Testing if High Dose Radiation Only to the Sites of Brain Cancer Compared to Whole Brain Radiation That Avoids the Hippocampus is Better at Preventing Loss of Memory and Thinking Ability

Sponsor
NRG Oncology (Other)
Overall Status
Recruiting
CT.gov ID
NCT04804644
Collaborator
National Cancer Institute (NCI) (NIH)
200
84
2
111.2
2.4
0

Study Details

Study Description

Brief Summary

This phase III trial compares the effect of stereotactic radiosurgery to standard of care memantine and whole brain radiation therapy that avoids the hippocampus (the memory zone of the brain) for the treatment of small cell lung cancer that has spread to the brain. Stereotactic radiosurgery is a specialized radiation therapy that delivers a single, high dose of radiation directly to the tumor and may cause less damage to normal tissue. Whole brain radiation therapy delivers a low dose of radiation to the entire brain including the normal brain tissue. Hippocampal avoidance during whole-brain radiation therapy (HA-WBRT) decreases the amount of radiation that is delivered to the hippocampus which is a brain structure that is important for memory. The drug, memantine, is also often given with whole brain radiotherapy because it may decrease the risk of side effects related to thinking and memory. Stereotactic radiosurgery may decrease side effects related to memory and thinking compared to standard of care HA-WBRT plus memantine.

Condition or Disease Intervention/Treatment Phase
  • Drug: Memantine Hydrochloride
  • Other: Neurocognitive Assessment
  • Radiation: Stereotactic Radiosurgery
  • Radiation: Whole-Brain Radiotherapy
Phase 3

Detailed Description

PRIMARY OBJECTIVE:
  1. Determine whether stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) relative to whole brain radiotherapy with hippocampal avoidance (HA-WBRT) plus memantine hydrochloride (memantine) for brain metastases from small cell lung cancer (SCLC) prevents cognitive function failure as measured by cognitive decline on a battery of tests: the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test - Revised (HVLT-R), Controlled Oral Word Association (COWA) test, and the Trail Making Test (TMT).
SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:
  1. Determine whether SRS relative to HA-WBRT plus memantine for brain metastases from SCLC preserves cognitive function as separately measured by the HVLT-R, COWA, TMT Parts A and B, and Clinical Trial Battery Composite (CTB COMP).

  2. Assess perceived difficulties in cognitive abilities using Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) after SRS relative to HA-WBRT plus memantine for brain metastases from SCLC.

  3. Assess symptom burden using the MD Anderson Symptom Inventory for brain tumor (MDASI-BT) after SRS relative to HA-WBRT plus memantine for brain metastases from SCLC.

  4. Compare cumulative incidence of intracranial disease progression after SRS relative to HA-WBRT plus memantine for brain metastases from SCLC.

  5. Compare overall survival after SRS relative to HA-WBRT plus memantine for brain metastases from SCLC.

  6. Compare cumulative incidence of neurologic death after SRS relative to HA-WBRT plus memantine for brain metastases from SCLC.

  7. Compare the number of salvage procedures used to manage recurrent intracranial disease following SRS relative to HA-WBRT plus memantine for SCLC brain metastases.

  8. Compare adverse events between the treatment arms according to the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version (v)5.0 criteria.

  9. Compare the risk of developing cerebral necrosis between SRS and HA-WBRT plus memantine in patients receiving concurrent immunotherapy.

EXPLORATORY OBJECTIVES:
  1. Compare cumulative incidence of local brain recurrence, distant brain relapse, and leptomeningeal dissemination after SRS relative to HA-WBRT plus memantine for brain metastases from SCLC.

  2. Compare the cost of brain-related therapies and quality-adjusted life years in patients who receive SRS relative to HA-WBRT plus memantine for brain metastases from SCLC.

  3. Evaluate the time delay to salvage WBRT or HA-WBRT in patients enrolled on the SRS arm.

  4. Evaluate whether a time delay for chemotherapy in patients receiving HA-WBRT plus memantine relative to SRS for brain metastases from SCLC has an effect on overall survival.

