Prepulse Inhibition (PPI) of Startle Reflex in Schizophrenia Patients Related to Type of Treatment and Illness Duration
Study Details
Study Description
Brief Summary
PPI is an objective measure to assess pre-attentive processes that have already been tested before in the case of schizophrenia. The investigators aim to assess through this instrument two main characteristics, that the investigators assume are of relevance which are the duration of illness and the type of pharmaceutical treatment, patients receive.
The investigators believe these two main characteristics are critical to the ability of the patients in improvement of their PPI response to startle reflex.
| Condition or Disease | Intervention/Treatment | Phase |
|---|---|---|
|
N/A |
Detailed Description
It is common to relate changes of PPI to startle reflex to both negative and positive signs of schizophrenia. Results can both start to explain formations of delusions and hallucinations and the difficulty in processing information for surrounding. It was already tested and discussed in previous trials the relation between type of pharmaceutical treatment as affecting on PPI to startle reflex both causing changes, or improving previous results.
In previous trials as opposed to our planned trial, not much attention was paid for the relation on the changes found to the type of treatment and the duration of the illness. Plus, most trails had different methods of assessing it than our method.
The investigators assume that patients who are receiving typical antipsychotic treatment would have a reduced PPI response to startle reflex compared with those with atypical antipsychotic treatment and those with longer duration of illness would also have reduced PPI response to startle reflex in comparison to those with shorted duration of illness.
The investigators aim to enroll patients already diagnosed with schizophrenia that would be sent by their psychiatrist to the trial. In addition the investigators would enroll control group, not diagnosed with any psychiatric condition.
For both groups, the investigators would run PPI trials according to a unified protocol.
In addition the investigators would run several questionnaires for the group of the patients. Among the details asked of the patient are the duration of the illness and the type of antipsychotic medications they are on and the dosage. Data will then be analyzed.
Study Design
Arms and Interventions
| Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
|---|---|
| Active Comparator: Schizophrenia patients Patients diagnosed with Schizophrenia. Will be assigned to PPI monitoring device protocol, according to unified protocol and have questionnaires to assess their status. |
Device: PPI monitoring device protocol
The investigators would use a monitoring device that would assess startle reflex reaction measured by blinking or the eye. Monitoring would be done with electrodes of EMG device that would be located on orbicularis oculi muscle and will monitor response.
Other: Questionnaires
Group of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia would be interviewed using well validated questionnaires.
Questionnaires what would be used are:
GAF- Global assessment of functioning
PANSS- Positive and negative syndrome scale
SANS- Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms
The Calgary Depression Scale for schizophrenia
Demographic Questionnaire
Hamilton Anxiety scale
|
| Other: Healthy subject This group would be assigned to PPI monitoring device protocol, according to a unified protocol similar to group of patients but not to questionnaires. |
Device: PPI monitoring device protocol
The investigators would use a monitoring device that would assess startle reflex reaction measured by blinking or the eye. Monitoring would be done with electrodes of EMG device that would be located on orbicularis oculi muscle and will monitor response.
|
Outcome Measures
Primary Outcome Measures
- Startle reflex response (anxiety) [2 hours from arriving to hospital]
Assessed by millivolts registered by electromyography (EMG) electrodes
Secondary Outcome Measures
- Prepulse inhibition response (sensorimotor gating) [2 hours from arriving to the hospital during the time of monitoring]
Assessed by millivolts registered by EMG electrodes
- Duration of illness [4 hours from arriving to the hospital, during questionnaires parts]
Illness duration of longer than 5 years will be considered "long illness duration" while shorter duration than 5 years will be considered "short illness duration" those will then be compared with results of startle and PPI results
- Type or class of antipsychotic agents [4 hours from arriving to the hospital during questionnaires parts]
According to response in demographic questionnaire, a further subdivision of either "Typical" or "Atypical" antipsychotic agent to then be compared with results of startle and PPI results
Eligibility Criteria
Criteria
Patients diagnosed with schizophrenia
Inclusion Criteria:
-
Patients diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) or International Classification of Diseases (ICD).
