STATIS: Systematic Empirical vs. Test-guided Anti-TB Treatment Impact in Severely Immunosuppressed HIV-infected Adults Initiating ART With CD4 Cell Counts <100/mm3
Study Details
Study Description
Brief Summary
In countries with a high tuberculosis (TB) prevalence, TB and invasive bacterial infections are leading causes of early death in patients who initiate antiretroviral therapy (ART) with advanced immunodeficiency.
We hypothesize that a systematic 6-month empirical TB treatment initiated 2 weeks before the introduction of ART in HIV-infected adults with severe immunosuppression (CD4<100/mm3) and no overt evidence of TB will reduce the risk of death and invasive bacterial infections. This strategy will be compared to one of extensive TB testing using point-of-care tests (Xpert MTB/RIF® and urine lipoarabinomanan LAM) and chest X-ray to identify and treat only patients with at least one positive test suggestive of TB.
Condition or Disease | Intervention/Treatment | Phase |
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Phase 4 |
Detailed Description
Settings: Cambodia, Côte d'Ivoire, Uganda, Vietnam. Design: Multicentre, two-arm, unblinded randomized controlled superiority trial.
Objective: To compare the 24-week risk of death and occurrence of invasive bacterial infection between two experimental strategies in HIV-1 infected adults who start ART with a CD4 count <100/mm3: (i) continuous extensive TB screening during follow-up each time the patient present with symptoms, versus (ii) systematic empirical TB treatment started 2 weeks before ART initiation.
Trial strategies:
At inclusion, participants will be randomized 1:1 in two strategies of TB testing and treatment: extensive TB screening, or systematic empirical TB treatment.
Extensive TB screening (arm 1): In this arm:
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TB screening point-of-care tests (Xpert MTB/RIF®, urine LAM) and chest X-ray will be used extensively at randomisation (in all patients) and during follow-up (in patients with signs or symptoms suggestive of TB);
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Only patients who meet standardized criteria for TB at inclusion or during follow-up will receive a standard TB treatment (2ERHZ/4RH);
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ART (tenofovir(TDF)-lamivudine (3TC)/emtricitabine(FTC) or zidovudine (AZT)-lamivudine+ efavirenz) will be started immediately after randomization in patients not put on TB treatment, and 2 weeks after initiation of TB treatment in others.
Systematic empirical TB treatment (arm 2): In this arm:
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TB screening point-of-care tests will not be used;
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All patients will start a 6-month standard TB treatment (2ERHZ/4RH) at randomization; ART (tenofovir-lamivudine/emtricitabine or zidovudine-lamivudine+ efavirenz) will be started 2 weeks after TB treatment initiation.
Both strategies will apply to the first 24 weeks in the trial (intervention period).
From week-24 to week-48, the choice of TB tests and the prescription of TB treatment will be left upon the decision of the investigator in both trial arms.
Inclusion time: 24 months. Follow-up: each patient will be followed 48 weeks. Statistical analysis: the primary analysis will be intention to treat. It will compare the 24-week probability of death or invasive bacterial infection between arms.
Sample size: 1050 participants. This will allow demonstration of a 40% reduction in the 24-week probability of death or invasive bacterial infection in arm 2, compared to arm 1 (α 5%; 1-β 80%).
Study Design
Arms and Interventions
Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
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Experimental: Xpert MTB/RIF®, Determine TB LAM, Chest X-ray Arm1 Extensive TB screening: In this arm, point-of-care tests for TB will be used at randomization (in all patients) and at each scheduled or unscheduled follow-up visit (in patients with signs or symptoms suggestive of TB and no clear alternative diagnosis); TB treatment will only be prescribed to patients with a diagnosis of TB |
Device: Xpert MTB/RIF®, Determine TB LAM, Chest X-ray
The following point-of-care TB tests will be systematically performed:
Xpert MTB/RIF® on sputum (in all patients able to provide sputum; no sputum induction will be requested in others), Urine LAM (all patients). Depending on clinical presentation, Xpert MTB/RIF® will also be performed on any relevant extra-pulmonary specimen.
