Infants of Diabetic Mothers in Neonatology Unit at Assiut University Children's Hospital
Study Details
Study Description
Brief Summary
Determine spectrum of clinical presentations and complications associated with maternal diabetes mellitus in their newborns attending and admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Assiut University Children's Hospital.
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Detailed Description
The global incidence of diabetes mellitus including diabetes of pregnant women is on the rise .
Diabetes during pregnancy has been associated with several maternal and fetal problems .
Diabetes during pregnancy include gestational diabetes which is defined as carbohydrate intolerance of varying degrees with hyperglycemia starting during pregnancy ,generally develops in the second half of pregnancy .
While pregestational diabetes is the condition in which a woman with diabetes ( type 1 or commonly type 2 ) before the onset of pregnancy .
Both gestational and pregestational diabetes are associated with increased rates of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes . Adverse outcomes are more common with pregestational diabetes compared to gestational diabetes mellitus ; although , conflicting results have been reported .
Inspite the huge progress in the treatment of diabetes mellitus , Investigators are still in the situation that both gestational and pregestational diabetes impose an additional risk to the embryo , fetus , and course of pregnancy Pregestational diabetes mellitus increases the rate of congenital malformations , especially cardiac such as Patent foramen ovale , hypertrophic cardiomyopathy , Atrial septal defect , ventricular septal defect .
Fetal macrosomia is a common adverse effect on the infant outcomes . It increases the risk of shoulder dystocia , clavicle fractures , brachial plexus injury , which increase the rate of admission to the neonatal intensive care unit .
This infant may experience asphyxia , respiratory distress , hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia , hyperinsulinemia , hypocalcemia , hypomagnesemia , hyperbilirubinemia , polycythemia and anemia .
Caudal regression syndrome , anencephaly , microcephaly , hydrocephalus , spina bifida are also complications of diabetes mellitus in pregnancy .
Both gestational and pregestational diabetes may also cause various motor and behaviouralneurodevelopmental problems including an increased incidence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder .
It has been found that there is increased rate of obesity , impaired glucose intolerance or diabetes mellitus in the childhood and adolescence .
Mechanisms of diabetic induced damage in pregnancyare related to maternal and fetal hyperglycemia ,enhanced oxidation status , epigenetic changes and other less defined pathogenic mechanisms .
Uncontrolled diabetes has profound effects on embryogenesis , organogenesis , and fetal and neonatal growth .
The severity of complications is higher with earlier onset of gestational diabetes mellitus and inversely correlated with the degree of glycemic control .
Early initiation of gestational diabetes mellitus might even cause some increase in the rate of congenital malformations .
Tight glycemic control prior to conception and during pregnancy can prevent an excess rate of congenital malformations ,macrosomia , birth trauma and neonatal respiratory distress syndrome .
Study Design
Outcome Measures
Primary Outcome Measures
- Determine clinical spectrum of infants of diabetic mothers at neonatology unit of Assiut university children's hospital [Baseline]
Mesure weight in kelograms
- Determine clinical spectrum of infants of diabetic mothers [baseline]
Mesure height in centimeters
- Determine clinical spectrum of infants of diabetic mothers [baseline]
Mesure head circumference in centimeters
Eligibility Criteria
Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
- The study will include all live births of diabetic mothers attending and admitted to Neonatal intensive Care Unit of Assiut University Children's Hospital .
Exclusion Criteria:
- Babies born to non diabetic mothers .
Contacts and Locations
Locations
No locations specified.Sponsors and Collaborators
- Assiut University
Investigators
- Study Director: Safwat Mohamed Abdel-aziz, Assistant professor, Assiut University
- Study Director: Shimaa Kamal Mohamed, Lecturer, Assiut University
Study Documents (Full-Text)
None provided.More Information
Publications
- [7] J. L. Kitzmiller, A. Ferrara, T. Peng, M. A. Cissell, and C. Kim, "Chapter 5: Preexisting Diabetes and Pregnancy."
- Akbariasbagh P, Shariat M, Akbariasbagh N, Ebrahim B. Cardiovascular Malformations in Infants of Diabetic Mothers: A Retrospective Case-Control Study. Acta Med Iran. 2017 Feb;55(2):103-108.
- Kc K, Shakya S, Zhang H. Gestational diabetes mellitus and macrosomia: a literature review. Ann Nutr Metab. 2015;66 Suppl 2:14-20. doi: 10.1159/000371628. Epub 2015 Jun 2.
- Malaza N, Masete M, Adam S, Dias S, Nyawo T, Pheiffer C. A Systematic Review to Compare Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in Women with Pregestational Diabetes and Gestational Diabetes. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Aug 31;19(17):10846. doi: 10.3390/ijerph191710846.
- Ornoy A, Becker M, Weinstein-Fudim L, Ergaz Z. Diabetes during Pregnancy: A Maternal Disease Complicating the Course of Pregnancy with Long-Term Deleterious Effects on the Offspring. A Clinical Review. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Mar 15;22(6):2965. doi: 10.3390/ijms22062965.
- Singh S, Yadav M. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus among Pregnant Women Delivering in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc. 2022 Mar 11;60(247):229-233. doi: 10.31729/jnma.7304.
- Weintrob N, Karp M, Hod M. Short- and long-range complications in offspring of diabetic mothers. J Diabetes Complications. 1996 Sep-Oct;10(5):294-301. doi: 10.1016/1056-8727(95)00080-1.
- Infants of diabetic mothers