Cellular Adoptive Immunotherapy in Treating Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, or Myelodysplastic Syndromes That Relapsed After Donor Stem Cell Transplant

Sponsor

Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center (Other)

Overall Status

Completed

CT.gov ID

NCT00107354

Collaborator

(none)

Location

Study Details

Study Description

Brief Summary

RATIONALE: Biological therapies, such as cellular adoptive immunotherapy, stimulate the immune system in different ways and stop cancer cells from growing.

PURPOSE: This phase I trial is studying the side effects of cellular adoptive immunotherapy in treating patients with acute myeloid leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, or myelodysplastic syndromes that relapsed after donor stem cell transplant.

Condition or Disease	Intervention/Treatment	Phase
Leukemia Myelodysplastic Syndromes	Biological: aldesleukin Biological: therapeutic allogeneic lymphocytes Biological: therapeutic autologous lymphocytes Drug: cytarabine Drug: etoposide Drug: mitoxantrone hydrochloride Procedure: allogeneic bone marrow transplantation Procedure: peripheral blood stem cell transplantation	Phase 1

Detailed Description

OBJECTIVES:

Primary

Determine the toxic effects of adoptive immunotherapy comprising CD8-positive minor histocompatability antigen-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes in patients with acute myeloid leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, or myelodysplastic syndromes that relapsed after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Secondary

Determine the persistence of adoptively transfused T cells in vivo and assess their migration to the bone marrow in these patients.
Determine the anti-leukemic activity of this therapy in these patients.

OUTLINE: This is a pilot, open-label, nonrandomized study.

Leukapheresis: Patients undergo leukapheresis to obtain peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) before transplantation. Donors undergo leukapheresis to obtain PBMCs to use as feeder cells for generating adoptive immunotherapy. Patient PBMCs are combined with donor PBMCs and expanded in vitro to generate CD8-positive minor histocompatability antigen-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs) for adoptive immunotherapy.
Transplantation: Patients undergo allogeneic bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. Patients with a morphologic or flow cytometric relapse on or after day 100 post-transplantation proceed to cytoreductive chemotherapy. Patients with a molecular or cytogenetic relapse on or after day 100 post-transplantation proceed directly to adoptive immunotherapy. Patients with relapsed disease before day 100 post-transplantation are eligible to receive adoptive immunotherapy at a later date provided the patient continues to relapse and CTLs are available.
Cytoreductive chemotherapy: The chemotherapy regimen for each patient is determined after consideration of prior chemotherapy, type of leukemia, and other clinical parameters. Two regimens to consider are:
Mitoxantrone IV and etoposide IV on days -6 to -2
High-dose cytarabine IV over 2 hours twice daily on days -6, -4, and -2 Patients achieving a complete remission after completion of cytoreductive chemotherapy proceed to adoptive immunotherapy.
Adoptive immunotherapy: Within 2-3 days after completion of cytoreductive chemotherapy, patients receive CTLs IV over 1-2 hours on days 0, 4, 11, 21, and 28 in the absence of unacceptable toxicity. Patients with evidence of persistent disease on or after day 35 OR relapsed disease after an initial response to CTLs receive a sixth infusion of CTLs followed, no more than 24 hours later, by interleukin-2 subcutaneously once daily for up 14 total doses in the absence of unacceptable toxicity. Patients with subsequent relapsed disease after day 48 may be eligible for retreatment.

After completion of study treatment, patients are followed with bone marrow aspiration every 3 months for 1 year.

PROJECTED ACCRUAL: A total of 25-30 patients (10-15 with acute myeloid leukemia or myelodysplastic syndromes AND 10-15 with acute lymphoblastic leukemia) will be accrued for this study within 3 years.

Study Design

Study Type:

Interventional

Masking:

None (Open Label)

Primary Purpose:

Treatment

Official Title:

Phase I Study of Adoptive Immunotherapy With CD8 Minor Histocompatibility (H) Antigen-Specific CTL Clones for Patients With Relapsed of AML or ALL After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant

Study Start Date :

Dec 1, 1998

Actual Primary Completion Date :

Aug 1, 2009

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

Toxicity []

Secondary Outcome Measures

In vivo persistence of adoptively transferred T cells []
Migration of adoptively transferred T cells to the bone marrow []
Antileukemic activity []

Eligibility Criteria

Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study:

14 Years and Older

Sexes Eligible for Study:

All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers:

DISEASE CHARACTERISTICS:

Undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation* from a major histocompatability complex (MHC)-identical related donor for 1 of the following:
Primary refractory acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) or acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
AML or ALL beyond first remission
Therapy-related AML at any stage
Philadelphia chromosome (bcr-abl)-positive p190-positive ALL at any stage
Acute leukemia at any stage arising from myelodysplastic syndromes or myeloproliferative disorders, including any of the following:
Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia
Chronic myelogenous leukemia
Polycythemia vera
Essential thrombocytosis
Agnogenic myeloid metaplasia with myelofibrosis
Refractory anemia with excess blasts
Refractory anemia with excess blasts in transformation NOTE: *Patients must be enrolled on study prior to undergoing transplantation
Relapsed disease post-transplantation, as evidenced by 1 of the following criteria:
Morphologic relapse, as defined by 1 or more of the following:
Peripheral blasts in the absence of growth factor therapy
Bone marrow blasts > 5% of nucleated cells
Extramedullary chloroma or granulocytic sarcoma
Flow cytometric relapse, as defined by the appearance of cells with abnormal immunophenotype consistent with leukemia relapse in the peripheral blood or bone marrow (detected before transplantation)
Cytogenetic relapse, as defined by the appearance in 1 or more metaphases from bone marrow or peripheral blood cells of either a non-constitutional cytogenetic abnormality detected in at least 1 cytogenetic study performed before transplantation OR a new abnormality known to be associated with leukemia
Molecular relapse, as defined by 1 of the following:
1 or more positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for clonotypic immunoglobulin heavy chain or T-cell receptor gene rearrangement in patients transplanted for B- or T-cell ALL respectively
1 or more positive post-transplantation reverse transcription PCR assays for p190 BCR-ABL mRNA fusion transcripts in patients transplanted for Philadelphia chromosome-positive p190-positive ALL
No grade III or IV acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)**
No extensive chronic GVHD** NOTE: **At time of post-transplant relapse

PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS:

Age

14 and over (patients < 14 years of age may be eligible if they are deemed to be of sufficient height and weight by the pediatric attending physician)

Performance status

Karnofsky 60-100% (at time of post-transplant relapse)

Life expectancy

Not specified

Hematopoietic

Not specified

Hepatic

Not specified

Renal

Not specified

Other

No preexisting major nonhematopoietic organ toxicity ≥ grade 3 (at time of post-transplant relapse)

PRIOR CONCURRENT THERAPY:

Biologic therapy

Not specified

Chemotherapy

Not specified

Endocrine therapy

Concurrent immunosuppressive steroid therapy for GVHD allowed provided both of the following are true:
Able to taper steroid dose to < 0.5 mg/kg/day
No increase of > 1 grade in acute GVHD OR progression of chronic GVHD within 14 days after dose change

Radiotherapy