DUSK: Combined Thrombectomy for Distal MediUm Vessel Occlusion StroKe
Study Details
Study Description
Brief Summary
A phase III, randomized, multi-center, investigational, open label clinical trial that will examine whether treatment with endovascular thrombectomy is superior to standard medical therapy alone in patients who suffer a Distal Medium Vessel Occlusion Ischemic Stroke within 12 hours from time last seen well
| Condition or Disease | Intervention/Treatment | Phase |
|---|---|---|
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N/A |
Detailed Description
DUSK is a Phase-3, prospective, multicenter, investigational, randomized, controlled, open-label study with blinded endpoint evaluation (PROBE design) and an adaptive design with population enrichment. The randomization employs a 1:1 ratio of endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) versus standard medical management (SMM) in patients who suffer a distal medium vessel occlusion (DMVO) stroke within 12 hours from time last seen well (TLSW) and have evidence of salvageable brain tissue on perfusion imaging. Randomization will be done under a minimization process using age (≤67 vs. >67 years), baseline NIHSS (≤12 vs. >12), use of IV thrombolysis (none vs. within 120 minutes from randomization vs. > 120 minutes from randomization), site of occlusion (M2 vs. M3 vs. ACA vs. PCA), baseline infarct volume (≤15mL vs. >15-30mL vs. >30-50mL), perfusion mismatch volume (≤15mL vs. >15-30mL vs. >30-50mL), therapeutic window (0-4.5 vs. 4.5-8 or >9-12 hours after TLKW), and participating site. The candidate enriched populations that the trial considers are based on use of intravenous thrombolysis (none vs. within 120 minutes from randomization vs. > 120 minutes from randomization), TLKW to randomization (0-6 vs. 6-12 hours) and mismatch volumes as measured using absolute mismatch (defined as Tmax>6 sec - DWI lesion on MRI or Tmax>6 sec -rCBF<30% lesion on CTP) (>40 cc vs. >30cc vs. >20cc vs. >10cc). The primary endpoint will be a categorical shift across all levels on the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 90-days post-randomization. The hypothesis is that EVT will lead to an improved clinical outcome at 90 days. Interim analysis will be performed after the primary endpoint is available for a total of 386 randomized patients.
Study Design
Arms and Interventions
| Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
|---|---|
| Active Comparator: Standard of Care Treatment Standard medical management in patients who suffer a distal medium vessel occlusion |
Other: Standard medical management
All subjects should receive the best standard medical therapy based on current AHA guidelines. Subjects randomized to standard medical management (SMM) will receive standard medical therapy only based on the guidelines. All subjects are expected to be admitted to hospital as part of routine best guideline-based care and treated on a stroke unit or neurointensive care unit or equivalent.
Other Names:
|
| Experimental: Endovascular Thrombectomy Endovascular thrombectomy in patients who suffer a distal medium vessel occlusion. |
Device: Experimental: endovascular thrombectomy in patients who suffer a distal medium vessel occlusion
The AXS Catalyst Distal Access Catheter is indicated for use in facilitating the insertion and guidance of appropriately sized interventional devices into a selected blood vessel in the peripheral and neurovascular systems, and is also indicated for use as a conduit for retrieval devices.
The AXS Vecta Intermediate Catheter, as part of the AXS Vecta Aspiration System, is indicated in the revascularization of patients with acute ischemic stroke. Patients who are ineligible for intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV t-PA) or who failed IV t-PA therapy are candidates for treatment.
The Trevo® Retriever is indicated for use to restore blood flow in the neurovasculature by removing thrombus for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke to reduce disability in patients with a persistent, proximal anterior circulation, large vessel occlusion, and smaller core infarcts who have first received intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV t-PA).