  5. Evaluate baseline magnetic resonance (MR) imaging biomarkers of white matter injury and hippocampal volumetry as potential predictors of cognitive decline and differential benefit from SRS relative to HA-WBRT plus memantine for brain metastases from SCLC.

  6. Evaluate the correlation between neurocognitive functioning and patient-reported outcomes.

  7. Collect serum, plasma and imaging studies for future translational research analyses.

OUTLINE: Patients are randomized to 1 of 2 arms.

ARM I: Patients undergo SRS over 1 day (in some cases several days).

ARM II: Patients undergo HA-WBRT once daily (QD) for 2 weeks in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients also receive memantine orally (PO) QD or twice daily (BID) for up to 24 weeks in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up every 2-3 months for 1 year, and then every 6 months thereafter.

Study Design

Study Type:
Interventional
Anticipated Enrollment :
200 participants
Allocation:
Randomized
Intervention Model:
Parallel Assignment
Masking:
None (Open Label)
Primary Purpose:
Supportive Care
Official Title:
Phase III Trial of Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS) Versus Hippocampal-Avoidant Whole Brain Radiotherapy (HA-WBRT) for 10 or Fewer Brain Metastases From Small Cell Lung Cancer
Actual Study Start Date :
Mar 24, 2021
Anticipated Primary Completion Date :
Jul 1, 2025
Anticipated Study Completion Date :
Jul 1, 2030

Arms and Interventions

Arm Intervention/Treatment
Experimental: Arm I (SRS)

Patients undergo SRS over 1 day (in some cases several days).

Other: Neurocognitive Assessment
Ancillary studies

Radiation: Stereotactic Radiosurgery
Undergo SRS
Other Names:
  • Stereotactic External Beam Irradiation
  • stereotactic external-beam radiation therapy
  • Stereotactic Radiation Therapy
  • Stereotactic Radiotherapy
  • stereotaxic radiation therapy
  • stereotaxic radiosurgery
  • Active Comparator: Arm II (HA-WBRT, memantine)

    Patients also undergo HA-WBRT QD for 2 weeks in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients will also receive memantine PO QD or BID for up to 24 weeks in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

    Drug: Memantine Hydrochloride
    Given PO
    Other Names:
  • Ebixia
  • Namenda
  • Other: Neurocognitive Assessment
    Ancillary studies

    Radiation: Whole-Brain Radiotherapy
    Undergo HA-WBRT
    Other Names:
  • WBRT
  • whole-brain radiation therapy
  • Outcome Measures

    Primary Outcome Measures

    1. Time to Neurocognitive Failure [1 year]

      Neurocognitive failure is the first failure, defined as neurocognitive decline (decline vs. no decline) using the reliable change index (RCI) on at least one of the following tests: Hopkins Verbal Learning Test - Revised (HVLT-R), Controlled Oral Word Association (COWA) test, or Trail Making Test (TMT) Parts A and B.

    Secondary Outcome Measures

    1. Preservation of Neurocognitive Function [1 year]

      A mixed effects model will be used to assess changes of standardized neurocognitive scores across time using all available data while adjusting for stratification variables and other baseline characteristics. For discrete time point analyses, the change from baseline to each follow-up time point, will be calculated and compared between treatment arms using a t-test or Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test, depending on the normality of the data.

    2. Perceived Difficulties in Cognition [1 year]

      Measured by Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS). For discrete time point analyses, the change from baseline to each follow-up time point, will be calculated and compared between treatment arms using a t-test or Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test, depending on the normality of the data.

    3. Symptom Burden [1 year]

      Measured by MD Anderson Symptom Inventory for brain tumor (MDASI-BT). Four subscales (symptom severity, symptom interference, neurologic factor, and cognitive factor score) as well as certain individual items (fatigue, neurologic factor items, and cognitive factor items) of the MDASI-BT will be analyzed. Mixed effects models will be used to assess changes of the four subscale scores (symptom severity, symptom interference, neurologic factor, and cognitive factor score) across time using all available data while adjusting for stratification variables and other baseline characteristics. For discrete time point analyses, the change from baseline to each follow-up time point, will be calculated and compared between treatment arms using a t-test or Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test, depending on the normality of the data.

