Knee Arthroplasty Pain Coping Skills Training (KASTPain): A Randomized Trial

Sponsor
Virginia Commonwealth University (Other)
Overall Status
Completed
CT.gov ID
NCT01620983
Collaborator
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS) (NIH)
402
5
3
66.9
80.4
1.2

Study Details

Study Description

Brief Summary

Patients undergoing knee replacement surgery and who have high levels of pain catastrophizing are at risk for poor outcome. The clinical trial is designed to determine if a pain coping skills training intervention delivered by physical therapists and supervised by psychologists is more effective at reducing pain and improving function and is more cost effective than arthritis education or usual care.

Condition or Disease Intervention/Treatment Phase
  • Behavioral: Pain Coping Skills Training
  • Behavioral: Arthritis Education
  • Other: Usual Care
N/A

Detailed Description

Approximately 25% of patients following knee arthroplasty have disabling pain following apparently successful surgery. Recent research suggests that pain catastrophizing plays a key role in determining which patients with knee arthroplasty have a poor outcome. In addition to this evidence, a substantial literature suggests that pain coping skills training is effective for patients with chronic pain but the intervention has not been studied for surgical patients with severe arthritic knee pain. We designed the Knee Arthroplasty pain coping Skills Training (KASTPain) trial to address this research need. This Phase III three-arm randomized clinical trial seeks to combine a strong and diverse group of researchers to examine an important and understudied area in the joint arthroplasty literature. The KASTPain trial will be the first to examine the utility of a perioperative pain coping intervention for this substantial population of patients.

Study Design

Study Type:
Interventional
Actual Enrollment :
402 participants
Allocation:
Randomized
Intervention Model:
Parallel Assignment
Masking:
Double (Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Primary Purpose:
Treatment
Official Title:
Knee Arthroplasty Pain Coping Skills Training (KASTPain): A Randomized Trial
Study Start Date :
Dec 1, 2012
Actual Primary Completion Date :
Jun 27, 2017
Actual Study Completion Date :
Jun 30, 2018

Arms and Interventions

Arm Intervention/Treatment
Experimental: Pain Coping Skills Training

The pain coping skills training will be delivered by physical therapists in eight one-hour sessions by telephone over a 2-month perioperative period. Patients will be taught a variety of skills designed to improve maladaptive pain related thoughts and actions to enhance recovery following arthroplasty.

Behavioral: Pain Coping Skills Training

Active Comparator: Arthritis Education

The eight one-hour perioperative arthritis education sessions will be delivered by nurse educators via telephone and will use a presentation and discussion format. Figures and discussion sessions will present information on the nature of arthritis, what to expect following knee arthroplasty, treatment of osteoarthritis, the role of exercise, joint protection and making future treatment decisions.

Behavioral: Arthritis Education

Other: Usual Care

Patients randomly assigned to this arm will undergo usual care following knee arthroplasty.

Other: Usual Care

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

  1. Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) Pain Scale [twelve months]

    A self report scale that quantifies the extent of function limiting pain. The scale ranges from 0 to 20 with higher scores denoting worse activity related pain.

Secondary Outcome Measures

  1. WOMAC Physical Function Scale [twelve months]

    A self report scale that quantifies the extent of difficulty with everyday activity. The scale ranges from 0 to 68 with higher scores denoting greater difficulty with daily function.

  2. 0 to 10 Verbal Pain Rating Scale [twelve months]

    An 11 point verbal pain rating scale with higher scores denoting higher pain intensity.

  3. Pain Catastrophizing Scale [twelve months]

    A scale that quantifies the extent to which a participant catastrophizes about their pain. Score range from 0 to 52 with higher scores denoting greater pain catastrophizing.

  4. Global Rating of Change Scale [twelve months]

    11 point scale ranging from -5 to +5 with higher scores denoting a greater recovery.

  5. Six-minute Walk Test [twelve months]

    Distance walked in six minutes.

