Depletion of Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells to Enhance Anti PD-1 Therapy
Study Details
Study Description
Brief Summary
Metastatic non small cell lung cancer can be treated with cytotoxic chemotherapy or using recently approved immunotherapy with antibody, Nivolumab. Both the therapies have limitation due to development of tolerance or immunosuppression. This trial combines one drug from each category, immunotherapeutic Nivolumab and chemotherapeutic gemcitabine as it was reported that gemcitabine reduces immunosuppression by killing myeloid derived suppressor cells, thereby increasing the efficacy of Nivolumab.
| Condition or Disease | Intervention/Treatment | Phase |
|---|---|---|
|
Phase 2 |
Detailed Description
Primary Objective
• The primary objective of this proposal is to evaluate gemcitabine as a method of MDSC depletion.
Secondary Objectives
-
Evaluate whether these measures result in enhanced T-cell activity and/or NK cell function and number.
-
Determine the tolerability and clinical activity (including response rate and survival) of this approach.
-
Correlate MDSC number with tumor PD-L1 expression
Study Design
Arms and Interventions
| Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
|---|---|
| Experimental: Nivolumab+Gemcitabine Nivolumab infusion on day 1 and 15 with the addition of gencitabine on day 1, 8 and 15 of 28 day cycle |
Biological: Nivolumab
Monoclonal antibody against non small cell lung cancer
Drug: Nivolumab+Gemcitabine
Gemcitabine is added to the Nivolumab treatment
|
Outcome Measures
Primary Outcome Measures
- Decrease in Macrophage Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSC) Numbers as a Result of Treatment With Gemcitabine. [2 years]
Immunosuppression in terms of number of circulating MDSC in the blood by comparing within each arm reduction in the number of MDSCs after each cycle of treatment
Secondary Outcome Measures
- Increase in T-cell Activity [2 years]
Evaluate if MDSC elimination by gemcitabine results in increase in T-cell activity
Eligibility Criteria
Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
-
Histologically confirmed diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients should have stage IV disease (AJCC 7th edition), stage IIIb disease that is not amenable to potentially curative treatment (e.g. chemoradiotherapy) or unequivocal progression in a prior irradiated field. Measurable or evaluable disease is required.
-
Fresh/ archived tumor tissue available for molecular marker testing is required for entry. A tumor block or at least 5 unstained slides must be available. As an alternative FFPE cell block that is sufficient for histologic analysis is acceptable. If a patient has had PD-L1 status previously determined with and FDA approved assay, they have met this requirement. Tissue is still requested (but not required) for further analysis
-
Age > 18 years.
-
ECOG performance status 0 or 1
-
Patients must have normal organ and marrow functions as defined below:
White blood cells (WBC) >2,000/mcL; Platelets >100,000/mcL; Hb ≥9g/dl; Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) >1,500/mcL; Serum creatinine ≤1.5 x ULN, or
Creatinine clearance (CrCl) ≥50 ml/min (if using Cockcroft Gault formula below):
Female CrCl= ((140 - age in years)/(72 x serum creatinine in mg/dL)) x weight in kg x 0.85; Male CrCl= ((140 - age in years)/(72 x serum creatinine in mg/dL) x weight in kg x 1.0; AST/SGOT ≤ 3 x ULN
Total bilirubin:
If no known liver metastasis: total bilirubin ≤ 1.5 x institutional upper limit (ULN) (except, subjects with Gilbert Syndrome who may have total bilirubin < 3.0 mg/dl; If known metastasis: total bilirubin ≤ 5 ULN
-
Negative serum pregnancy test result in Women os Child -bearing Potential (WOCBP)
-
Prior therapies:
-
Patients without activating mutations and gene rearrangements should have received at least one prior chemotherapy regimen. Any number of prior therapies is allowed except for immunotherapy (e.g. anti PD-1, PD-L1, vaccines, CTLA-4 etc.),
-
Patients with activating mutations with known documented benefit from tyrosine kinase inhibitors should have received and demonstrated progression with that inhibitor (e.g. EGFR del 19 mutation should have been treated with gefitinib, erlotinib or afatanib etc). ALK rearrangements should have been treated with an ALK inhibitor. Patients who have progressed on these agents should be assessed, if appropriate, for resistance mutations susceptible to approved agents and treated with that agent.