    4. Overall Survival [From the date of randomization to the date of death, or otherwise, the last follow-up date on which the patient was reported alive, assessed up to 10 years]

      Will be estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method (Kaplan 1958), and differences between treatment arms will be tested using the log rank test (Mantel 1966). The Cox proportional hazard model (Cox 1972) will be performed with the stratification variables and other baseline characteristics as fixed variables to assess the treatment effect while adjusting for patient specific risk factors such as number of brain metastases and its interaction with treatment, KPS, and time to salvage chemotherapy as a time varying covariate. A two-sided significance level of 0.05 will be used.

    5. Time to Neurologic Death [From the date of randomization to the date of neurologic death, assessed up to 10 years]

      Gray's test will be used to assess between treatment arm comparisons (Gray 1988). Cause-specific Cox proportional hazards models will be used to evaluate the effect of stratification variables (DS-GPA and prior NCF testing exposure) and other baseline characteristics, such as KPS, and number of brain metastases and its interaction with treatment arm. A two-sided significance level of 0.05 will be used.

    6. Salvage procedures used to manage recurrent intracranial disease [10 years]

      Will be collected and descriptively compared between arms using Chi-square tests.

    7. Incidence of adverse events [10 years]

      Graded by Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 5.0. Counts of all adverse events (AEs) by grade will be provided by treatment arm. Counts and frequencies will be provided for the worst grade AE experienced by the patient by treatment arm. The rate of grade 3+ AEs related to treatment and the rate of grade 3+ AEs regardless of relationship to treatment will be compared between treatment arms using a Chi-square test at a two-sided significance level of 0.05.

    Other Outcome Measures

    1. Time to local brain recurrence (in brain lesions present at trial enrollment and treated with either stereotactic radiosurgery [SRS] or hippocampal-avoidant whole brain radiotherapy [HA-WBRT]) [10 years]

    2. Time to incidence of distant brain relapses [10 years]

    3. Time to leptomeningeal dissemination [10 years]

    4. Time delay to salvage WBRT or HA-WBRT in patients on the SRS arm [Baseline to first salvage treatment, assessed up to 10 years]

      Gray's test will be used to compare treatment arms (Gray 1988).

    Eligibility Criteria

    Criteria

    Ages Eligible for Study:
    18 Years and Older
    Sexes Eligible for Study:
    All
    Accepts Healthy Volunteers:
    No
    Inclusion Criteria:
    • Pathologically (histologically or cytologically) proven diagnosis of small cell lung cancer within 5 years of registration. If the original histologic proof of malignancy is greater than 5 years, then pathological (i.e., more recent) confirmation is required (e.g., from a systemic or brain metastasis);

    • Patients with de novo or recurrent small cell lung cancer are permitted.

    • Ten or fewer brain metastases =< 3 cm in largest diameter and outside a 5-mm margin around either hippocampus must be visible on contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) performed =< 21 days prior to study entry.

    • Brain metastases can be diagnosed synchronous to the initial diagnosis of small cell lung cancer or metachronous to the initial diagnosis and management of small cell lung cancer.

    • The total tumor volume must be 30 cm^3 or less. Lesion volume will be approximated by measuring the lesion's three perpendicular diameters on contrast enhanced, T1-weighted MRI and the product of those diameters will be divided by 2 to estimate the lesion volume (e.g. xyz/2). Alternatively, direct volumetric measurements via slice by slice contouring on a treatment planning software package can be used to calculate the total tumor volume.

    • Brain metastases must be diagnosed on MRI, which will include the following elements:

    • REQUIRED MRI ELEMENTS

    • Post gadolinium contrast-enhanced T1-weighted three-dimensional (3D) spoiled gradient (SPGR). Acceptable 3D SPGR sequences include magnetization prepared 3D gradient recalled echo (GRE) rapid gradient echo (MP-RAGE), turbo field echo (TFE) MRI, BRAVO (Brain Volume Imaging) or 3D Fast FE (field echo). The T1-weighted 3D scan should use the smallest possible axial slice thickness, not to exceed 1.5 mm.

    • Pre-contrast T1 weighted imaging (3D imaging sequence strongly encouraged).