  6. Short Physical Performance Battery [twelve months]

    The Short Physical Performance Battery measures actual physical performance of four common daily physical activities including standing balance, single standing from a chair, repeated standing from a chair, and a 4 meter walk test. Scores range from 0 to 12 with higher scores indicating better physical performance.

Eligibility Criteria

Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study:
45 Years and Older
Sexes Eligible for Study:
All
Accepts Healthy Volunteers:
No
Inclusion Criteria:
  • Adults 45 years and older and capable of providing informed consent

  • Diagnosis of osteoarthritis as determined by participating orthopaedic surgeons

  • Scheduled for an elective unilateral total or unicompartmental knee arthroplasty no sooner than 1 week and no later than 8 weeks from the time of recruitment

  • Score of greater than or = to 16 on the Pain Catastrophizing Scale

  • Score of greater than or = to 5 on the WOMAC Pain Scale

  • Able to read and speak English

Exclusion Criteria:
  • Scheduled for revision arthroplasty surgery

  • Underwent contralateral knee arthroplasty surgery or hip arthroplasty surgery within 6 months of currently planned surgery

  • Unable to or declines study participation

  • Self-reported diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosis, ankylosing spondylitis

  • Arthroplasty surgery scheduled because of fracture, malignancy or infection

  • Scheduled for bilateral arthroplasty surgery

  • Scheduled to undergo hip or knee arthroplasty within 6 months of current knee arthroplasty

  • Score of 20 or greater on the PHQ-8 depression scale

  • Score of less than 3 on the six-item cognitive screener

Contacts and Locations

Locations

Site City State Country Postal Code
1 Southern Illinois University Springfield Illinois United States 19679
2 New York University New York New York United States 10003
3 Duke University Durham North Carolina United States 27710
4 Wake Forest University Winston-Salem North Carolina United States 27157
5 Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia United States 23298

Sponsors and Collaborators

  • Virginia Commonwealth University
  • National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS)

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Daniel L. Riddle, Ph.D., PT, Virginia Commonwealth University

Study Documents (Full-Text)

More Information

Publications

Responsible Party:
Virginia Commonwealth University
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
NCT01620983
Other Study ID Numbers:
  • HM14326
  • 1UM1AR062800-01
First Posted:
Jun 15, 2012
Last Update Posted:
Oct 19, 2018
Last Verified:
Oct 1, 2018
Individual Participant Data (IPD) Sharing Statement:
Yes
Plan to Share IPD:
Yes
Keywords provided by Virginia Commonwealth University
Additional relevant MeSH terms:

Study Results

Participant Flow

Recruitment Details
Pre-assignment Detail
Arm/Group Title Pain Coping Skills Training Arthritis Education Usual Care
Arm/Group Description The pain coping skills training will be delivered by physical therapists in eight one-hour sessions by telephone over a 2-month perioperative period. Patients will be taught a variety of skills designed to improve maladaptive pain related thoughts and actions to enhance recovery following arthroplasty. Pain Coping Skills Training The eight one-hour perioperative arthritis education sessions will be delivered by nurse educators via telephone and will use a presentation and discussion format. Figures and discussion sessions will present information on the nature of arthritis, what to expect following knee arthroplasty, treatment of osteoarthritis, the role of exercise, joint protection and making future treatment decisions. Arthritis Education Patients randomly assigned to this arm will undergo usual care following knee arthroplasty. Usual Care
Period Title: Overall Study
STARTED 130 135 137
COMPLETED 111 113 122
NOT COMPLETED 19 22 15