Other Names:
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Outcome Measures
Primary Outcome Measures
- Shift in distribution of all levels of the 90-day modified Rankin Scale with levels 5-6 combined (mRS; 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5-6) as assessed by structured assessment [90-day follow-up]
Modified Rankin Scale measurement (mRS): 0=no symptoms, 1= no significant disablity despite symptoms, able to carry out all usual duties. 2= slight disability, unable to carry out all previous activities, but able to look after own affairs without assistance. 3=moderate disability, requiring some help, able to walk without assistance. 4=moderatly severe disability, unable to walk and attend to bodily needs without assistance. 5=severe disability, bedridden, incontinent and requiring total nursing care. 6=dead
Secondary Outcome Measures
- Shift in distribution of the 90-day mRS (0;1;2;3;4;5;6) as assessed by structured assessment [90-day follow-up]
Modified Rankin Scale measurement (mRS)0=no symptoms, 1= no significant disablity despite symptoms, able to carry out all usual duties. 2= slight disability, unable to carry out all previous activities, but able to look after own affairs without assistance. 3=moderate disability, requiring some help, able to walk without assistance. 4=moderatly severe disability, unable to walk and attend to bodily needs without assistance. 5=severe disability, bedridden, incontinent and requiring total nursing care. 6=dead
- Rates of Independent Outcome defined as mRS ≤2 and/ or equal to Baseline mRS at 90 days [90-day follow-up]
Independant outcome: 0=no symptoms, 1= no significant disablity despite symptoms, able to carry out all usual duties. 2= slight disability, unable to carry out all previous activities, but able to look after own affairs without assistance. 3=moderate disability, requiring some help, able to walk without assistance. 4=moderatly severe disability, unable to walk and attend to bodily needs without assistance. 5=severe disability, bedridden, incontinent and requiring total nursing care. 6=dead
- Rates of Excellent Outcome defined as mRS ≤1 and/ or equal to Baseline mRS at 90 days [90-day follow-up]
Excellent outcome: 0=no symptoms, 1= no significant disablity despite symptoms, able to carry out all usual duties. 2= slight disability, unable to carry out all previous activities, but able to look after own affairs without assistance. 3=moderate disability, requiring some help, able to walk without assistance. 4=moderatly severe disability, unable to walk and attend to bodily needs without assistance. 5=severe disability, bedridden, incontinent and requiring total nursing care. 6=dead.
- Rates of Good Functional Outcomes adjusted for the baseline mRS and stroke severity (NIHSS) according to the modified Rankin Scale scores at 90 days as following: [90-day follow-up]
NIHSS and mRS scores MRS: 0=no symptoms, 1= no significant disablity despite symptoms, able to carry out all usual duties. 2= slight disability, unable to carry out all previous activities, but able to look after own affairs without assistance. 3=moderate disability, requiring some help, able to walk without assistance. 4=moderatly severe disability, unable to walk and attend to bodily needs without assistance. 5=severe disability, bedridden, incontinent and requiring total nursing care. 6=dead NIHSS: 0=no stroke symptoms, 1-4=minor stroke, 5-15 moderate stroke, 16-20 moderate to sever stroke, 21-42- severe stroke. If NIHSS <10 and Baseline mRS 0 or 1: 90-day mRS ≤1 If NIHSS <10 and Baseline mRS 2: 90-day mRS ≤2 If NIHSS ≥10 and Baseline mRS 0 or 1: 90-day mRS ≤2 If NIHSS ≥10 and Baseline mRS 2: 90-day mRS ≤3
- EVT arm only: Final reperfusion grades according to the extended Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (eTICI) scale and the rates of First Pass Effect (eTICI ≥2c) and Modified First Pass Effect (eTICI ≥2b50) [90-day follow-up]
Reprofusion grades :TICI scores:grade 0: no perfusion noted (0% reperfusion) grade 1: reduction in thrombus but without any resultant filling of distal arterial branches grade 2 grade 2a: reperfusion of 1-49% of the territory grade 2b50: reperfusion of 50-66% of the territory grade 2b67: reperfusion of 67-89% of the territory grade 2c: extensive reperfusion of 90-99% of the territory grade 3: complete or full reperfusion (100% reperfusion).
- EVT arm only: Final reperfusion grades according to the rates of First Pass Effect (eTICI ≥2c) [90-Day follow up]
Reprofusion grades :TICI scores:grade 0: no perfusion noted (0% reperfusion) grade 1: reduction in thrombus but without any resultant filling of distal arterial branches grade 2 grade 2a: reperfusion of 1-49% of the territory grade 2b50: reperfusion of 50-66% of the territory grade 2b67: reperfusion of 67-89% of the territory grade 2c: extensive reperfusion of 90-99% of the territory grade 3: complete or full reperfusion (100% reperfusion).