    • A minimum of one axial T2 FLAIR (preferred) or T2 sequence is required. This can be acquired as a two dimensional (2D) or 3D image. If 2D, the images should be obtained in the axial plane.

    • ADDITIONAL RECOMMENDATIONS

    • Recommendation is that an axial T2 FLAIR (preferred) sequence be performed instead of a T2 sequence.

    • Recommendation is that that pre-contrast 3D T1 be performed with the same parameters as the post-contrast 3D T1.

    • Recommendation is that imaging be performed on a 3 Tesla (3T) MRI.

    • Recommendation is that the study participants be scanned on the same MRI instrument at each time point.

    • Recommendation is that if additional sequences are obtained, these should meet the criteria outlined in Kaufmann et al., 2020.

    • If additional sequences are obtained, total imaging time should not exceed 60 minutes.

    • History/physical examination within 28 days prior to registration

    • Age >= 18

    • Karnofsky performance status of >= 70 within 28 days prior to registration

    • Creatinine clearance >= 30 ml/min (within 28 days prior to registration)

    • Following the diagnosis of brain metastases, patients can initiate and treat with systemic (chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy) before enrollment only if their brain metastases are asymptomatic and not located in eloquent locations (e.g., brainstem, pre-/post-central gyrus, visual cortex). However, within 21 days prior to enrollment, brain MRI must be repeated to confirm eligibility.

    • Patients with symptomatic brain metastases and/or brain metastases in eloquent locations (e.g., brainstem, pre-/post central gyrus, visual cortex) are eligible for enrollment on the trial; however, the specific treatment approach of starting with systemic therapy alone and delaying brain radiation is not recommended for these patients.

    • Concurrent immunotherapy with brain radiation (SRS or HA-WBRT) is permitted.

    • Negative urine or serum pregnancy test (in women of childbearing potential) within 14 days prior to registration. Women of childbearing potential and men who are sexually active must use contraception while on study.

    • Patients may have had prior intracranial surgical resection. Patients must have completed prior intracranial surgical resection at least 14 days prior to registration.

    • Because neurocognitive testing is the primary goal of this study, patients must be proficient in English or French Canadian.

    • The patient must provide study-specific informed consent prior to study entry.

    • Patients with impaired decision-making capacity are not permitted on study.

    • ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA PRIOR TO STEP 2 REGISTRATION

    • The following baseline neurocognitive tests must be completed within 21 days prior to Step 2 registration: HVLT-R, TMT, and COWA. The neurocognitive test will be uploaded into RAVE for evaluation by Dr. Wefel. Once the upload is complete, within 1 business day a notification will be sent via email to the RA to proceed to Step 2.

    • NOTE: Completed baseline neurocognitive tests can be uploaded at the time of Step 1 registration.

    Exclusion Criteria:
    • Planned infusion of cytotoxic chemotherapy on the same day as SRS or HA-WBRT treatment. Patients may have had prior chemotherapy. Concurrent immunotherapy is permitted.

    • Prior allergic reaction to memantine.

    • Intractable seizures while on adequate anticonvulsant therapy; more than 1 seizure per month for the past 2 months.

    • Patients with definitive leptomeningeal metastases.

    • Known history of demyelinating disease such as multiple sclerosis.

    • Contraindication to MR imaging such as implanted metal devices that are MRI-incompatible, allergy to MRI contrast that cannot be adequately addressed with pre-contrast medications, or foreign bodies that preclude MRI imaging. (Questions regarding MRI compatibility of implanted objects should be reviewed with the Radiology Department performing the MRI).

    • Current use of (other N-methyl-D-aspartate [NMDA] antagonists) amantadine, ketamine, or dextromethorphan.

    • Radiographic evidence of hydrocephalus or other architectural change of the ventricular system resulting in significant anatomic distortion of the hippocampus, including placement of external ventricular drain or ventriculoperitoneal shunt.

    • Mild cases of hydrocephalus not resulting in significant anatomic distortion of the hippocampus are permitted.

    • Prior radiotherapy to the brain, including SRS, WBRT, or prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI).