Baseline Characteristics

Arm/Group Title Pain Coping Skills Training Arthritis Education Usual Care Total
Arm/Group Description The pain coping skills training will be delivered by physical therapists in eight one-hour sessions by telephone over a 2-month perioperative period. Patients will be taught a variety of skills designed to improve maladaptive pain related thoughts and actions to enhance recovery following arthroplasty. Pain Coping Skills Training The eight one-hour perioperative arthritis education sessions will be delivered by nurse educators via telephone and will use a presentation and discussion format. Figures and discussion sessions will present information on the nature of arthritis, what to expect following knee arthroplasty, treatment of osteoarthritis, the role of exercise, joint protection and making future treatment decisions. Arthritis Education Patients randomly assigned to this arm will undergo usual care following knee arthroplasty. Usual Care Total of all reporting groups
Overall Participants 130 135 137 402
Age (years) [Mean (Standard Deviation) ]
Mean (Standard Deviation) [years]
62.6
(7.9)
64.2
(8.5)
62.7
(7.7)
63.2
(8.0)
Sex: Female, Male (Count of Participants)
Female
94
72.3%
85
63%
88
64.2%
267
66.4%
Male
36
27.7%
50
37%
49
35.8%
135
33.6%
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) (Count of Participants)
Hispanic or Latino
3
2.3%
5
3.7%
5
3.6%
13
3.2%
Not Hispanic or Latino
127
97.7%
126
93.3%
130
94.9%
383
95.3%
Unknown or Not Reported
0
0%
4
3%
2
1.5%
6
1.5%
Race (NIH/OMB) (Count of Participants)
American Indian or Alaska Native
0
0%
0
0%
0
0%
0
0%
Asian
2
1.5%
4
3%
2
1.5%
8
2%
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
0
0%
0
0%
0
0%
0
0%
Black or African American
48
36.9%
44
32.6%
47
34.3%
139
34.6%
White
78
60%
83
61.5%
86
62.8%
247
61.4%
More than one race
2
1.5%
1
0.7%
1
0.7%
4
1%
Unknown or Not Reported
0
0%
3
2.2%
1
0.7%
4
1%
WOMAC Pain Scale (units on scale) [Mean (Standard Deviation) ]
Mean (Standard Deviation) [units on scale]
11.6
(3.1)
11.3
(3.5)
11.4
(3.4)
11.4
(3.4)
WOMAC Function Scale (units on scale) [Mean (Standard Deviation) ]
Mean (Standard Deviation) [units on scale]
38.6
(11.8)
37.1
(11.8)
36.0
(11.1)
37.2
(11.6)
Pain Catastrophizing Scale (units on scale) [Mean (Standard Deviation) ]
Mean (Standard Deviation) [units on scale]
30.4
(9.6)
30.0
(9.2)
29.7
(9.2)
30.0
(9.3)
Six minute walk test (meters) [Mean (Standard Deviation) ]
Mean (Standard Deviation) [meters]
305
(121)
279
(132)
309
(106)
297
(120)
Short Physical Performance Battery (units on scale) [Mean (Standard Deviation) ]
Mean (Standard Deviation) [units on scale]
7.6
(3.2)
7.5
(2.9)
7.9
(2.6)
7.8
(2.9)

Outcome Measures

1. Primary Outcome
Title Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) Pain Scale
Description A self report scale that quantifies the extent of function limiting pain. The scale ranges from 0 to 20 with higher scores denoting worse activity related pain.
Time Frame twelve months

Outcome Measure Data

Analysis Population Description
Data from all subjects were included in primary and secondary analyses.
Arm/Group Title Pain Coping Skills Training Arthritis Education Usual Care
Arm/Group Description The pain coping skills training will be delivered by physical therapists in eight one-hour sessions by telephone over a 2-month perioperative period. Patients will be taught a variety of skills designed to improve maladaptive pain related thoughts and actions to enhance recovery following arthroplasty. Pain Coping Skills Training The eight one-hour perioperative arthritis education sessions will be delivered by nurse educators via telephone and will use a presentation and discussion format. Figures and discussion sessions will present information on the nature of arthritis, what to expect following knee arthroplasty, treatment of osteoarthritis, the role of exercise, joint protection and making future treatment decisions. Arthritis Education Patients randomly assigned to this arm will undergo usual care following knee arthroplasty. Usual Care
Measure Participants 130 135 137
Mean (95% Confidence Interval) [units on scale]
3.3
3.0
2.9
2. Secondary Outcome
Title WOMAC Physical Function Scale
Description A self report scale that quantifies the extent of difficulty with everyday activity. The scale ranges from 0 to 68 with higher scores denoting greater difficulty with daily function.
Time Frame twelve months