- EVT arm only: Final reperfusion grades according to the Modified First Pass Effect (eTICI ≥2b50) [90 day follow up]
Reprofusion grades :TICI scores:grade 0: no perfusion noted (0% reperfusion) grade 1: reduction in thrombus but without any resultant filling of distal arterial branches grade 2 grade 2a: reperfusion of 1-49% of the territory grade 2b50: reperfusion of 50-66% of the territory grade 2b67: reperfusion of 67-89% of the territory grade 2c: extensive reperfusion of 90-99% of the territory grade 3: complete or full reperfusion (100% reperfusion).
- Mean score for disability on the utility-weighted modified Rankin scale (UW-mRS) at 90 days [90-day follow-up]
utility weighted mRS 0=no symptoms, 1= no significant disablity despite symptoms, able to carry out all usual duties. 2= slight disability, unable to carry out all previous activities, but able to look after own affairs without assistance. 3=moderate disability, requiring some help, able to walk without assistance. 4=moderatly severe disability, unable to walk and attend to bodily needs without assistance. 5=severe disability, bedridden, incontinent and requiring total nursing care. 6=dead
- Final infarct volume (FIV) (FIV - baseline infarct on CTP or DWI) evaluated on CT or MRI at 24 hours (-2/+12 hours) [24 hours (-2hours /+12 hours)]
Infarct volume at 24 hours will be measured on CT or MRI.
- Final infarct growth (FIV - baseline infarct on CTP or DWI) [24 hours (-2 hours/+12 hours)]
Infarct volume at 24 hours will be measured on CT or MRI, growth of infarct from baseline to 24 hours will be captured.
- Final infarct volume (FIV) and infarct growth (FIV - baseline infarct on CTP or DWI) evaluated on CT or MRI at 3-5 days (if available) [3-5 days]
Infarct volume at 3-5 days will be measured on CT or MRI.
- Final infarct growth (FIV - baseline infarct on CTP or DWI) evaluated on CT or MRI at 3-5 days (if available) [3 to 5 days]
Infarct volume at 3-5 days will be measured on CT or MRI, growth of infarct will be compared to baseline.
- Clinical improvement at 24 hours calculated as the difference between 24-hour and baseline NIHSS score [24 hours]
NIHSS score at 24hours :NIHSS: 0=no stroke symptoms, 1-4=minor stroke, 5-15 moderate stroke, 16-20 moderate to sever stroke, 21-42- severe stroke.
- Cost effectiveness analysis of endovascular thrombectomy vs standard medical therapy [90-day follow-up]
Assessment of costs from the time of randomization to the 90 day follow up. This includes Costs of hospitalization, institutional living and outpatient care will be assessed and compared for each arm.
- Brain tissue reperfusion evaluated by CT or MRI perfusion at 24 hours in both treatment groups (if available) [24 hours]
CT or MRI results at 24 hours
- Vessel patency evaluated by CTA or MRA perfusion at 24 hours in both treatment groups (if available) [24 hours]
CTA or MRA perfusion results at 24 hours
- Patient reported outcomes (EQ-5D) [90-day follow-up]
Questionnaires assessed by blinded assessor at 90 days. EQ-5D measures mobility, self care, usual activities, pain and anxiety, overall heath is measured on a scale of 0 (worst health state) to 100 best health state.
- Patient reported outcomes (PROMIS Global-10) [90 day follow up]
Questionnaires assessed by blinded assessor at 90 days. Promise Global Health measures current health status on a scale of 1=poor, 2=fair, 3=good, 4=very good, 5=excellent. The scale is from 1-5 with 1 being the poorest health outcome and 5 the best.
- Patient reported outcomes (PROMIS Fatigue) [90 day follow up]
Questionnaires assessed by blinded assessor at 90 days. Promise Fatigue will measure degree of fatigue on a scale of 1=not at all, 2=a little bit, 3=somewhat, 4= quite a bit, 5=very much. The scale is from 1-5 with 1 being the least fatigued and 5 the greatest feeling of fatigue.
- Patient reported outcomes ( IADL) [90 day follow up]
Questionnaires assessed by blinded assessor at 90 days. IADL measures the ability to use a telephone, shop prepare food, do housekeeping, laundry, mode of transportation, medications and handle finances. The subject will answer the questions and answer as for how they are able to accomplish their ADLs.
- Patient reported outcomes ( MoCa) [90 day follow up]
Questionnaires assessed by blinded assessor at 90 days. MoCa measures the patient's ability to draw(visuospatial), name items, memory, attention, language, and abstraction. There are several questions that the subject will answer for each category.
