Immunotherapy After Transplantation for Skin Cancer Prevention in Organ Transplant Recipients

Sponsor

Massachusetts General Hospital (Other)

Overall Status

Not yet recruiting

CT.gov ID

NCT04642287

Collaborator

Washington University School of Medicine (Other)

Enrollment

Locations

Arms

Anticipated Duration (Months)

Patients Per Site

0.7

Patients Per Site Per Month

Study Details

Study Description

Brief Summary

This clinical trial aims to investigate the efficacy of Calcipotriol ointment combined with 5-FU cream in Organ Transplant Recipients (OTRs) to determine if it can stimulate the immune cells against actinic keratoses precancerous skin lesions after transplantation and prevent cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in long-term.

Condition or Disease	Intervention/Treatment	Phase
Immunotherapy Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Actinic Keratoses Organ Transplant Recipients Skin Cancer	Drug: Calcipotriol Only Product in Cutaneous Dose Form Drug: Vaseline Drug: Topical 5FU	Phase 2

Detailed Description

The main goal of this investigator-initiated clinical trial is to determine the efficacy of topical calcipotriol combined with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment in OTRs on immunosuppressive medications with precancerous skin lesions called actinic keratoses (AKs) and a history of non-melanoma skin cancer in order to eliminate AKs and prevent squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) development. SCC is the most common cutaneous malignancy seen after transplantation, with a 65-250fold greater incidence in organ transplant recipients (OTRs) compared to the general population. This increased risk is due to the systemic immunosuppression caused by anti-rejection medications, which are indispensable for protecting against allograft loss. Our previous findings have established the efficacy of calcipotriol in combination with 5-FU in inducing an antitumor immunity against AKs in immunocompetent patients. This SCC risk reduction is accompanied by the induction of robust T cell immunity and TRM cell formation against AKs. Calcipotriol is a FDA-approved low calcemic vitamin D analogue for the treatment of psoriasis. Topical 5-FU is a standard chemotherapy for AKs. Based on our previous findings demonstrating the synergistic impact of TSLP induction by calcipotriol in combination with the cytotoxic effects of 5-FU that leads to a robust T cell immunity against early skin carcinogenesis in immunocompetent patients, we aim to determine whether this efficacy is maintained in OTRs on immunosuppressive therapy and its effect on SCC prevention in long-term after transplantation.

Study Design

Study Type:

Interventional

Anticipated Enrollment :

64 participants

Allocation:

Randomized

Intervention Model:

Parallel Assignment

Intervention Model Description:

Parallel AssignmentParallel Assignment

Masking:

Triple (Participant, Care Provider, Investigator)

Masking Description:

All participants, care giver and investigators measuring or analyzing the experimental data will be blinded to the interventions. Tissue samples collected will be labeled with 3-digit unique IDs and de-identified before studying in PI's lab. The study investigator will collect AK/skin samples and label them based on the study ID (e.g. "201") without compromising their blinded status. All the study records/photographs will be kept in a locked office or password-protected computer that is only accessible by the members of the research team.

Primary Purpose:

Treatment

Official Title:

Calcipotriol Plus 5-Fluorouracil Immunotherapy for Skin Cancer Prevention in Organ Transplant Recipients

Anticipated Study Start Date :

Jan 1, 2023

Anticipated Primary Completion Date :

Jan 1, 2026

Anticipated Study Completion Date :

Jan 1, 2027

Arms and Interventions

Arm	Intervention/Treatment
Experimental: Topical Calcipotriol ointment plus 5-Fluorouracil cream Topical Calcipotriol 0.0025% ointment plus 5-Fluorouracil 2.5% cream will be administered by the participants to their face, scalp and upper extremities twice a day for 6 consecutive days.	Drug: Calcipotriol Only Product in Cutaneous Dose Form Calcipotriene is a form of vitamin D. It works by inducing thymic stromal lymphopoietin cytokine expression in the skin. Other Names: Topical Calcipotriene ointment Drug: Topical 5FU 5-FU is a chemotherapy that causes the death of proliferating tumor cells. Topical preparation of this drug is being used. Other Names: Topical 5-fluorouracil
Placebo Comparator: Topical vaseline plus 5-Fluorouracil 2.5% cream Topical Vaseline plus 5-Fluorouracil 2.5% cream will be administered by the participants to their face, scalp and upper extremities twice a day for 6 consecutive days.	Drug: Vaseline Placebo Other Names: Petrolatum Drug: Topical 5FU 5-FU is a chemotherapy that causes the death of proliferating tumor cells. Topical preparation of this drug is being used. Other Names: Topical 5-fluorouracil

Arm

Intervention/Treatment

Experimental: Topical Calcipotriol ointment plus 5-Fluorouracil cream

Topical Calcipotriol 0.0025% ointment plus 5-Fluorouracil 2.5% cream will be administered by the participants to their face, scalp and upper extremities twice a day for 6 consecutive days.

