Morphine vs. Oxycodone for Postoperative Pain Management

Sponsor

Ullevaal University Hospital (Other)

Overall Status

Completed

CT.gov ID

NCT00528177

Collaborator

University of Oslo (Other)

Enrollment

Location

Arms

Duration (Months)

Patients Per Site Per Month

Study Details

Study Description

Brief Summary

The purpose of this study is to determine whether oxycodone provides better analgesia compared to morphine after laparoscopic hysterectomy or myomectomy.

Condition or Disease	Intervention/Treatment	Phase
Hysterectomy Myoma Postoperative Pain Opioids	Drug: Morphine and oxycodone	Phase 4

Detailed Description

Traditionally, a 1:1 ratio in analgesic potency between intravenous morphine and oxycodone has been presumed (1-2), but one study demonstrated a 3:2 ratio between those drugs (3). During the last years, several studies indicate that oxycodone has the potential of mediating pain relief through the kappa-opioid receptor (4-6), and not only on the my-opioid receptor like most other opioids used in the clinic. Kappa-opioid receptors are widely distributed in visceral organs, and this may explain why Kalso (3) found less need for oxycodone compared to morphine in patients undergoing abdominal surgery.

The aim of this study is to investigate whether patients with visceral postoperative pain need less oxycodone compared to morphine, and whether patients receiving oxycodone experience better pain relief and less adverse effects compared to patients receiving morphine.

Before start of surgery, the patients will be tested with PainMatcher, an instrument testing electrical pain threshold in the skin (7-10), to ensure that both groups have the same pain threshold before surgery.

References

Kalso E. Oxycodone. Journal of Pain & Symptom Management 2005; 29: S47-S56.
Silvasti M, Rosenberg P, Seppala T, Svartling N, Pitkanen M. Comparison of analgesic efficacy of oxycodone and morphine in postoperative intravenous patient-controlled analgesia. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1998; 42: 576-80.
Kalso E, Poyhia R, Onnela P, Linko K, Tigerstedt I, Tammisto T. Intravenous morphine and oxycodone for pain after abdominal surgery. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1991; 35: 642-6.
Staahl C, Christrup LL, Andersen SD, Arendt-Nielsen L, Drewes AM. A comparative study of oxycodone and morphine in a multi-modal, tissue-differentiated experimental pain model. Pain 2006; 123: 28-36.
Ross FB, Smith MT. The intrinsic antinociceptive effects of oxycodone appear to be kappa-opioid receptor mediated. Pain 1997; 73: 151-7.
Sandner-Kiesling A, Pan HL, Chen SR, James RL, Haven-Hudkins DL, Dewan DM, Eisenach JC. Effect of kappa opioid agonists on visceral nociception induced by uterine cervical distension in rats. Pain 2002; 96: 13-22.
Alstergren P, Forstrom J, Alstergren P, Forstrom J. Acute oral pain intensity and pain threshold assessed by intensity matching to pain induced by electrical stimuli. Journal of Orofacial Pain 2003; 17: 151-9.
Lundeberg T, Lund I, Dahlin L, Borg E, Gustafsson C, Sandin L, Rosen A, Kowalski J, Eriksson SV. Reliability and responsiveness of three different pain assessments. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 2001; 33: 279-83.
Nielsen PR. Prediction of post-operative pain by an electrical pain stimulus. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2007; 51: 582-6.
Stener-Victorin E, Kowalski J, Lundeberg T. A new highly reliable instrument for the assessment of pre- and postoperative gynecological pain. Anesth & Analg 95: 151-7.

Study Design

Study Type:

Interventional

Anticipated Enrollment :

90 participants

Allocation:

Randomized

Intervention Model:

Parallel Assignment

Masking:

Triple (Participant, Care Provider, Investigator)

Primary Purpose:

Treatment

Official Title:

Phase 4: A Comparison of Intravenous Administration of Morphine vs. Oxycodone for Postoperative Pain Management Following Laparoscopic Hysterectomy or Myomectomy

Study Start Date :

Sep 1, 2007

Actual Primary Completion Date :

Jun 1, 2008

Actual Study Completion Date :

Jun 1, 2008

Arms and Interventions

Arm	Intervention/Treatment
Active Comparator: O This arm will receive intravenous oxycodone at the end of surgery and PCA oxycodone for postoperative pain relief.	Drug: Morphine and oxycodone At the end of surgery, group 1 will receive intravenous morphine 0.07 mg/kg and intravenous PCA morphine 0.015 mg/kg every time they push the botton with 5 minutes lock-out interval. Maximum 16 mg/2 hours. Group 2 will receive intravenous oxycodone 0.07 mg/kg and intravenous PCA oxycodone 0.015 mg/kg every time they push the botton with 5 minutes lock-out interval. Maximum 16 mg/2 hours. The patients will use the PCA until the next morning.
Active Comparator: M This arm will receive intravenous morphine at the end of surgery and PCA morphine for postoperative pain relief.	Drug: Morphine and oxycodone At the end of surgery, group 1 will receive intravenous morphine 0.07 mg/kg and intravenous PCA morphine 0.015 mg/kg every time they push the botton with 5 minutes lock-out interval. Maximum 16 mg/2 hours. Group 2 will receive intravenous oxycodone 0.07 mg/kg and intravenous PCA oxycodone 0.015 mg/kg every time they push the botton with 5 minutes lock-out interval. Maximum 16 mg/2 hours. The patients will use the PCA until the next morning.

Arm

Intervention/Treatment

Active Comparator: O

This arm will receive intravenous oxycodone at the end of surgery and PCA oxycodone for postoperative pain relief.

Drug: Morphine and oxycodone

At the end of surgery, group 1 will receive intravenous morphine 0.07 mg/kg and intravenous PCA morphine 0.015 mg/kg every time they push the botton with 5 minutes lock-out interval. Maximum 16 mg/2 hours. Group 2 will receive intravenous oxycodone 0.07 mg/kg and intravenous PCA oxycodone 0.015 mg/kg every time they push the botton with 5 minutes lock-out interval. Maximum 16 mg/2 hours. The patients will use the PCA until the next morning.

Active Comparator: M

This arm will receive intravenous morphine at the end of surgery and PCA morphine for postoperative pain relief.

Drug: Morphine and oxycodone

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

Dosage relation between oxycodone and morphine. Pain score (VAS). Adverse effects. [Within the first postoperative day (24 hours).]

Eligibility Criteria

Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study:

18 Years to 70 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study:

Female

Accepts Healthy Volunteers:

Inclusion Criteria:

Patients (American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) I, II and III) due for elective, laparoscopic, non-malignant gynaecologic surgery: Hysterectomy or myomectomy.
Written informed consent.
Age: 18 to 70 years.

Exclusion Criteria:

Patients having used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) the last 24 hours.
Sensitivity towards the study drugs.
Cardiovascular risk conditions: Heart failure, unstable hypertension, coronary artery disease.
Patients using opioids, steroids or anti-emetic drugs.
Serious mental disease.