- All cause mortality [90 day follow up]
All-cause mortality within 90 days
- Mortality due to stroke [90 day follow up]
Mortality within 90 days due to index stroke
- Intracranial hemorrhage [90 day follow up]
Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (SICH) defined as per the modified SITS-MOST definition:local or remote parenchymal hemorrhage type 2, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and/or intraventricular hemorrhage on the post-treatment imaging scan, combined with a neurological deterioration of 4 points or more on the NIHSS from baseline, or from the lowest NIHSS value between baseline and 24 h (-2/+12), or leading to death that the CEC/DSMB judges is causative of the deterioration. (https://www.sitsinternational.org/research/studies/sits-most-ii/)
- Intracranial hemorrhage [24 hours (-2 hours /+12 hours)]
The incidence of any intracranial hemorrhage measured at 24 (-2/+12) hours as graded by the central core-lab using the Heidelberg classification criteria.
- Procedure-related vessel perforation. [24 hours (-2 hours /+12 hours)]
Perforation of the artery related to the procedure.
- Procedure-related vessel dissection [24 hours (-2 hours/+12 hours)]
Dissection of an artery related to the procedure.
- Embolization to a new territory during mechanical thrombectomy (MT) procedure [24 hours (-2 hours/+12hours)]
New emboli to a different area of the brain during the MR procedure.
- Significant extracranial hemorrhage (e.g., access site, retroperitoneal hematoma) requiring blood transfusion and/or surgical intervention. [24 hours (-2 hours/+12 hours)]
Hemorrhage in other areas besides the brain such as the arterial access site or retroperitoneum.
Eligibility Criteria
Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
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Age ≥18 years (no upper age limit)
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Acute ischemic stroke where patient is ineligible for or has failed* IV thrombolytic treatment and is ineligible for endovascular treatment under best guideline-based care due to absence of proximal arterial occlusion (e.g. intracranial ICA, MCA-M1 and co-dominant or dominant M2** segments, and vertebrobasilar arteries).***
- IV thrombolytic treatment failure is defined by persistent disabling neurological deficits beyond 60 minutes of completion of thrombolytic infusion in the presence of imaging findings consistent with DMVO.
**Dominant M2 segment is defined is a division supplying >50% of the MCA territory vs co-dominant supplying 50% of the MCA territory vs non-dominant supplying <50% of the MCA territory.
***No procedures or tests required by the protocol will delay fastest possible delivery of thrombolytic therapy to potentially eligible subjects.
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Evidence of a primary (e.g. not secondary to EVT of proximal vessel occlusion) distal medium vascular occlusion defined as occlusion of the non-dominant M2 segment or M3 segment of the MCA, the ACA (A1, A2, or A3 segments), or the PCA (P1, P2 or P3 segments) resulting in significant clinical deficits and expected to be treatable by endovascular thrombectomy. Non dominant M2 segment vessel diameter should not exceed 2.5mm.
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No significant pre-stroke functional disability (mRS ≤2)
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Evidence of a disabling stroke defined as follows:
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Baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score >5 at the time of randomization.
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NIHSS 3-5 with disabling deficit including significant aphasia, neglect, hemianopsia, or hemiparesis/ loss of hand or leg function as established by the treating team in context of the patient's life.
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The presence of a Target Mismatch defined as:
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Ischemic Core < 50cc (defined on NCCT/CTP* or DWI-MRI)
*Visual or automatedly detected hypodensity on NCCT should be used to exclude or include patients if the investigator believes that their assessment is more reliable than the CTP volume in any particular case.
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Mismatch Volume (TMax >6sec lesion - Core volume lesion) >10cc
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Mismatch Ratio >1.4
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Patient treatable within 12 hours of symptom onset. Symptoms onset is defined as the point in time the patient was last seen well (at baseline). Treatment start is defined as the time of arterial puncture.
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Informed consent obtained from patient or acceptable patient surrogate
Exclusion Criteria:
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Any sign of intracranial hemorrhage on baseline CT/MR (SDH/SAH/ICH).
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Rapidly improving symptoms, particularly if in the judgment of the managing clinician that the improvement is likely to result in the patient having no residual disabling deficits and an NIHSS score of <5 at randomization.
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Significant ischemic changes in a territory other than the occluded site that in the opinion of the investigator could reduce the benefit of endovascular treatment.
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Contra indication to imaging with MR or CT with contrast agents.