Drug: Calcipotriol Only Product in Cutaneous Dose Form

Calcipotriene is a form of vitamin D. It works by inducing thymic stromal lymphopoietin cytokine expression in the skin.

Other Names:

Topical Calcipotriene ointment

Drug: Topical 5FU

5-FU is a chemotherapy that causes the death of proliferating tumor cells. Topical preparation of this drug is being used.

Other Names:

Topical 5-fluorouracil

Placebo Comparator: Topical vaseline plus 5-Fluorouracil 2.5% cream

Topical Vaseline plus 5-Fluorouracil 2.5% cream will be administered by the participants to their face, scalp and upper extremities twice a day for 6 consecutive days.

Drug: Vaseline

Placebo

Other Names:

Petrolatum

Drug: Topical 5FU

5-FU is a chemotherapy that causes the death of proliferating tumor cells. Topical preparation of this drug is being used.

Other Names:

Topical 5-fluorouracil

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

The changes in baseline number of AKs on treated anatomical sites in post-transplant OTRs [8 weeks after treatment]
The changes in baseline number of AKs on treated anatomical sites in post-transplant OTRs quantified based on participants' medical records and photographs in test versus control group

Secondary Outcome Measures

The changes in the number of SCC on treated anatomical sites in post-transplant OTRs [1, 2 and 4 years after treatment]
The changes in number of SCC on treated anatomical sites in post-transplant OTRs quantified based on participants' medical records, photographs and pathology results in test versus control group
The changes in the magnitude of TSLP, CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ TRM cell infiltrates in in the AK and normal skin after transplantation [at one day after 6-day treatment and at one year post-treatment]
The changes in the magnitude of TSLP, CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ TRM cell infiltrates in OTRs after transplantation compared to before transplantation in test versus control group.
The changes in immune infiltrate (CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ TRM cell) in any SCC that develops after treatment [up to 4 years after treatment]
The changes in immune infiltrate in any SCC that develops after calcipotriol plus 5-FU versus Vaseline plus 5-FU treatment for up to 4 years post-transplant.
Number of Participants with Treatment Related Adverse Events [From the start of treatment until 30 days after the end of treatment, up to 2 months]
Adverse events will be assessed including any local skin reactions like itching and rash
Number of participants with any proven rejection of the graft in OTRs [From the start of treatment until 30 days after the end of treatment]
Number of participants with any biopsy proven acute rejection of the graft after treatment with calcipotriol plus 5-FU compared to test group.
The changes in erythema extent and intensity scores (0-4) of the treated anatomical sites [at one day after the completion of a 6-day treatment]
The changes in erythema extent and intensity scores of the treated anatomical sites in test versus control group in post-transplant OTRs. Treated skin will be evaluated for any sign of irritation including erythema, crusting or ulceration using a clinical erythema scale. (No erythema=0, mild erythema=1, sever erythema with minimal scaling=2, sever erythema with significant scaling=3, sever erythema with scaling, crusting, itching and burning=4)
The changes in response to treatment (AKs number) between treated anatomical sites [at one day after treatment and one year after treatment]
The changes in response to topical calcipotriol plus 5-FU versus Vaseline plus 5-FU between treated anatomical sites
The changes in SCC prevention (number of SCC) on the untreated anatomical sites (i.e., trunk and lower extremities) of OTRs [at one, two and four years post-transplant.]
The changes in efficacy of a twice daily 6-day treatment with topical calcipotriol plus 5-FU (test) versus Vaseline plus 5-FU (control) before transplantation in preventing SCC on the untreated anatomical sites (i.e., trunk and lower extremities) of OTRs.

Eligibility Criteria

Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study:

50 Years and Older

Sexes Eligible for Study:

All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers:

Yes

Inclusion Criteria:

Solid organ transplant recipients with AKs and a history of non-melanoma skin cancer in one year prior to enrollment into the study. The target population includes post-transplant OTRs.
Presence of four to fifteen clinically typical, visible, and discrete AKs in 25 cm2 on any of the four anatomical sites: scalp, face, right upper extremity and left upper extremity.
The period between the first visit and transplantation is minimum 4 weeks and maximum 12 months.
Age of at least 18 years
Ability and willingness of the patient to participate in the study (Informed consent will be obtained)

Exclusion Criteria:

Treatment area is within 5 cm of an incompletely healed wound or a suspected basal cell or squamous cell carcinoma.
Treatment area contained hypertrophic and hyperkeratotic lesions, cutaneous horns, or lesions that had not responded to repeated cryotherapy.
Patients with history of hypercalcemia or vitamin D toxicity.
Female participants must be either of non-reproductive potential (i.e., post-menopausal by history of age > 50 years old and no menses for >1 year without an alternative medical cause; OR history of hysterectomy, history of bilateral tubal ligation, or history of bilateral oophorectomy) OR must have a negative serum pregnancy test within 7 days prior to study registration.
Patients with DPD (Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase) deficiency (due to their higher risk of 5-FU toxicity).