Positive Choice: Prevention for Positive Health

Sponsor

National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) (NIH)

Overall Status

Completed

CT.gov ID

NCT00447707

Collaborator

(none)

497

Enrollment

Locations

Duration (Months)

99.4

Patients Per Site

Patients Per Site Per Month

Study Details

Study Description

Brief Summary

This is a randomized, controlled trial of Positive Choice, an interactive multimedia computer program, to determine whether it can detect and reduce risky behaviors among HIV-positive adults. The behaviors of interest are: unprotected anal or vaginal intercourse, illicit drug use, risky alcohol drinking, and failure to disclose HIV status to sex partners. The Positive Choice program is integrated into the routine operations of outpatient HIV clinics, where participating patients complete an in-depth risk assessment (computerized health questionnaire) before a regularly scheduled medical appointment. Participants assigned to the intervention arm receive brief, interactive risk-reduction counseling by an actor-portrayed Video Doctor and an educational worksheet. Their health care provider receives as summary cueing sheet, alerting them to the patient's risky behavior and readiness to change. Control participants complete the computerized risk assessment and receive the clinic's usual care. Three months after a baseline visit, intervention and control group patients are invited back to complete an additional risk assessment. The intervention group also receives a "booster" intervention. Six months after baseline, both groups complete a final risk assessment.

Condition or Disease	Intervention/Treatment	Phase
HIV Infections Sexual Risk Behavior Substance Use Risks	Behavioral: Positive Choice	N/A

Detailed Description

A preliminary analysis of baseline data was conducted in January 2006, which indicated that the Positive Choice intervention achieved significant reductions in drug use. These findings were reported in a poster presentation at the XVI International AIDS Conference in Toronto, Canada, in August 2006. A final analysis of outcomes data was conducted in fall 2006 (September - December). Aggregate results from all five study sites are summarized below.

We found a high prevalence of risky behaviors in our sample (497/918, or 54%) and achieved high retention for follow-up in both groups (>80%). We found significant elimination of any drug use in the intervention group at both follow-ups. Among all participants who reported drug use at baseline, 66% of intervention participants continued their drug use at 3-month follow-up compared to 85% of control participants (OR 0.356, p<0.01). At 6-month follow-up, 59% of intervention participants continued their drug use compared to 88% of the control group (<0.001). Among participants who reported methamphetamine use at baseline, 58% continued their methamphetamine use at 3-month follow-up compared to 83% of control participants (OR 0.285, p=0.02). At 6-month follow-up, 53% of intervention participants continued their methamphetamine use compared to 73% of the control group (OR 0.344, p=0.03). We also found significantly less unprotected sex with casual partners by intervention participants at 3-month follow up (69% vs. 87%, OR 0.313, p=0.04), and fewer intervention participants who exceeded the recommended number of drinks per week at 3-months (53% vs. 78%, OR 0.310, p=0.02) Our findings indicate that the Positive Choice program was effective at reducing important behavioral risks among HIV-positive adults in care. Positive Choice is an appropriate and effective adjunct to routine medical care for HIV-positive adults.

Study Design

Study Type:

Interventional

Allocation:

Randomized

Intervention Model:

Parallel Assignment

Masking:

Single

Official Title:

Positive Choice: Prevention for Positive Health

Study Start Date :

Dec 1, 2003

Study Completion Date :

Sep 1, 2006

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

Elimination of risky drinking, illicit alcohol use, unprotected sex, and non-disclosure of HIV status to sex partners. []

Secondary Outcome Measures

Measures of change in risky alcohol use, illicit drug use, unprotected sex, and non-disclosure of HIV status to sex partners. []

Eligibility Criteria

Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study:

18 Years and Older

Sexes Eligible for Study:

All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers:

Yes

Inclusion Criteria:

18 years or older,
HIV-positive 3 months or longer,
English speaking; and
Receiving medical care at a participating clinic.

Exclusion Criteria:

Less than 18 years old,
HIV-positive less than 3 months,
Non-English speaking; and
Not receiving medical care at a participating clinic.

Contacts and Locations

Locations

	Site	City	State	Country	Postal Code
1	Adult Immunology Clinic, Highland Hospital	Oakland	California	United States	94602
2	AIDS Project East Bay (APEB)	Oakland	California	United States	94607
3	East Bay AIDS Center (EBAC), Alta Bates Hospital	Oakland	California	United States	94609
4	Kaiser Permanente Medical Center	San Francisco	California	United States	94115
5	Adult Immunology Clinic, Fairmont Hospital	San Leandro	California	United States	94578