Acute Time-Restricted Eating in Young Healthy Males
Study Details
Study Description
Brief Summary
This study compared the metabolic response to three different eating windows (morning fast,12pm-8pm; evening fast, 8am-4pm; control, 8am-8pm).
| Condition or Disease | Intervention/Treatment | Phase |
|---|---|---|
|
N/A |
Detailed Description
Humans have evolved as a diurnal species, internally governed by the circadian system, which dictates our hormone regulation. 'Chrononutrition' is a sub-discipline which combines food timing with circadian physiology. The most popular method of time-restricted feeding in the UK is to skip breakfast. However, data from several meta-analysis have shown that skipping breakfast is associated with weight gain and insulin resistance, likely due to eating later into the evening/night and therefore, out of sync with our circadian rhythm. Recent research has shown that skipping dinner (evening fasting) has improved markers of cardio-metabolic health in clinical populations, although these are typically from longer-term studies. Despite these promising findings, it is not yet known whether these findings are population specific.
Therefore, the investigators are interested in examining the metabolic response pre and post-intervention to see whether these promising findings can translate into a healthy population. Furthermore, the investigators will be monitoring subjective appetite, energy intake, and expenditure to assess whether there is any short-term adaptation to a specific feeding window.
Study Design
Arms and Interventions
| Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
|---|---|
| Experimental: Evening Fasting Participants will undertake acute evening fasting (feeding between 8am-4pm) |
Behavioral: Evening Fasting
Participants will undertake acute evening fasting (feeding between 8am-4pm) for one day. After which they will attend the laboratory, following a 16 h fast, where baseline measures will be taken and the response to a standardised meal will take place. The participant will also have an opportunity to feed ad-libitum before they leave the laboratory.
|
| Experimental: Control Participants will undertake an acute standard western feeding pattern (feeding between 8am-8pm). |
Behavioral: Control
Participants will undertake an acute standard western feeding pattern (feeding between 8am-8pm). After which, participants will visit the laboratory the following day, after a 12 h fast, where baseline measures will be taken and the response to a standardised meal will take place. The participant will also have an opportunity to feed ad-libitum before they leave the laboratory.
|
| Experimental: Morning Fasting Participants will undertake an acute morning fasting trial (feeding between 12pm-8pm). |
Behavioral: Morning Fasting
Participants will undertake an acute morning fasting trial (feeding between 12pm-8pm). After which, participants will visit the laboratory the following day, after a 16 h fast, where baseline measures will be taken and the response to a standardised meal will take place. The participant will also have an opportunity to feed ad-libitum before they leave the laboratory.
|
Outcome Measures
Primary Outcome Measures
- Glycaemic Control [0 hour (Pre breakfast), 1 hour, 2 hour, 3.5 hour]
A metabolic assessment lasting 3.5 hours will take place following a standardised, laboratory-based meal. The investigators will be taking periodic capillary and venous blood samples to measure post-prandial glucose and insulin, which together comprise 'glycaemic control'.
Secondary Outcome Measures
- Energy Intake [3.5 hour following breakfast]
Energy intake will be measured both during lab and outside of the laboratory when the participants are free-living. During lab, energy intake will be measured through ad-libitum feeding buffet where 20 minutes will be permitted to eat as much or as little as they desire, until 'comfortably full and satisfied', followed by post-feeding measurement of the remaining food.
- Energy expenditure [Activity recorded across day 1 standardisation and day 2 (lab visit and post lab visit)]
Energy expenditure will be measured via a chest-worn device (Actiheart) which combines heart rate and accelerometry to gauge calories expended.
- Visual analogue scale for subjective ratings of appetite [0 hour (pre-breakfast), 1 hour, 2 hour, 3 hour, 4 hour (post breakfast during lab visit)]
Subjective appetite will be measured on mobile devices via a software which replicates a 100mm visual analogue scale. The scale is divided into subscales of different appetite perceptions including: hunger, fullness, desire to eat and prospective food consumption. This will be measured on a scale of 0-100 (0 - none at all) (100 - a lot).
- Acylated Ghrelin (Appetite hormone) [0 hour (pre breakfast), 1 hour, 2 hour, and 3 hour post breakfast]
Acylated Ghrelin will be measured from the venous samples taken during the post-prandial period following the standardised meal.
- PYY (Appetite hormone) [0 hour (pre-breakfast), 1 hour, 2 hour, and 3 hour post breakfast]
Acylated Ghrelin will be measured from the venous samples taken during the post-prandial period following the standardised meal.
- Carbohydrate Oxidation [0 hour (pre breakfast), 1 hour, 2 hour, 3 hour post breakfast]
Investigators will be collecting expired air into Douglas bags, and measuring the VO2 and VCO2 concentration to calculate carbohydrate oxidation.
- Fat Oxidation [0 hour (pre breakfast), 1 hour, 2 hour, 3 hour]
Investigators will be collecting expired air into Douglas bags, and measuring the VO2 and VCO2 concentration to calculate fat oxidation.
Eligibility Criteria
Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
-
recreationally active
-
non-smokers
-
non-dieting
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weight stable (self-reported for >6 months)
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were not consuming any medication known to affect appetite or physical activity
Exclusion Criteria:
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Smokers
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10 hours per week physical activity
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Have dieted within the past 6 months
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Excessive alcohol consumption (>14 units/week)
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Use of medication or supplements that may affect hormone concentrations.
Contacts and Locations
Locations
| Site | City | State | Country | Postal Code | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Nottingham Trent University | Nottingham | Nottinghamshire | United Kingdom | NG2 5BL |
Sponsors and Collaborators
- Nottingham Trent University
- Loughborough University
Investigators
None specified.Study Documents (Full-Text)
None provided.More Information
Publications
None provided.- WM_eFAST_2020