Outcome Measure Data

Analysis Population Description
Data from all subjects were included in the analyses.
Arm/Group Title Pain Coping Skills Training Arthritis Education Usual Care
Arm/Group Description The pain coping skills training will be delivered by physical therapists in eight one-hour sessions by telephone over a 2-month perioperative period. Patients will be taught a variety of skills designed to improve maladaptive pain related thoughts and actions to enhance recovery following arthroplasty. Pain Coping Skills Training The eight one-hour perioperative arthritis education sessions will be delivered by nurse educators via telephone and will use a presentation and discussion format. Figures and discussion sessions will present information on the nature of arthritis, what to expect following knee arthroplasty, treatment of osteoarthritis, the role of exercise, joint protection and making future treatment decisions. Arthritis Education Patients randomly assigned to this arm will undergo usual care following knee arthroplasty. Usual Care
Measure Participants 130 135 137
Mean (95% Confidence Interval) [units on scale]
12.2
11.7
10.5
3. Secondary Outcome
Title 0 to 10 Verbal Pain Rating Scale
Description An 11 point verbal pain rating scale with higher scores denoting higher pain intensity.
Time Frame twelve months

Outcome Measure Data

Analysis Population Description
Data from all subjects were included in the analyses.
Arm/Group Title Pain Coping Skills Training Arthritis Education Usual Care
Arm/Group Description The pain coping skills training will be delivered by physical therapists in eight one-hour sessions by telephone over a 2-month perioperative period. Patients will be taught a variety of skills designed to improve maladaptive pain related thoughts and actions to enhance recovery following arthroplasty. Pain Coping Skills Training The eight one-hour perioperative arthritis education sessions will be delivered by nurse educators via telephone and will use a presentation and discussion format. Figures and discussion sessions will present information on the nature of arthritis, what to expect following knee arthroplasty, treatment of osteoarthritis, the role of exercise, joint protection and making future treatment decisions. Arthritis Education Patients randomly assigned to this arm will undergo usual care following knee arthroplasty. Usual Care
Measure Participants 130 135 137
Mean (95% Confidence Interval) [units on scale]
1.8
2.0
1.7
4. Secondary Outcome
Title Pain Catastrophizing Scale
Description A scale that quantifies the extent to which a participant catastrophizes about their pain. Score range from 0 to 52 with higher scores denoting greater pain catastrophizing.
Time Frame twelve months

Outcome Measure Data

Analysis Population Description
Data from all subjects were included in the analyses.
Arm/Group Title Pain Coping Skills Training Arthritis Education Usual Care
Arm/Group Description The pain coping skills training will be delivered by physical therapists in eight one-hour sessions by telephone over a 2-month perioperative period. Patients will be taught a variety of skills designed to improve maladaptive pain related thoughts and actions to enhance recovery following arthroplasty. Pain Coping Skills Training The eight one-hour perioperative arthritis education sessions will be delivered by nurse educators via telephone and will use a presentation and discussion format. Figures and discussion sessions will present information on the nature of arthritis, what to expect following knee arthroplasty, treatment of osteoarthritis, the role of exercise, joint protection and making future treatment decisions. Arthritis Education Patients randomly assigned to this arm will undergo usual care following knee arthroplasty. Usual Care
Measure Participants 130 135 137
Mean (95% Confidence Interval) [units on scale]
6.8
7.2
6.1
5. Secondary Outcome
Title Global Rating of Change Scale
Description 11 point scale ranging from -5 to +5 with higher scores denoting a greater recovery.
Time Frame twelve months