-
No prior gemcitabine treatment
- Ability to understand and willingness to sign a written informed consent and HIPAA consent document
Exclusion Criteria:
-
Patients with active, known or suspected autoimmune disease. Subjects are permitted to enroll if they have vitiligo, type I diabetes mellitus, residual hypothyroidism due to autoimmune condition only requiring hormone replacement, psoriasis not requiring systemic treatment, or conditions not expected to recur in the absence of an external trigger
-
Patients requiring systemic treatment with either corticosteroids (> 10 mg daily prednisone equivalents) or other immunosuppressive medications within 14 days of study drug administration. Inhaled or topical steroids and adrenal replacement doses > 10 mg daily prednisone equivalents are permitted in the absence of active autoimmune disease. Subjects are permitted to use topical, ocular, intra-articular, intranasal, and inhalational corticosteroids (with minimal systemic absorption). Physiologic replacement doses of systemic corticosteroids are permitted, even if > 10 mg/day prednisone equivalents. A brief course of corticosteroids for prophylaxis (eg, contrast dye allergy) or for treatment of non-autoimmune conditions (eg, delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction caused by contact allergen) is permitted.
-
As there is a potential for hepatic toxicity with nivolumab, drugs with predisposition to hepatotoxicity should be used with caution in patients treated with nivolumab-containing regimen.
-
Patients are excluded if they have active brain metastases or leptomeningeal metastases. Subjects with brain metastases are eligible if metastases have been treated without clinical or radiologic evidence of progression for 14 days prior to initiation of treatment. An MRI within 14 days of commencing therapy is required for patients with a history of brain metastases.
-
There must be no requirement for immunosuppressive doses of systemic corticosteroids (>10 mg/day prednisone equivalents) for at least 2 weeks prior to study drug administration.
-
History of allergic reactions attributed to compounds of similar chemical or biologic composition to nivolumab.
-
Uncontrolled inter-current illness that would increase the risk of toxicity or limit compliance with study requirements. This includes but is not limited to, uncontrolled infection, symptomatic congestive heart failure, unstable angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmia, or psychiatric illness or social situations that would limit compliance with study requirements.
-
Known HIV-positive patients on combination antiretroviral therapy are ineligible because of the abnormal immune response that results from HIV disease.
-
Patients should be excluded if they are positive test for hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBV sAg) or hepatitis C virus ribonucleic acid (HCV antibody) indicating acute or chronic infection
-
Patients who have had systemic (IV) cytotoxic chemotherapy or any other investigational agents within 4 weeks (6 weeks for nitrosoureas or mitomycin C) prior to entering the study or those who have not recovered from adverse events due to agents administered more than 4 weeks earlier. If a patient received an oral agent, treatment on study can not commence at least five half-lives of the agent have elapsed.
-
Subjects with previous malignancies (except non-melanoma skin cancers, and in situ cancers such as the following: bladder, gastric, colon, cervical/dysplasia, melanoma, or breast) are excluded unless a complete remission was achieved at least 2 years prior to study entry and no additional therapy is required or anticipated to be required during the study period.
-
Other active malignancy requiring concurrent intervention.
-
Subjects with any history of interstitial lung disease.
-
Pregnant or breast feeding.