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Patients on antipsychotic medications either typical or atypical
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Patients older than 18 years old and younger than 90 years old
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In psychiatric follow-up
Exclusion criteria:
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Patients with earing problems
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Patients who went through Invasive brain procedure
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Patients diagnosed with mental retardation
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Patients with psychoactive substances abuse
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Pregnant women
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Patients receiving or received electroconvulsive therapy
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Patients who have had any medication's regimen changes in either type or dosage in the last month before trial
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Patients on hormonal therapy
Healthy subjects:
Inclusion criteria:
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Subjects with no known psychiatric condition
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Subjects older than 18 years old and younger than 90 years old
Exclusion Criteria:
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Subjects with earing problems
-
Subjects who went through Invasive brain procedure
-
Subjects diagnosed with mental retardation
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Subjects with psychoactive substances abuse
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Pregnant women
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Subjects on hormonal therapy
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Subjects with unstable physical status
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Subjects on psychoactive drug
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Subjects who have spent time abroad where there is at least 2 hours zone time difference from Israel
Contacts and Locations
Locations
| Site | City | State | Country | Postal Code | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Haemek Medical Center | 'Afula | Israel | 18101 |
Sponsors and Collaborators
- HaEmek Medical Center, Israel
Investigators
- Principal Investigator: elad kurante, MD, haemek MC
Study Documents (Full-Text)
None provided.More Information
Publications
- Aggernaes B, Glenthoj BY, Ebdrup BH, Rasmussen H, Lublin H, Oranje B. Sensorimotor gating and habituation in antipsychotic-naive, first-episode schizophrenia patients before and after 6 months' treatment with quetiapine. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2010 Nov;13(10):1383-95. doi: 10.1017/S1461145710000787. Epub 2010 Jul 16.
- Braff DL, Geyer MA, Swerdlow NR. Human studies of prepulse inhibition of startle: normal subjects, patient groups, and pharmacological studies. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2001 Jul;156(2-3):234-58. Review.
- Csomor PA, Preller KH, Geyer MA, Studerus E, Huber T, Vollenweider FX. Influence of aripiprazole, risperidone, and amisulpride on sensory and sensorimotor gating in healthy 'low and high gating' humans and relation to psychometry. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2014 Sep;39(10):2485-96. doi: 10.1038/npp.2014.102. Epub 2014 May 7.
- Geyer MA, Krebs-Thomson K, Braff DL, Swerdlow NR. Pharmacological studies of prepulse inhibition models of sensorimotor gating deficits in schizophrenia: a decade in review. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2001 Jul;156(2-3):117-54. Review.
- Kishi T, Moriwaki M, Kitajima T, Kawashima K, Okochi T, Fukuo Y, Furukawa O, Naitoh H, Fujita K, Iwata N. Effect of aripiprazole, risperidone, and olanzapine on the acoustic startle response in Japanese chronic schizophrenia. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2010 Apr;209(2):185-90. doi: 10.1007/s00213-010-1787-x. Epub 2010 Feb 23.
- Kohl S, Heekeren K, Klosterkötter J, Kuhn J. Prepulse inhibition in psychiatric disorders--apart from schizophrenia. J Psychiatr Res. 2013 Apr;47(4):445-52. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.11.018. Epub 2013 Jan 1. Review.
- Kumari V, Sharma T. Effects of typical and atypical antipsychotics on prepulse inhibition in schizophrenia: a critical evaluation of current evidence and directions for future research. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2002 Jul;162(2):97-101. Epub 2002 Jun 5. Review.
- Perry W, Minassian A, Feifel D. Prepulse inhibition in patients with non-psychotic major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord. 2004 Aug;81(2):179-84.
- Swerdlow NR, Light GA, Cadenhead KS, Sprock J, Hsieh MH, Braff DL. Startle gating deficits in a large cohort of patients with schizophrenia: relationship to medications, symptoms, neurocognition, and level of function. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2006 Dec;63(12):1325-35. Erratum in: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2007 Mar;64(3):360.
- 0050-15-EMC