    • Severe, active co-morbidity defined as follows:

    • Unstable angina and/or congestive heart failure requiring hospitalization within the last 6 months

    • Transmural myocardial infarction within the last 6 months

    • Acute bacterial or fungal infection requiring intravenous antibiotics at the time of registration

    • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation or other acute respiratory illness precluding study therapy at the time of registration

    • Hepatic insufficiency resulting in clinical jaundice and/or coagulation defects

    Contacts and Locations

    Locations

    Site City State Country Postal Code
    1 Mayo Clinic Hospital in Arizona Phoenix Arizona United States 85054
    2 Los Angeles County-USC Medical Center Los Angeles California United States 90033
    3 USC / Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center Los Angeles California United States 90033
    4 University of Colorado Hospital Aurora Colorado United States 80045
    5 UCHealth Memorial Hospital Central Colorado Springs Colorado United States 80909
    6 Memorial Hospital North Colorado Springs Colorado United States 80920
    7 University of Florida Health Science Center - Gainesville Gainesville Florida United States 32610
    8 Emory University Hospital Midtown Atlanta Georgia United States 30308
    9 Emory University Hospital/Winship Cancer Institute Atlanta Georgia United States 30322
    10 Northside Hospital Atlanta Georgia United States 30342
    11 Northside Hospital-Cherokee Canton Georgia United States 30115
    12 Northside Hospital-Forsyth Cumming Georgia United States 30041
    13 Centralia Oncology Clinic Centralia Illinois United States 62801
    14 Rush University Medical Center Chicago Illinois United States 60612
    15 University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer Center Chicago Illinois United States 60637
    16 Carle on Vermilion Danville Illinois United States 61832
    17 Cancer Care Specialists of Illinois - Decatur Decatur Illinois United States 62526
    18 Decatur Memorial Hospital Decatur Illinois United States 62526
    19 Northwestern Medicine Cancer Center Kishwaukee DeKalb Illinois United States 60115
    20 Carle Physician Group-Effingham Effingham Illinois United States 62401
    21 Crossroads Cancer Center Effingham Illinois United States 62401
    22 Northwestern Medicine Cancer Center Delnor Geneva Illinois United States 60134
    23 Carle Physician Group-Mattoon/Charleston Mattoon Illinois United States 61938
    24 Cancer Care Center of O'Fallon O'Fallon Illinois United States 62269
    25 Carle Cancer Center Urbana Illinois United States 61801
    26 The Carle Foundation Hospital Urbana Illinois United States 61801
    27 Northwestern Medicine Cancer Center Warrenville Warrenville Illinois United States 60555
    28 Mary Greeley Medical Center Ames Iowa United States 50010
    29 McFarland Clinic PC - Ames Ames Iowa United States 50010
    30 Mary Bird Perkins Cancer Center Baton Rouge Louisiana United States 70809
    31 Anne Arundel Medical Center Annapolis Maryland United States 21401
    32 University of Maryland/Greenebaum Cancer Center Baltimore Maryland United States 21201
    33 MedStar Franklin Square Medical Center/Weinberg Cancer Institute Baltimore Maryland United States 21237
    34 UM Upper Chesapeake Medical Center Bel Air Maryland United States 21014
    35 Central Maryland Radiation Oncology in Howard County Columbia Maryland United States 21044
    36 University of Maryland Shore Medical Center at Easton Easton Maryland United States 21601
    37 Boston Medical Center Boston Massachusetts United States 02118
    38 Saint Joseph Mercy Hospital Ann Arbor Michigan United States 48106
    39 IHA Hematology Oncology Consultants-Brighton Brighton Michigan United States 48114
    40 Saint Joseph Mercy Brighton Brighton Michigan United States 48114
    41 IHA Hematology Oncology Consultants-Canton Canton Michigan United States 48188
    42 Saint Joseph Mercy Canton Canton Michigan United States 48188
    43 IHA Hematology Oncology Consultants-Chelsea Chelsea Michigan United States 48118
    44 Saint Joseph Mercy Chelsea Chelsea Michigan United States 48118