TB treatment will depend on the result of the tests:
Criteria met for confirmed or probable TB : TB treatment will be initiated immediately (Visit 1) followed by ART initiation 2 weeks later (Visit 2); No evidence of confirmed or probable TB: ART will be started immediately (Visit 1).
Drug: ART (Atripla, Truvada, Efavirenz, Combivir)
ART (TDF-3TC/FTC or AZT-3TC + efavirenz) will be started immediately after randomization in patients not put on TB treatment, and 2 weeks after initiation of TB treatment in others.
ART will be initiated 2 weeks after the onset of TB treatment (V2) for Arm 2
Other Names:
Drug: Rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol
Arm 1: Only patients who meet standardized criteria for TB at inclusion or during follow-up will receive a standard TB treatment (2ERHZ/4RH); Arm 2: • All patients will start a 6-month standard TB treatment (2ERHZ/4RH) at randomization
Other Names:
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Experimental: Rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol Arm 2: Systematic Empiric treatment (Rifampicin,isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol) ART In this arm, all patients will start a systematic 6-month TB treatment at randomization. TB screening tests will not systematically be used neither at randomization nor while patients are on TB treatment. |
Drug: ART (Atripla, Truvada, Efavirenz, Combivir)
ART (TDF-3TC/FTC or AZT-3TC + efavirenz) will be started immediately after randomization in patients not put on TB treatment, and 2 weeks after initiation of TB treatment in others.
ART will be initiated 2 weeks after the onset of TB treatment (V2) for Arm 2
Other Names:
Drug: Rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol
Arm 1: Only patients who meet standardized criteria for TB at inclusion or during follow-up will receive a standard TB treatment (2ERHZ/4RH); Arm 2: • All patients will start a 6-month standard TB treatment (2ERHZ/4RH) at randomization
Other Names:
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Outcome Measures
Primary Outcome Measures
- All-cause mortality and incidence of invasive bacterial infections [24 weeks]
The primary endpoint is the composite of (i) 24-week all-cause mortality and (ii) 24-week incidence of invasive bacterial infections
Secondary Outcome Measures
- Incidence of confirmed/probable/possible TB [24 Weeks and 48 weeks]
- Incidence of grade 3 or 4 adverse events [24 Weeks and 48 weeks]
Other Outcome Measures
- Incidence of TB-associated IRIS [24 Weeks and 48 Weeks]
- Incidence of AIDS-defining diseases other than TB [24 Weeks and 48 Weeks]
Eligibility Criteria
Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
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Age ≥18 years;
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HIV-1 infection as documented at any time prior to trial entry, as per national testing procedures;
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CD4 <100 cells/mm3;
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No history of antiretroviral drug use (except transient ART for PMTCT);
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Able to correctly understand the trial and to sign the informed consent.
Exclusion Criteria:
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HIV-2 co-infection;
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Contra-indication to efavirenz;
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Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) or Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) >5 times the upper limit of normal;
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Creatinine clearance <50 ml/min;
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Overt evidence that TB treatment should be started immediately;
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History of TB treatment in the past 5 years;
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Ongoing TB chemoprophylaxis (isoniazid preventive therapy);
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Any condition that would lead to differ ART initiation (e.g. acute condition requiring investigations and/or treatment prior to ART initiation);
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Current pregnancy or breastfeeding.
Contacts and Locations
Locations
Site | City | State | Country | Postal Code | |
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1 | Sihanouk Hospital Center of Hope | Phnom Penh | Cambodia | 2318 | |
2 | CePReF Centre de Prise en charge de Recherche et de Formation | Abidjan | Yopougon | Côte D'Ivoire | 1954 |
3 | ISS ImmunoSuppression Service | Mbarara | Uganda | 1956 | |
4 | Pham Ngoc Thach Hospital | Ho Chi Minh City | Vietnam |
Sponsors and Collaborators
- ANRS, Emerging Infectious Diseases
Investigators
- Principal Investigator: François-Xavier Blanc, MD, PhD, Université de Nantes, Institut du thorax, CHU Nantes, France
- Principal Investigator: Kouao Médard Serge Domoua, MD, Service de Pneumologie, CHU de Treichville, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
Study Documents (Full-Text)
More Information
Publications
None provided.- ANRS 12290