Subjective Social Status and Energy Balance

Sponsor

Texas Tech University (Other)

Overall Status

Completed

CT.gov ID

NCT03510364

Collaborator

Pennington Biomedical Research Center (Other), University of Florida (Other), University of Alabama at Birmingham (Other), Indiana University (Other)

Enrollment

Arm

Actual Duration (Months)

Study Details

Study Description

Brief Summary

Investigators examined the associations between SSS, energy balance, food intake and changes in body composition following a high calorie lunch for 2 weeks.

Condition or Disease	Intervention/Treatment	Phase
Obesity Social Dominance Social Behavior Eating Behavior	Behavioral: Dietary intervention	N/A

Detailed Description

Subjective social status (SSS) is inversely associated with body fatness. The physiological and psychological effects of low social status may spur increased energy intake as a strategy to buffer against future food scarcity. Investigators' central hypothesis is that females with low SSS will not compensate for excess calorie consumption in a single large meal as well as individuals with high SSS, and will therefore remain in positive energy balance leading to body fat gain in response to daily large meals. Investigators' objective is to understand the influence of SSS on eating behavior, weight gain, and energetic compensation. Investigators conducted a 14-day feeding protocol that consisted of consumption of a lunch-time meal that was 60% of participants' estimated 24-hour energy requirements each day in female participants between 20-50 years, with a body mass index between 25- 30 kg/m2. Free-living food intake was recorded using the Remote Food Photography Method outside of the lab on days 1-2 (early), 7-8 (middle), and 12-13 (late), to measure compensation in response to the large lunch. 24-Hour energy balance, 24 hour intake and post-lunch energy intake were calculated for those days. Investigators measured body composition using Dual energy x ray absorptiometry (DXA), weight and resting energy expenditure at the baseline and at the end of the 14 days of the intervention.

Study Design

Study Type:

Interventional

Actual Enrollment :

21 participants

Allocation:

N/A

Intervention Model:

Single Group Assignment

Intervention Model Description:

A prospective feeding study with convenience samplingA prospective feeding study with convenience sampling

Masking:

Single (Participant)

Masking Description:

Participants were blinded to the actual study aim. They were told that the aim of the study is to study the relationship between consumption of dietary macronutrient ratios and metabolic rate.

Primary Purpose:

Other

Official Title:

Perceived Social Status as a Determinant of Fat Accretion in Response to Excess Calories: the SSIB Study

Actual Study Start Date :

Jun 1, 2014

Actual Primary Completion Date :

Jun 1, 2015

Actual Study Completion Date :

Jun 1, 2015

Arms and Interventions

Arm	Intervention/Treatment
Experimental: Dietary intervention All participants consumed a meal that contains 60% of their energy daily energy requirement as a lunch time meal for 14 consecutive days.	Behavioral: Dietary intervention For the feeding intervention, participants consumed a meal that contains 60% of their energy daily energy requirement as a lunch time meal for 14 consecutive days under observation except during the weekends. To ensure the participant receives 60% of the daily energy requirement as a lunch meal we added a supplemental shake to the standard 1200 kcal meal.

Arm

Intervention/Treatment

Experimental: Dietary intervention

All participants consumed a meal that contains 60% of their energy daily energy requirement as a lunch time meal for 14 consecutive days.

Behavioral: Dietary intervention

For the feeding intervention, participants consumed a meal that contains 60% of their energy daily energy requirement as a lunch time meal for 14 consecutive days under observation except during the weekends. To ensure the participant receives 60% of the daily energy requirement as a lunch meal we added a supplemental shake to the standard 1200 kcal meal.

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

Average 24 hour energy balance (24hr EB) [Six time points ( Days 1, 2, 7, 8, 12 and 13) measured over the two week feeding protocol.]
We measured 24-hr energy balance to assess the association of SSS with positive energy balance in response to a daily large meal perturbation. Twenty four hour energy balance was calculated for each time point as follows, and all six time points were averaged to get an average energy balance over the 2-week period: 24 hr Energy balance = Average 24 hr Energy intake / Resting Energy Expenditure *1.4 For the early and middle time point 24EB calculations, baseline resting energy expenditure (REE) was used and for late 24hr EB, final REE obtained at the end of the study was used.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Average 24 hour energy intake (24hr EI) over a two week period [Average of six time points ( Days 1, 2, 7, 8, 12 and 13) over a two week period]
Amount of total calories consumed over 24 hours. - consists of breakfast, morning snack, lunch, afternoon snack, dinner, evening snack within 24 hours.
Post-lunch energy intake [Average of six time points (Days 1, 2, 7, 8, 12 and 13) over a two week period]
Amount of total calories consumed after lunch - consists of afternoon snack, dinner, evening snack.
Percent changes in body fat [% change from baseline (day 0) to the end of the intervention period (day 14)]
Changes in the body fat mass
Percent changes in body weight [% change from baseline (day 0) to the end of the intervention period (day 14)]
Changes in the body weight
Changes in adjusted resting energy expenditure [change from baseline (day 0) to the end of the intervention period (day 14)]
Resting energy expenditure (REE) was adjusted to the lean mass. the change in adjusted REE = final adjusted REE - baseline adjusted REE

Eligibility Criteria

Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study:

20 Years to 50 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study:

Female

Accepts Healthy Volunteers:

Yes

Inclusion Criteria:

between 20-50 years
body mass index between 25- 30 kg/m2

Exclusion Criteria:

food allergies or food restrictions
engaged in any weight reduction program within the past 3 months
experienced any weight loss or gain of >5% of body weight in the past 6 months for any reason except post-partum weight loss
taking any medication that suppresses or stimulates appetite
undergone prior surgical procedures for weight control or liposuction
current smoker or has not smoked in less than 6 months
any major diseases including active cancer or cancer requiring treatment in the past 2 years (except non-melanoma skin cancer)
active or chronic infections (e.g., HIV or TB)
cardiovascular disease or event including hospitalization or therapeutic procedures for treatment of heart disease in the past 6 months
gastrointestinal disease
kidney disease
chronic obstructive airway disease requiring use of oxygen (e.g., emphysema or chronic bronchitis)
diabetes (type 1 or 2) and taking any anti-diabetic medications and/or controlling the disease via dietary manipulations
uncontrolled psychiatric disease
a recent or ongoing problem with drug abuse or addiction
consume more than three alcoholic drinks per day and has had 7 or more alcoholic beverages in a 24 hour period in the last 12 months
pregnant or less than 3 months post-partum
currently nursing or within 6 weeks of having completed nursing
anticipating a possible pregnancy during the study