Outcome Measure Data

Analysis Population Description
Data from all subjects were analysed.
Arm/Group Title Pain Coping Skills Training Arthritis Education Usual Care
Arm/Group Description The pain coping skills training will be delivered by physical therapists in eight one-hour sessions by telephone over a 2-month perioperative period. Patients will be taught a variety of skills designed to improve maladaptive pain related thoughts and actions to enhance recovery following arthroplasty. Pain Coping Skills Training The eight one-hour perioperative arthritis education sessions will be delivered by nurse educators via telephone and will use a presentation and discussion format. Figures and discussion sessions will present information on the nature of arthritis, what to expect following knee arthroplasty, treatment of osteoarthritis, the role of exercise, joint protection and making future treatment decisions. Arthritis Education Patients randomly assigned to this arm will undergo usual care following knee arthroplasty. Usual Care
Measure Participants 130 135 137
Mean (95% Confidence Interval) [units on scale]
3.6
3.8
4.1
6. Secondary Outcome
Title Six-minute Walk Test
Description Distance walked in six minutes.
Time Frame twelve months

Outcome Measure Data

Analysis Population Description
Data from all subjects were analysed.
Arm/Group Title Pain Coping Skills Training Arthritis Education Usual Care
Arm/Group Description The pain coping skills training will be delivered by physical therapists in eight one-hour sessions by telephone over a 2-month perioperative period. Patients will be taught a variety of skills designed to improve maladaptive pain related thoughts and actions to enhance recovery following arthroplasty. Pain Coping Skills Training The eight one-hour perioperative arthritis education sessions will be delivered by nurse educators via telephone and will use a presentation and discussion format. Figures and discussion sessions will present information on the nature of arthritis, what to expect following knee arthroplasty, treatment of osteoarthritis, the role of exercise, joint protection and making future treatment decisions. Arthritis Education Patients randomly assigned to this arm will undergo usual care following knee arthroplasty. Usual Care
Measure Participants 130 135 137
Mean (95% Confidence Interval) [meters]
366
337
363
7. Secondary Outcome
Title Short Physical Performance Battery
Description The Short Physical Performance Battery measures actual physical performance of four common daily physical activities including standing balance, single standing from a chair, repeated standing from a chair, and a 4 meter walk test. Scores range from 0 to 12 with higher scores indicating better physical performance.
Time Frame twelve months

Outcome Measure Data

Analysis Population Description
Data from all subjects were analysed.
Arm/Group Title Pain Coping Skills Training Arthritis Education Usual Care
Arm/Group Description The pain coping skills training will be delivered by physical therapists in eight one-hour sessions by telephone over a 2-month perioperative period. Patients will be taught a variety of skills designed to improve maladaptive pain related thoughts and actions to enhance recovery following arthroplasty. Pain Coping Skills Training The eight one-hour perioperative arthritis education sessions will be delivered by nurse educators via telephone and will use a presentation and discussion format. Figures and discussion sessions will present information on the nature of arthritis, what to expect following knee arthroplasty, treatment of osteoarthritis, the role of exercise, joint protection and making future treatment decisions. Arthritis Education Patients randomly assigned to this arm will undergo usual care following knee arthroplasty. Usual Care
Measure Participants 130 135 137
Mean (95% Confidence Interval) [units on scale]
8.4
8.0
8.8

