vaccine H107e/CAF®10b in Adults

Anticipated Study Start Date :

Oct 1, 2023

Anticipated Primary Completion Date :

May 1, 2026

Anticipated Study Completion Date :

May 1, 2026

Arms and Interventions

Arm	Intervention/Treatment
Experimental: Arm 1 (phase 1a) H107e	Biological: H107e Participants will receive two i.m. injections of 20 µg unadjuvanted H107e on Day 1 and Day 29
Experimental: Arm 2 (phase 1a) CAF®10b	Biological: CAF®10b Participants will receive two i.m. injections of CAF®10b (full adjuvant dose) on Day 1 and Day 29
Experimental: Arm 3 (phase 1a) H107e/CAF®10b - low adjuvant dose	Biological: H107e/CAF®10b - low adjuvant dose Participants will receive two i.m. injections of 20 µg H107e/CAF®10b (low adjuvant dose) on Day 1 and Day 29
Experimental: Arm 4a (phase 1a) H107e/CAF®10b - full adjuvant dose - low dose intranasal H107e	Biological: H107e/CAF®10b - full adjuvant dose Participants will receive two i.m. injections of 20 µg H107e/CAF®10b (full adjuvant dose) on Day 1 and Day 29 Biological: Low dose intranasal H107e Participants will receive one i.n. administration of 15 µg H107e (low dose intranasal H107e) on Day 85
Experimental: Arm 4b (phase 1a) H107e/CAF®10b - full adjuvant dose - full dose intranasal H107e	Biological: H107e/CAF®10b - full adjuvant dose Participants will receive two i.m. injections of 20 µg H107e/CAF®10b (full adjuvant dose) on Day 1 and Day 29 Biological: Full dose intranasal H107e Participants will receive one i.n. administration of 30 µg H107e (full dose intranasal H107e) on Day 85
Experimental: Arm 1 (phase 1b) H107e/CAF®10b	Biological: H107e/CAF®10b Participants will receive two i.m. injections of 20 µg H107e/CAF®10b (full adjuvant dose) on Day 1 and Day 29 Biological: i.d. placebo Participants will receive one i.d. injection of placebo on Day 1 Biological: Intranasal H107e Participants will receive one i.n. administration of 30 µg H107e (full dose intranasal H107e) on Day 211
Experimental: Arm 2 (phase 1b) H107e/CAF®10b + BCG	Biological: H107e/CAF®10b Participants will receive two i.m. injections of 20 µg H107e/CAF®10b (full adjuvant dose) on Day 1 and Day 29 Biological: BCG Participants will receive one i.d. injection of BCG on Day 1 Biological: Intranasal H107e Participants will receive one i.n. administration of 30 µg H107e (full dose intranasal H107e) on Day 211
Active Comparator: Arm 3 (phase 1b) BCG	Biological: i.m. placebo Participants will receive two i.m. injections of placebo on Day 1 and Day 29 Biological: BCG Participants will receive one i.d. injection of BCG on Day 1 Biological: Intranasal H107e Participants will receive one i.n. administration of 30 µg H107e (full dose intranasal H107e) on Day 211
Placebo Comparator: Arm 4 (phase 1b) Placebo	Biological: i.m. placebo Participants will receive two i.m. injections of placebo on Day 1 and Day 29 Biological: i.d. placebo Participants will receive one i.d. injection of placebo on Day 1 Biological: Intranasal H107e Participants will receive one i.n. administration of 30 µg H107e (full dose intranasal H107e) on Day 211

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

Percentage of participants with solicited injection site reactions recorded up to seven days after each i.m. vaccination (phase 1a) [Up to Day 8 (7 days after first dose) and Day 29 up to Day 36 (7 days after second dose)]
Percentage of participants with solicited systemic reactions recorded up to seven days after each i.m. vaccination (phase 1a) [Up to Day 8 (7 days after first dose) and Day 29 up to Day 36 (7 days after second dose)]
Percentage of participants with unsolicited adverse events occurring up to 28 days after last i.m. vaccination (phase 1a) [Up to Day 57 (28 days after second dose)]
Percentage of participants with adverse events of special interest occurring up to last visit (phase 1a) [Up to Day 197 (196 days after first dose)]
Adverse events of special interest represent a subset of AEs that include autoimmune diseases and other systemic disorders of interest which could potentially have an autoimmune etiology
Percentage of participants with serious adverse events (SAEs) occurring up to last visit (phase 1a) [Up to Day 197 (196 days after first dose)]
Percentage of participants with solicited adverse events occurring up to seven days after i.n. mucosal recall (phase 1a) [Day 85 up to Day 92 (7 days after mucosal recall)]
This outcome is only measured for phase 1a Arm 4a and Arm 4b. Solicited adverse events related to mucosal recall consist of local and systemic reactions
Percentage of participants with unsolicited adverse events occurring up to 28 days after i.n. mucosal recall (phase 1a) [Day 85 up to Day 113 (28 days after mucosal recall)]
This outcome is only measured for phase 1a Arm 4a and Arm 4b
Percentage of participants with solicited injection site reactions recorded up to seven days after each vaccination (i.m. or i.d.) (phase 1b) [Up to Day 8 (7 days after first dose) and Day 29 up to Day 36 (7 days after second dose)]
Percentage of participants with solicited systemic reactions recorded up to seven days after each vaccination (i.m. or i.d.) (phase 1b) [Up to Day 8 (7 days after first dose) and Day 29 up to Day 36 (7 days after second dose)]
Percentage of participants with unsolicited adverse events occurring up to 28 days after last vaccination (phase 1b) [Up to Day 57 (28 days after second dose)]
Percentage of participants with adverse events of special interest occurring up to last visit (phase 1b) [Up to Day 281 (280 days after first dose)]
Adverse events of special interest represent a subset of AEs that include autoimmune diseases and other systemic disorders of interest which could potentially have an autoimmune etiology
Percentage of participants with SAEs occurring up to last visit (phase 1b) [Up to Day 281 (280 days after first dose)]
Percentage of participants with solicited adverse events occurring up to seven days after i.n. mucosal recall (phase 1b) [Day 211 up to Day 218 (7 days after mucosal recall)]
Solicited adverse events related to mucosal recall consist of local and systemic reactions
Percentage of participants with unsolicited adverse events occurring up to 28 days after i.n. mucosal recall (phase 1b) [Day 211 up to Day 239 (28 days after mucosal recall)]
Frequencies of H107e-specific T-cells producing IFN-γ and/or IL-17 induced by H107e/CAF®10b vs. placebo and vs. H107e/CAF®10b + BCG before first i.m. vaccination and two weeks after the second i.m. vaccination (phase 1b) [Day 1 and Day 43]
PBMC ELISpot or whole blood ICS is used to evaluate this outcome