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Infarct core >1/3 occluded territory (MCA, ACA, or PCA) qualitatively or >50 mL quantitatively (determined by NCCT, CTP or DWI).
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Any terminal illness such that patient would not be expected to survive more than 1 year.
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Recent past history or clinical presentation of ICH, subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), arterio-venous (AV) malformation, aneurysm, or cerebral neoplasm other than meningioma.
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Any imaging findings suggestive of futile recanalization in the judgment of the local investigator.
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Premorbid disability (mRS ≥3).
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Inability to initiate endovascular treatment within 12 hours of last known well.
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Seizures at stroke onset if it precludes obtaining an accurate baseline NIHSS.
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Baseline blood glucose of <50 mg/dL (2.78 mmol) or >400 mg/dL (22.20 mmol).
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Known history of hereditary or acquired hemorrhagic diathesis and/or platelet count <100,000/uL.
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Known renal failure as defined as serum creatinine levels > 3.0 mg/dL.
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Presumed septic embolus or suspicion of bacterial endocarditis.
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Any other condition that, in the opinion of the investigator, precludes an endovascular procedure or poses a significant hazard to the subject if an endovascular procedure was performed.
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History of drug or alcohol use or dependence that, in the opinion of the site investigator, would interfere with adherence to study requirements.
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Subjects with occlusions in multiple vascular territories (e.g., bilateral or multi-territorial anterior circulation, or anterior/posterior circulation)
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Subject participating in a study involving an investigational drug or device that would impact this study
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Known pregnancy
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Prisoner or incarceration
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Known acute symptomatic COVID-19 infection
Contacts and Locations
Locations
| Site | City | State | Country | Postal Code | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | University of Pittsburgh | Pittsburgh | Pennsylvania | United States | 15213 |
Sponsors and Collaborators
- Raul Nogueira
- Stryker Neurovascular
- Brainstorme Imaging Core Lab Inc
- Berry Consultants
Investigators
- Principal Investigator: Raul G Nogueira, MD, University of Pittsburgh
Study Documents (Full-Text)
None provided.More Information
Publications
- Campbell BCV, Ma H, Ringleb PA, Parsons MW, Churilov L, Bendszus M, Levi CR, Hsu C, Kleinig TJ, Fatar M, Leys D, Molina C, Wijeratne T, Curtze S, Dewey HM, Barber PA, Butcher KS, De Silva DA, Bladin CF, Yassi N, Pfaff JAR, Sharma G, Bivard A, Desmond PM, Schwab S, Schellinger PD, Yan B, Mitchell PJ, Serena J, Toni D, Thijs V, Hacke W, Davis SM, Donnan GA; EXTEND, ECASS-4, and EPITHET Investigators. Extending thrombolysis to 4.5-9 h and wake-up stroke using perfusion imaging: a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data. Lancet. 2019 Jul 13;394(10193):139-147. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31053-0. Epub 2019 May 22. Erratum In: Lancet. 2020 Jun 20;395(10241):1906.
- Goyal M, Menon BK, van Zwam WH, Dippel DW, Mitchell PJ, Demchuk AM, Davalos A, Majoie CB, van der Lugt A, de Miquel MA, Donnan GA, Roos YB, Bonafe A, Jahan R, Diener HC, van den Berg LA, Levy EI, Berkhemer OA, Pereira VM, Rempel J, Millan M, Davis SM, Roy D, Thornton J, Roman LS, Ribo M, Beumer D, Stouch B, Brown S, Campbell BC, van Oostenbrugge RJ, Saver JL, Hill MD, Jovin TG; HERMES collaborators. Endovascular thrombectomy after large-vessel ischaemic stroke: a meta-analysis of individual patient data from five randomised trials. Lancet. 2016 Apr 23;387(10029):1723-31. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00163-X. Epub 2016 Feb 18.
- Goyal M, Ospel JM, Menon BK, Hill MD. MeVO: the next frontier? J Neurointerv Surg. 2020 Jun;12(6):545-547. doi: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2020-015807. Epub 2020 Feb 14. No abstract available.
- Grossberg JA, Rebello LC, Haussen DC, Bouslama M, Bowen M, Barreira CM, Belagaje SR, Frankel MR, Nogueira RG. Beyond Large Vessel Occlusion Strokes: Distal Occlusion Thrombectomy. Stroke. 2018 Jul;49(7):1662-1668. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.118.020567. Epub 2018 Jun 18. Erratum In: Stroke. 2018 Sep;49(9):e298.