Adverse Events

Time Frame Adverse events were collected both from the participants, and from the medical record over the time period from the time of surgery to 12 months following surgery.
Adverse Event Reporting Description The time frame has not changed from the original definition. The sample size for persons experience adverse events or serious adverse events is different from baseline consent because 18 subjects who consented to participate did not have knee replacement surgery and therefore were not considered for adverse events.Of the 18, 5 were randomly assigned to the usual care arm at baseline, 10 were assigned to the arthritis education arm and 3 were assigned to the pain coping skills training arm.
Arm/Group Title Pain Coping Skills Training Arthritis Education Usual Care
Arm/Group Description The pain coping skills training will be delivered by physical therapists in eight one-hour sessions by telephone over a 2-month perioperative period. Patients will be taught a variety of skills designed to improve maladaptive pain related thoughts and actions to enhance recovery following arthroplasty. Pain Coping Skills Training The eight one-hour perioperative arthritis education sessions will be delivered by nurse educators via telephone and will use a presentation and discussion format. Figures and discussion sessions will present information on the nature of arthritis, what to expect following knee arthroplasty, treatment of osteoarthritis, the role of exercise, joint protection and making future treatment decisions. Arthritis Education Patients randomly assigned to this arm will undergo usual care following knee arthroplasty. Usual Care
All Cause Mortality
Pain Coping Skills Training Arthritis Education Usual Care
Affected / at Risk (%) # Events Affected / at Risk (%) # Events Affected / at Risk (%) # Events
Total 2/127 (1.6%) 0/125 (0%) 0/132 (0%)
Serious Adverse Events
Pain Coping Skills Training Arthritis Education Usual Care
Affected / at Risk (%) # Events Affected / at Risk (%) # Events Affected / at Risk (%) # Events
Total 34/127 (26.8%) 36/125 (28.8%) 28/132 (21.2%)
Blood and lymphatic system disorders
venous thromboembolism 3/127 (2.4%) 3 2/125 (1.6%) 2 3/132 (2.3%) 3
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
infection of knee 2/127 (1.6%) 2 1/125 (0.8%) 1 2/132 (1.5%) 2
Hospitlilization 0/127 (0%) 0 2/125 (1.6%) 2 5/132 (3.8%) 5
Revision of index knee 3/127 (2.4%) 3 3/125 (2.4%) 3 1/132 (0.8%) 1
Manipulation of index knee 7/127 (5.5%) 7 7/125 (5.6%) 7 3/132 (2.3%) 3
Contralateral knee replacement 12/127 (9.4%) 12 13/125 (10.4%) 13 7/132 (5.3%) 7
Nervous system disorders
Hospitalization for psychological distress 0/127 (0%) 0 1/125 (0.8%) 1 1/132 (0.8%) 1
Surgical and medical procedures
Other hospitalization 7/127 (5.5%) 7 7/125 (5.6%) 7 7/132 (5.3%) 7
Other (Not Including Serious) Adverse Events
Pain Coping Skills Training Arthritis Education Usual Care
Affected / at Risk (%) # Events Affected / at Risk (%) # Events Affected / at Risk (%) # Events
Total 8/127 (6.3%) 3/125 (2.4%) 9/132 (6.8%)
Cardiac disorders
shortness of breath 1/127 (0.8%) 1 0/125 (0%) 0 0/132 (0%) 0
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
orthopaedic injury to the knee 1/127 (0.8%) 1 0/125 (0%) 0 1/132 (0.8%) 1
Emergency room visity for knee pain 1/127 (0.8%) 1 1/125 (0.8%) 1 0/132 (0%) 0
Nervous system disorders
psychological distress 5/127 (3.9%) 5 2/125 (1.6%) 2 8/132 (6.1%) 8

Limitations/Caveats

No limitations were noted.

More Information

Certain Agreements

Principal Investigators are NOT employed by the organization sponsoring the study.

There is NOT an agreement between Principal Investigators and the Sponsor (or its agents) that restricts the PI's rights to discuss or publish trial results after the trial is completed.

Results Point of Contact

Name/Title Dr. Daniel L. Riddle
Organization Virginia Commonwealth University
Phone 804-828-0234
Email dlriddle@vcu.edu
Responsible Party:
Virginia Commonwealth University
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
NCT01620983
Other Study ID Numbers:
  • HM14326
  • 1UM1AR062800-01
First Posted:
Jun 15, 2012
Last Update Posted:
Oct 19, 2018
Last Verified:
Oct 1, 2018