    45 Saint Mary Mercy Hospital Livonia Michigan United States 48154
    46 IHA Hematology Oncology Consultants-Ann Arbor Ypsilanti Michigan United States 48197
    47 Sanford Joe Lueken Cancer Center Bemidji Minnesota United States 56601
    48 Mercy Hospital Coon Rapids Minnesota United States 55433
    49 Unity Hospital Fridley Minnesota United States 55432
    50 Saint Francis Medical Center Cape Girardeau Missouri United States 63703
    51 Parkland Health Center - Farmington Farmington Missouri United States 63640
    52 Missouri Baptist Medical Center Saint Louis Missouri United States 63131
    53 Sainte Genevieve County Memorial Hospital Sainte Genevieve Missouri United States 63670
    54 Mercy Hospital Springfield Springfield Missouri United States 65804
    55 Missouri Baptist Sullivan Hospital Sullivan Missouri United States 63080
    56 Missouri Baptist Outpatient Center-Sunset Hills Sunset Hills Missouri United States 63127
    57 Benefis Healthcare- Sletten Cancer Institute Great Falls Montana United States 59405
    58 Montefiore Medical Center-Einstein Campus Bronx New York United States 10461
    59 Montefiore Medical Center-Weiler Hospital Bronx New York United States 10461
    60 Montefiore Medical Center - Moses Campus Bronx New York United States 10467
    61 State University of New York Upstate Medical University Syracuse New York United States 13210
    62 Wake Forest University Health Sciences Winston-Salem North Carolina United States 27157
    63 Sanford Bismarck Medical Center Bismarck North Dakota United States 58501
    64 Sanford Broadway Medical Center Fargo North Dakota United States 58122
    65 Sanford Roger Maris Cancer Center Fargo North Dakota United States 58122
    66 University of Cincinnati Cancer Center-UC Medical Center Cincinnati Ohio United States 45219
    67 Case Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio United States 44106
    68 University of Cincinnati Cancer Center-West Chester West Chester Ohio United States 45069
    69 University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center Oklahoma City Oklahoma United States 73104
    70 Saint Vincent Hospital Erie Pennsylvania United States 16544
    71 Allegheny General Hospital Pittsburgh Pennsylvania United States 15212
    72 Geisinger Wyoming Valley/Henry Cancer Center Wilkes-Barre Pennsylvania United States 18711
    73 McLeod Regional Medical Center Florence South Carolina United States 29506
    74 Gibbs Cancer Center-Gaffney Gaffney South Carolina United States 29341
    75 Self Regional Healthcare Greenwood South Carolina United States 29646
    76 Gibbs Cancer Center-Pelham Greer South Carolina United States 29651
    77 Spartanburg Medical Center Spartanburg South Carolina United States 29303
    78 MGC Hematology Oncology-Union Union South Carolina United States 29379
    79 Sanford Cancer Center Oncology Clinic Sioux Falls South Dakota United States 57104
    80 Avera Cancer Institute Sioux Falls South Dakota United States 57105
    81 Sanford USD Medical Center - Sioux Falls Sioux Falls South Dakota United States 57117-5134
    82 Langlade Hospital and Cancer Center Antigo Wisconsin United States 54409
    83 University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics Madison Wisconsin United States 53792
    84 Aspirus Regional Cancer Center Wausau Wisconsin United States 54401

    Sponsors and Collaborators

    • NRG Oncology
    • National Cancer Institute (NCI)

    Investigators

    • Principal Investigator: Vinai Gondi, NRG Oncology

    Study Documents (Full-Text)

    None provided.

    More Information

    Publications

    None provided.
    Responsible Party:
    NRG Oncology
    ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
    NCT04804644
    Other Study ID Numbers:
    • NRG-CC009
    • NCI-2020-11651
    • NRG-CC009
    • NRG-CC009
    • NRG-CC009
    • UG1CA189867
    First Posted:
    Mar 18, 2021
    Last Update Posted:
    Apr 12, 2022
    Last Verified:
    Apr 1, 2022
    Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Drug Product:
    No
    Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Device Product:
    No
    Additional relevant MeSH terms:

    Study Results

    No Results Posted as of Apr 12, 2022