- Haussen DC, Al-Bayati AR, Eby B, Ravindran K, Rodrigues GM, Frankel MR, Nogueira RG. Blind exchange with mini-pinning technique for distal occlusion thrombectomy. J Neurointerv Surg. 2020 Apr;12(4):392-395. doi: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2019-015205. Epub 2019 Aug 31.
- Haussen DC, Lima A, Nogueira RG. The Trevo XP 3x20 mm retriever ('Baby Trevo') for the treatment of distal intracranial occlusions. J Neurointerv Surg. 2016 Mar;8(3):295-9. doi: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2014-011613. Epub 2015 May 6.
- Lima FO, Furie KL, Silva GS, Lev MH, Camargo EC, Singhal AB, Harris GJ, Halpern EF, Koroshetz WJ, Smith WS, Nogueira RG. Prognosis of untreated strokes due to anterior circulation proximal intracranial arterial occlusions detected by use of computed tomography angiography. JAMA Neurol. 2014 Feb;71(2):151-7. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2013.5007.
- Ma H, Campbell BCV, Parsons MW, Churilov L, Levi CR, Hsu C, Kleinig TJ, Wijeratne T, Curtze S, Dewey HM, Miteff F, Tsai CH, Lee JT, Phan TG, Mahant N, Sun MC, Krause M, Sturm J, Grimley R, Chen CH, Hu CJ, Wong AA, Field D, Sun Y, Barber PA, Sabet A, Jannes J, Jeng JS, Clissold B, Markus R, Lin CH, Lien LM, Bladin CF, Christensen S, Yassi N, Sharma G, Bivard A, Desmond PM, Yan B, Mitchell PJ, Thijs V, Carey L, Meretoja A, Davis SM, Donnan GA; EXTEND Investigators. Thrombolysis Guided by Perfusion Imaging up to 9 Hours after Onset of Stroke. N Engl J Med. 2019 May 9;380(19):1795-1803. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1813046. Erratum In: N Engl J Med. 2021 Apr 1;384(13):1278.
- Menon BK, Al-Ajlan FS, Najm M, Puig J, Castellanos M, Dowlatshahi D, Calleja A, Sohn SI, Ahn SH, Poppe A, Mikulik R, Asdaghi N, Field TS, Jin A, Asil T, Boulanger JM, Smith EE, Coutts SB, Barber PA, Bal S, Subramanian S, Mishra S, Trivedi A, Dey S, Eesa M, Sajobi T, Goyal M, Hill MD, Demchuk AM; INTERRSeCT Study Investigators. Association of Clinical, Imaging, and Thrombus Characteristics With Recanalization of Visible Intracranial Occlusion in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke. JAMA. 2018 Sep 11;320(10):1017-1026. doi: 10.1001/jama.2018.12498.
- Menon BK, Hill MD, Davalos A, Roos YBWEM, Campbell BCV, Dippel DWJ, Guillemin F, Saver JL, van der Lugt A, Demchuk AM, Muir K, Brown S, Jovin T, Mitchell P, White P, Bracard S, Goyal M. Efficacy of endovascular thrombectomy in patients with M2 segment middle cerebral artery occlusions: meta-analysis of data from the HERMES Collaboration. J Neurointerv Surg. 2019 Nov;11(11):1065-1069. doi: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2018-014678. Epub 2019 Apr 11.
- Nogueira RG, Mohammaden MH, Haussen DC, Budzik RF, Gupta R, Krajina A, English JD, Malek AR, Sarraj A, Narata AP, Taqi MA, Frankel MR, Miller TR, Grobelny T, Baxter BW, Bartolini BM, Jenkins P, Estrade L, Liebeskind D, Veznedaroglu E; Trevo Registry Investigators. Endovascular therapy in the distal neurovascular territory: results of a large prospective registry. J Neurointerv Surg. 2021 Nov;13(11):979-984. doi: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2020-016851. Epub 2020 Dec 15.
- Ospel JM, Goyal M. A review of endovascular treatment for medium vessel occlusion stroke. J Neurointerv Surg. 2021 Jul;13(7):623-630. doi: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2021-017321. Epub 2021 Feb 26.