Contacts and Locations
Locations
| Site | City | State | Country | Postal Code | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Fox Chase Cancer Center - Philadelphia | Philadelphia | Pennsylvania | United States | 19111-2497 |
Sponsors and Collaborators
- Fox Chase Cancer Center
Investigators
None specified.Study Documents (Full-Text)
More Information
Publications
None provided.- TH-113
Study Results
Participant Flow
| Recruitment Details | |
|---|---|
| Pre-assignment Detail |
| Arm/Group Title | Nivolumab+Gemcitabine |
|---|---|
| Arm/Group Description | Nivolumab infusion on day 1 and 15 with the addition of gencitabine on day 1, 8 and 15 of 28 day cycle Nivolumab: Monoclonal antibody against non small cell lung cancer Nivolumab+Gemcitabine: Gemcitabine is added to the Nivolumab treatment |
| Period Title: Overall Study | |
| STARTED | 3 |
| COMPLETED | 0 |
| NOT COMPLETED | 3 |
Baseline Characteristics
| Arm/Group Title | Nivolumab+Gemcitabine |
|---|---|
| Arm/Group Description | Nivolumab infusion on day 1 and 15 with the addition of gencitabine on day 1, 8 and 15 of 28 day cycle Nivolumab: Monoclonal antibody against non small cell lung cancer Nivolumab+Gemcitabine: Gemcitabine is added to the Nivolumab treatment |
| Overall Participants | 3 |
| Age (Count of Participants) | |
| <=18 years |
0
0%
|
| Between 18 and 65 years |
2
66.7%
|
| >=65 years |
1
33.3%
|
| Sex: Female, Male (Count of Participants) | |
| Female |
1
33.3%
|
| Male |
2
66.7%
|
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) (Count of Participants) | |
| Hispanic or Latino |
0
0%
|
| Not Hispanic or Latino |
3
100%
|
| Unknown or Not Reported |
0
0%
|
| Race (NIH/OMB) (Count of Participants) | |
| American Indian or Alaska Native |
0
0%
|
| Asian |
0
0%
|
| Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander |
0
0%
|
| Black or African American |
1
33.3%
|
| White |
2
66.7%
|
| More than one race |
0
0%
|
| Unknown or Not Reported |
0
0%
|
| Region of Enrollment (participants) [Number] | |
| United States |
3
100%
|
Outcome Measures
| Title | Decrease in Macrophage Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSC) Numbers as a Result of Treatment With Gemcitabine. |
|---|---|
| Description | Immunosuppression in terms of number of circulating MDSC in the blood by comparing within each arm reduction in the number of MDSCs after each cycle of treatment |
| Time Frame | 2 years |
Outcome Measure Data
| Analysis Population Description |
|---|
| The study has closed prematurely. Insufficient data for analysis |
| Arm/Group Title | Nivolumab+Gemcitabine |
|---|---|
| Arm/Group Description | Nivolumab infusion on day 1 and 15 with the addition of gencitabine on day 1, 8 and 15 of 28 day cycle Nivolumab: Monoclonal antibody against non small cell lung cancer Nivolumab+Gemcitabine: Gemcitabine is added to the Nivolumab treatment |
| Measure Participants | 0 |
| Title | Increase in T-cell Activity |
|---|---|
| Description | Evaluate if MDSC elimination by gemcitabine results in increase in T-cell activity |
| Time Frame | 2 years |
Outcome Measure Data
| Analysis Population Description |
|---|
| The study has closed prematurely. Data was not collected |
| Arm/Group Title | Nivolumab+Gemcitabine |
|---|---|
| Arm/Group Description | Nivolumab infusion on day 1 and 15 with the addition of gencitabine on day 1, 8 and 15 of 28 day cycle Nivolumab: Monoclonal antibody against non small cell lung cancer Nivolumab+Gemcitabine: Gemcitabine is added to the Nivolumab treatment |
| Measure Participants | 0 |
Adverse Events
| Time Frame | 1 year | |
|---|---|---|
| Adverse Event Reporting Description | ||
| Arm/Group Title | Nivolumab+Gemcitabine | |