Secondary Outcome Measures

Frequencies of H107e-specific IFN-γ producing T-cells before first i.m. vaccination and two weeks after the second i.m. vaccination (phase 1a) [Day 1 and Day 43]
ELISpot assay on PBMCs is used to evaluate this outcome
Frequencies of BCG-specific T-cells producing IFN-γ and/or IL-17 induced by H107e/CAF®10b + BCG vs. BCG alone (phase 1b) [Day 1 and Day 85]
PBMC ELISpot or whole blood ICS is used to evaluate this outcome

Eligibility Criteria

Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study:

18 Years to 45 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study:

All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers:

Yes

Inclusion Criteria:

Healthy adults aged ≥18 years and ≤ 45 years of age on the day of the screening visit
Completed the written informed consent process
Confirmed HIV-negative at screening
Confirmed Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra-negative at screening
Laboratory values within the indicated ranges obtained at screening:
Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥800 cells/mm3
Haemoglobin ≥ 11 g/dL for females and >10.5 g/dL for males
Platelet count ≥ 100,000/mm3
Serum creatinine ≤ 1.5 X upper limit of normal (ULN)
AST (SGOT), ALT (SGPT), and alkaline phosphatase, ≤ 2.5 X ULN
Total bilirubin ≤ 2 X ULN)
Agrees to refrain from blood donation during the course of the trial
Women of child-bearing potential must use a highly effective form of birth control (confirmed by the investigator) throughout the trial
A highly effective method of birth control is defined as hormonal contraceptives (oral, injection, transdermal patch, or implant), bilateral tubal occlusion or intrauterine device. The participants must have used the contraceptive method continuously for at least 21 days prior to the pregnancy test at baseline (Day 1)
A female is defined as not being of child-bearing potential if she is postmenopausal (aged 50 and above with at least 12 months with no menses without an alternative medical cause prior to screening. If less than 50 years old, then confirmatory Follicular stimulating hormone testing is required)
A female is defined as not being of child-bearing potential if she is surgically sterile (hysterectomy, bilateral salpingectomy, or bilateral oophorectomy). Written evidence of surgical sterility would be optimal
Agrees to give access to medical records for trial related purposes
Agrees to stay in contact with the trial site for the duration of the trial, provide updated contact information as necessary and has no current plans to move from the area for the duration of the trial

Exclusion Criteria:

Previous diagnosis or current diagnosis of TB, including suspected subclinical TB
Reported current household contact with TB. Note: Daily caregivers to TB infected persons will be considered as household contacts
History of or ongoing severe disease that in the opinion of the investigator might affect the safety of the participant or the immunogenicity of the trial product
Insulin-dependent diabetes
History of allergic disease or reactions likely to be exacerbated by any component of the trial product
History of chronic allergic rhinitis likely to interfere with the assessment of the mucosal recall
History of frequent or severe epistaxis
History or laboratory evidence of primary and/or acquired immunodeficiency, autoimmune disease, or immunosuppression
History of a malignant condition (e.g. lymphoma, leukaemia, Hodgkin's disease or other tumours of the reticuloendothelial system)
History of chronic hepatitis
Has a body mass index ≤18 or ≥35 at screening (weight [kg] / (height [m] * height [m]))
Abnormal chest X-ray at screening
Receipt or planned receipt of any other investigational TB vaccine
Receipt or planned receipt of any other investigational drug
Receipt of emergency use authorised/emergency use listed [EUA/EUL] vaccines or licensed live attenuated vaccines (e.g., measles, mumps, and rubella [MMR], oral polio vaccine [OPV], varicella, yellow fever, live attenuated influenza vaccine, live attenuated COVID-19 vaccine) within 30 days prior to screening
Receipt of any EUA/EUL or licensed vaccines that are not live attenuated vaccines (e.g., tetanus, pneumococcal, Hepatitis A or B, not live attenuated COVID-19 vaccine) within 14 days prior to screening
Receipt of anticoagulant therapy, including daily acetylsalicylic acid product. NOTE: Intermittent symptomatic use is permitted
Receipt of treatment likely to modify the immune response (e.g. blood products, immunoglobulins) within 42 days before screening
Receipt of immunosuppressive medications, including radiotherapy, nasal corticosteroids and inhaled corticosteroids. NOTE: Use of the following is permitted:
Topical corticosteroids for mild, uncomplicated dermatologic conditions except if administered on the site of injection of trial products
A single course of oral/parenteral prednisone or equivalent at doses <60 mg/day and for <11 days with completion at least 30 days prior to screening
Female participants: if lactating/nursing, or pregnant as per positive pregnancy test
Not suitable for inclusion in the opinion of the investigator