- Ospel JM, Menon BK, Demchuk AM, Almekhlafi MA, Kashani N, Mayank A, Fainardi E, Rubiera M, Khaw A, Shankar JJ, Dowlatshahi D, Puig J, Sohn SI, Ahn SH, Poppe A, Calleja A, Hill MD, Goyal M. Clinical Course of Acute Ischemic Stroke Due to Medium Vessel Occlusion With and Without Intravenous Alteplase Treatment. Stroke. 2020 Nov;51(11):3232-3240. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.120.030227. Epub 2020 Oct 19.
- Perez-Garcia C, Moreu M, Rosati S, Simal P, Egido JA, Gomez-Escalonilla C, Arrazola J. Mechanical Thrombectomy in Medium Vessel Occlusions: Blind Exchange With Mini-Pinning Technique Versus Mini Stent Retriever Alone. Stroke. 2020 Nov;51(11):3224-3231. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.120.030815. Epub 2020 Oct 19.
- Powers WJ, Rabinstein AA, Ackerson T, Adeoye OM, Bambakidis NC, Becker K, Biller J, Brown M, Demaerschalk BM, Hoh B, Jauch EC, Kidwell CS, Leslie-Mazwi TM, Ovbiagele B, Scott PA, Sheth KN, Southerland AM, Summers DV, Tirschwell DL. Guidelines for the Early Management of Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke: 2019 Update to the 2018 Guidelines for the Early Management of Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Guideline for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2019 Dec;50(12):e344-e418. doi: 10.1161/STR.0000000000000211. Epub 2019 Oct 30. Erratum In: Stroke. 2019 Dec;50(12):e440-e441.
- Saver JL, Chapot R, Agid R, Hassan A, Jadhav AP, Liebeskind DS, Lobotesis K, Meila D, Meyer L, Raphaeli G, Gupta R; Distal Thrombectomy Summit Group*dagger. Thrombectomy for Distal, Medium Vessel Occlusions: A Consensus Statement on Present Knowledge and Promising Directions. Stroke. 2020 Sep;51(9):2872-2884. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.120.028956. Epub 2020 Aug 6. No abstract available. Erratum In: Stroke. 2020 Oct;51(10):e296.
- Seners P, Turc G, Maier B, Mas JL, Oppenheim C, Baron JC. Incidence and Predictors of Early Recanalization After Intravenous Thrombolysis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Stroke. 2016 Sep;47(9):2409-12. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.116.014181. Epub 2016 Jul 26.
- Thomalla G, Boutitie F, Ma H, Koga M, Ringleb P, Schwamm LH, Wu O, Bendszus M, Bladin CF, Campbell BCV, Cheng B, Churilov L, Ebinger M, Endres M, Fiebach JB, Fukuda-Doi M, Inoue M, Kleinig TJ, Latour LL, Lemmens R, Levi CR, Leys D, Miwa K, Molina CA, Muir KW, Nighoghossian N, Parsons MW, Pedraza S, Schellinger PD, Schwab S, Simonsen CZ, Song SS, Thijs V, Toni D, Hsu CY, Wahlgren N, Yamamoto H, Yassi N, Yoshimura S, Warach S, Hacke W, Toyoda K, Donnan GA, Davis SM, Gerloff C; Evaluation of unknown Onset Stroke thrombolysis trials (EOS) investigators. Intravenous alteplase for stroke with unknown time of onset guided by advanced imaging: systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data. Lancet. 2020 Nov 14;396(10262):1574-1584. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32163-2. Epub 2020 Nov 8.
- Thomalla G, Simonsen CZ, Boutitie F, Andersen G, Berthezene Y, Cheng B, Cheripelli B, Cho TH, Fazekas F, Fiehler J, Ford I, Galinovic I, Gellissen S, Golsari A, Gregori J, Gunther M, Guibernau J, Hausler KG, Hennerici M, Kemmling A, Marstrand J, Modrau B, Neeb L, Perez de la Ossa N, Puig J, Ringleb P, Roy P, Scheel E, Schonewille W, Serena J, Sunaert S, Villringer K, Wouters A, Thijs V, Ebinger M, Endres M, Fiebach JB, Lemmens R, Muir KW, Nighoghossian N, Pedraza S, Gerloff C; WAKE-UP Investigators. MRI-Guided Thrombolysis for Stroke with Unknown Time of Onset. N Engl J Med. 2018 Aug 16;379(7):611-622. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1804355. Epub 2018 May 16.
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