| Arm/Group Description | Nivolumab infusion on day 1 and 15 with the addition of gencitabine on day 1, 8 and 15 of 28 day cycle Nivolumab: Monoclonal antibody against non small cell lung cancer Nivolumab+Gemcitabine: Gemcitabine is added to the Nivolumab treatment | |
All Cause Mortality |
||
| Nivolumab+Gemcitabine | ||
| Affected / at Risk (%) | # Events | |
| Total | 1/3 (33.3%) | |
Serious Adverse Events |
||
| Nivolumab+Gemcitabine | ||
| Affected / at Risk (%) | # Events | |
| Total | 3/3 (100%) | |
| General disorders | ||
| Intractable leg pain | 1/3 (33.3%) | |
| Intractable right hip pain | 1/3 (33.3%) | |
| Intractable lower back pain | 1/3 (33.3%) | |
| Investigations | ||
| Elevated CPK | 1/3 (33.3%) | |
| Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders | ||
| Rhabdomyolysis | 1/3 (33.3%) | |
| Myalgia | 1/3 (33.3%) | |
Other (Not Including Serious) Adverse Events |
||
| Nivolumab+Gemcitabine | ||
| Affected / at Risk (%) | # Events | |
| Total | 3/3 (100%) | |
| Blood and lymphatic system disorders | ||
| Anemia | 3/3 (100%) | 6 |
| Endocrine disorders | ||
| Hypothyroidism | 1/3 (33.3%) | 1 |
| Gastrointestinal disorders | ||
| Constipation | 3/3 (100%) | 8 |
| Nausea | 2/3 (66.7%) | 6 |
| Abdominal pain | 1/3 (33.3%) | 2 |
| Diarrhea | 1/3 (33.3%) | 3 |
| Dry mouth | 1/3 (33.3%) | 1 |
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease | 1/3 (33.3%) | 1 |
| Vomiting | 1/3 (33.3%) | 1 |
| General disorders | ||
| Fatigue | 3/3 (100%) | 6 |
| Chills | 2/3 (66.7%) | 3 |
| Fever | 2/3 (66.7%) | 2 |
| Edema limbs | 1/3 (33.3%) | 2 |
| Pain | 1/3 (33.3%) | 1 |
| Infections and infestations | ||
| Lip infection | 1/3 (33.3%) | 1 |
| Upper respiratory infection | 1/3 (33.3%) | 1 |
| Investigations | ||
| Aspartate aminotransferase increased | 3/3 (100%) | 3 |
| Platelet count decreased | 3/3 (100%) | 8 |
| Creatinine increased | 2/3 (66.7%) | 2 |
| Neutrophil count decreased | 2/3 (66.7%) | 7 |
| Weight loss | 2/3 (66.7%) | 3 |
| White blood cell decreased | 2/3 (66.7%) | 6 |
| Alanine aminotransferase increased | 1/3 (33.3%) | 1 |
| Alkaline phosphatase increased | 1/3 (33.3%) | 1 |
| Lymphocyte count decreased | 1/3 (33.3%) | 7 |
| Anorexia | 2/3 (66.7%) | 2 |
| Metabolism and nutrition disorders | ||
| Hypoalbuminemia | 3/3 (100%) | 4 |
| Hypocalcemia | 3/3 (100%) | 5 |
| Hyperglycemia | 1/3 (33.3%) | 1 |
| Hypoantremia | 1/3 (33.3%) | 1 |
| Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders | ||
| Arthralgia | 2/3 (66.7%) | 3 |
| Myalgia | 1/3 (33.3%) | 1 |
| Pain in extremity | 1/3 (33.3%) | 1 |
| Nervous system disorders | ||
| Headache | 1/3 (33.3%) | 4 |
| Peripheral sensory neuropathy | 1/3 (33.3%) | 1 |
| Psychiatric disorders | ||
| Anxiety | 2/3 (66.7%) | 2 |
| Insomnia | 2/3 (66.7%) | 2 |
| Renal and urinary disorders | ||
| Renal and urinary disorders - other | 1/3 (33.3%) | 1 |
| Urinary frequency | 1/3 (33.3%) | 1 |
| Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders | ||
| Dyspnea | 3/3 (100%) | 7 |
| Cough | 2/3 (66.7%) | 5 |
| Nasal congestion | 1/3 (33.3%) | 1 |
| Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders | ||
| Pruritus | 1/3 (33.3%) | 3 |
| Rash maculo-papular | 1/3 (33.3%) | 2 |
| Vascular disorders | ||
| Hypertension | 2/3 (66.7%) | 2 |
Limitations/Caveats
More Information
Certain Agreements
All Principal Investigators ARE employed by the organization sponsoring the study.
There is NOT an agreement between Principal Investigators and the Sponsor (or its agents) that restricts the PI's rights to discuss or publish trial results after the trial is completed.
Results Point of Contact
| Name/Title | Martin Edelman |
|---|---|
| Organization | Fox Chase Cancer Center |
| Phone | 215-728-5682 |
| Martin.Edelman@fccc.edu |
- TH-113